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Sci. Rev/ Enlightenment Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Sci. Rev/ Enlightenment Exam Review
Sci. Rev/ Enlightenment Exam Review
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1
Social gatherings in private homes where Enlightenment ideas were discussed were called:
Debates
Lecturias
Forums
Salons
2
A core belief of the Enlightenment was the power of:
Reason
Divine Right
Tradition
Superstition
3
Montesquieu advocated for:
Separation of powers
Absolute monarchy
Religious uniformity
Direct democracy
4
Catherine the Great of Russia took back her reforms after a rebellion.
False
True
5
Mary Wollstonecraft is considered the first:
Deist
Female Scientist
Female Philosophe
Feminist
6
The center of the Enlightenment was:
Berlin
London
Paris
Munich
7
Which of the following was a long-held belief challenged during the Scientific Revolution?
The Earth is the center of the universe.
The universe is governed by natural laws.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Observation and experimentation are important for scientific inquiry.
8
Frederick II of Prussia was called a "nasty monkey" by Voltaire
True
False
9
Voltaire admired the political system of:
England
Germany
Spain
Prussia
10
Catherine the Great of Russia Was considered an Enlightened Despot
False
True
11
Rene Descartes advocated for which method of scientific inquiry?
Inductive reasoning
Classical philosophy
Theological interpretation
Deductive reasoning
12
Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion stated that planetary orbits are:
Irregular
Rectangular
Circular
Elliptical
13
Andreas Vesalius made significant contributions to which field of study?
Physics
Anatomy
Mathematics
Astronomy
14
Enlightenment thinkers generally believed in:
Pessimism
Progress
Conservatism
Fatalism
15
Cesare Beccaria wrote about:
Crime and punishment
The nature of government
The importance of education
The social contract
16
Voltaire's famous quote is:
I don't like what you say,but I will defend to death you right to say it
"Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains."
"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
"I think, therefore I am."
17
Joseph II of Austira reformed religious aspects of his country
False
True
18
The reforms enacted by Frederick, Joseph, and Catherine were social, religious, and political
False
True
19
William Harvey's research focused on which aspect of the human body?
The digestive system
The circulatory system
The nervous system
The respiratory system
20
Adam Smith is considered the father of:
Mercentilism
Feudalism
Capitalism
Marxism
21
Rousseau's concept of the "general will" refers to:
The will of the majority
The will of the educated elite
The will of the most powerful
The will of the monarch
22
Frederick II of Prussia Was considered an Enlightened Despot
False
True
23
Joseph II of Austira Was considered an Enlightened Despot
False
True
24
Isaac Newton's Principia introduced which of the following concepts?
The laws of planetary motion
The theory of falling bodies
The principle of universal gravitation
The heliocentric theory
25
What instrument did Galileo Galilei use to make significant astronomical observations?
Astrolabe
Microscope
Telescope
Compass
26
Francis Bacon advocated for which method of scientific inquiry?
Classical philosophy
Deductive reasoning
Theological interpretation
Inductive reasoning
27
The Encyclopedia was a major work of the Enlightenment edited by:
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Denis Diderot
Voltaire
28
Which of the following women was known for hosting salons?
Madame de Chatelet
Marie Geoffrin
Mary Wollstonecraft
Catherine the Great
29
John Locke believed that government should protect man's natural rights, which are:
Life, liberty, and security
Life, liberty, and property
Life, freedom, and equality
Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
30
"Laissez-faire" economics advocates for:
Government control of the economy
High tariffs on imported goods
A hands-off approach to the economy
Strict regulations on trade
31
Frederick II of Prussia reformed social aspects of his country
True
False
32
Locke argued that if the government fails to protect natural rights, the people have the right to:
Petition the king
Revolt and change the government
Emigrate to another country
Accept the situation
33
Which of the following best describes Tycho Brahe's contribution to the Scientific Revolution?
He collected a massive amount of astronomical data.
He mathematically proved the heliocentric theory.
He discovered the law of universal gravitation.
He developed the laws of planetary motion.
34
Frederick II of Prussia and Voltaire were best friends.
False
True
35
The reforms enacted by Frederick, Joseph, and Catherine were freeing serfs, banning torture, and religious tolerance
True
False
36
Voltaire's primary tool for criticizing society was:
Satire
Philosophical treatises
Political manifestos
Scientific experiments
37
Who is credited with developing the heliocentric theory?
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Nicolaus Copernicus
Isaac Newton
38
Frederick II of Prussia and Voltaire were best friends...until Frederick attacked Austria
True
False
39
The Enlightenment primarily spanned which century?
17th
16th
19th
18th
40
Montesquieu believed that the best type of government depended on:
The country's history
The level of education
The country's climate
The size of the population