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PSY 101 EXAM 1 (5-7)- SP24 Flashcards | StudBud
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PSY 101 EXAM 1 (5-7)- SP24
PSY 101 EXAM 1 (5-7)- SP24
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Research Methods, Memory, ethics
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57 cards
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1
I found that wildfires & ice cream sales are correlated, but did not consider the temperature in this study. This is a:
Dependent variable
Construct
Independent variable
Confound
2
The null hypothesis = "the naysayer"
True
False
3
The principles "respect for persons, beneficence, and justice" are principles outlined in...
The Nuremberg Code
The Belmont report
The Mengele Principles
The Williams Code of Ethics
4
What allows us to "move" things from sensory memory to short-term memory?
Attention
Sensory input
Retrieval
Rehearsal
5
Experimental approaches to research can establish causation.
True
False
6
The duration of sensory memory varies for each sense.
True
False
7
Memory for facts and general knowledge is called...
semantic memory
descriptive memory
phonological memory
biographical memory
8
Temperature's effect on water consumption- the temp & water levels are the __ variable and __ variable (respectively)
dependent, independent
independent, dependent
9
What are the properties of the non experimental approach of a correlation?
Describes the presence and strength of relationships between 2 variables
Describes a cause and effect relationship
Does not describe a cause and effect relationship
Continuous; opens door to prediction
10
In a naturalistic observation approach, you are interfering with the given study in order to describe a phenomenon
True
False
11
Given a series of numbers, remembering the first few and last few numbers demonstrates...
A Schema
Serial position effect
Flashbulb memories
Shallow depth of processing
12
What makes research unethical?
Harm to participants
Unjust burden on participants or benefit to non-participants
All of the above
Lack of respect for persons and their autonomy
13
A case study describes the in-depth study of an individual or a group of people
False
True
14
memory & knowledge distributed & stored inconnections between units,patterns of activation, experience strengthens paths
Multi-store model of memory
Parallel processing model
Schema
15
Which of these is NOT a process of memory?
Storage
Retrieval
Processing
Encoding
16
Dated recollections of personal experiences are...
procedural memory
non-declarative memory
episodic memory
Semantic memory
17
The capacity for sensory memory is large.
True
False
18
The Nuremberg Code is a set of 10 ethical research principles describing how human experimentation should be conducted
True
False
19
The process of psychological knowledge starts with the targeted population
True
False
20
Which is the deepest level of processing?
Semantic
Phonemic
Structure/shape
21
What is Systematic Empiricism
Conclusion made to derive a theory about how the world around us functions
A model of science that is good for persuading other people
Careful observation of the natural world / phenomena
A known fact about the world around humans and all living forms
22
Authority as a way of knowing...
a story of someone else's experience
based on who is saying it
culturally based
based on personal feelings
23
Retroactive interference is when old information interferes with the retention of new information.
True
False
24
Some brain areas associated with memory...
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Olfactory system
25
What are the key characteristics of the Tuskegee Study
All of the above (including importance of free press)
The exploitation of vulnerable populations
harmful, debilitating, fatal deception
Unjust distribution of burden and benefit
26
A sample is a segment that is not representative of the large population
True
False
27
This subfield of psychology has to do with the mechanisms of the mind.
Cognitive psych
Clinical psych
Personality psych
Social psych
28
A p-value of less than or equal to .05 typically indicates statistical significance.
False
True
29
Which of the following describes the non-declarative memory system
Actions, perceptual motor skills, & conditioned reflexes
The process of knowing factual information
Dated recollections of personal experiences (first kiss)
The process of knowing general knowledge (Gettysburg Address)
30
What are the key characteristics of animal research?
All of the above
More control to show casual relationships of complex behavior
Can be more invasive / direct
Can measure more basic processes
31
This subfield of psychology has to do with diagnosing and treating mental illness.
Cognitive psych
Clinical psych
Social psych
Personality psych
32
After surgery, Patient H.M.'s non-declarative memory was still functioning.
True
False
33
Key features of science:
observable, verified, testable
systematic empiricism, falsifiability, replicability
standardized measures, concrete, dismissible
34
How could you "operationalize" academic performance?
collect test scores
having students take a short quiz and collect the scores
look at GPAs
having students self-report if they are a "good" or "bad" student
35
What is the duration of short-term memory?
10 seconds
5 minutes
a few seconds
30 seconds
36
How can confound variables be avoided when sampling or assigning groups?
Having both an independent and dependent variable relationship
Keeping process random & balanced
Keeping process non-random and unbalanced
Implementing bias and opinions
37
Respect for persons refers to...
voluntary participation and informed consent
burden of participation and benefits of the study are fairly distributed
risks of the study do not outweigh the usefulness of the knowledge we get
38
Justice refers to...
burden of participation and benefits of the study are fairly distributed
voluntary participation and informed consent
risks of the study do not outweigh the usefulness of the knowledge we get
39
Disadvantages of surveys and questionnaires:
Can be unreliable
observer issues
In depth-study
data collection is fast & straightforward
40
What type of amnesia did Patient H.M. experience after his surgery?
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Dissociative amnesia
Postgrade amnesia
41
What is an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
a group that deals with any complaints/ lawsuits against researchers
a group of international ambassadors that review WHO policy
ur mom
group evaluates study proposals and ensures all procedures abide by ethics
42
Superstition as a way of knowing...
based on who is saying it
culturally based
based on personal feelings
a story of someone else's experience
43
How do you improve memory at the encoding stage?
Motivation to remember
Visual imagery
Elaboration
Attention
44
Sarrah has random chunks of her memory missing bc her brain failed to encode the info in the first place. This is:
Semantic amnesia
Dissociative amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
45
Beneficence refers to...
risks of the study do not outweigh the usefulness of the knowledge we get
burden of participation and benefits of the study are fairly distributed
voluntary participation and informed consent
46
Errors in recalling where you got the information from:
Source monitoring effect
Mandela effect
Loftus false memories
Flashbulb memories
47
Which is NOT a type of memory storage?
Sensory memory
Long-term memory
Working memory
Stimulus memory
48
Flashbulb memories are always accurate.
True
False
49
This image shows a __ correlation
positive
no correlation
negative
50
Disadvantages of case studies:
unreliable
clinical correlations
large number of participants
not fully representative
51
If Sally took this psych 101 test 1 week from now, she would have better "recognition" than "recall"
True
False
52
An advantage of naturalistic observation is
data is difficult to quantify
it's continuous
high validity
53
Identify the alternative hypothesis:
Light color has no affect on plant growth
Light color affects plant growth
54
We use all the same brain measurement methods on humans that we use on animals.
False
True
55
You get a p-value of .01. This means you can...
fail to reject the null hypothesis
prove the alternative hypothesis
reject the null hypothesis
prove the null hypothesis
56
Memory is the maintenance of information over time and is evident in behavior.
False
True
57
In a study of whether sleeping with a stuffed animal reduces testing anxiety, I gather 50 college students. They are:
The chosen ones
Sample
Population
