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Intro to Philosophy - Midterm Review SP2023 Flashcards | StudBud
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Intro to Philosophy - Midterm Review SP2023
Intro to Philosophy - Midterm Review SP2023
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Study Review for Phil-1301 Fall 2020
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Questions
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1
The belief that we do not have sufficient knowledge to decide whether or not God exists is ...
Pantheism
Atheism
Deism
Agnosticism
2
Immanuel Kant claims that the mind imposes the sense of sequence and duration on experience.
False
True
3
A logical syllogism is a propositional argument that ...
lays down conditions or facts as true.
cannot inferred from a valid argument.
is arrived at by inductive reasoning.
can be proven based on logical principles.
4
William Paley argues that the complexities of the _____ ____ prove intelligent design.
Human Eye
Atomic Particles
Great Pyramid
Solar System
5
If the premises of a valid argument are both true, the conclusion must be _____.
True
Unknown
False
Undetermined
6
What is the Traditional Western view of Human Nature?
Our material body is separate from the self.
The self dies when the body dies.
The self is an independent entity from the body.
The self thinks, reasons, and perceives.
7
Aquinas' Cosmological Argument from Causation is also known as
the First Cause Argument
The "Big Bang" Theory
The Vortex Argument
The First Mover Argument
8
According to the Logical Positivists, something that is "verifiable in principle" is ...
verifiable, if only theoretically at the present time
Capable of being verified by observation
not verifiable at all
verifiable only by direct observation
9
Who are the trinity of gods in Hinduism?
Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu
Brahma, Shiva, and Moses
Father, Son, & Holy Spirit
Shiva, Muhammad, and God
10
All religions have beliefs that involve a personal commitment to one or more gods.
True
False
11
David Hume's objection to the Design Argument is that is involves a ...
Uncaused Cause
Non Sequitur
Caveat Emptor
False Analogy
12
In Plato's book
The Apology
, he describes the trial of Socrates, in which
Socrates was called a gadfly.
Socrates was released from the cave.
Socrates was put to death for corrupting the youth of Athens.
Socrates won his freedom.
13
Atheism is not like a religion because it relies on
ritual
moral beliefs
institutions
scientific knowledge
14
Jean Jacques Rosseau claimed that Man in his original state would be a
brutal savage.
True
False
15
In philosophical language, a statement that can be assessed to be true or false.
Conclusion
Proposition
Premise
Sentence
16
According to Plato, the three parts to the Human soul are:
reason, the appetites, and emotions (spirited).
Moe, Larry, and Curly.
brain, will, and body.
reason, love, and hate.
17
St. Augustine argues that Ultimate Reality, as defined by Plato, exists in ...
only in our mind
In another dimension
The Mind of God
In the world around us
18
John Locke's claim of self-identity over time...
Body Continuity.
our brain.
memory or consciousness of prior events.
our Soul.
19
One major difference between the Greek and Eastern philosophers is that
Greek philosophers emphasize the use of reason
Greek philosophers do not believe in the soul
Eastern philosophers do not believe in God
Eastern philosophers emphasize understanding the inner self
20
According to Xunzi, humans are ...
like sprouts, born with the tendency to do good.
born with the ability to distinguish "right" from "wrong".
naturally aggressive and animal-like.
born very different from one another.
21
The atomistic self is the view that self-identity
is defined by our nuclear composition.
is impossible.
depends on my relationships with others.
is as a self-sufficient individual.
22
The Anti-Realist's point of view
Reality is a meaningless concept.
our view of reality depends on language and systems.
Humans cannot comprehend multiple realities.
There is only one independent external reality.
23
The view that people always have an option to choose differently.
Determinism
Libertarianism
Authoritativism
Compatibilism
24
For the materialist, we are able to identify ourselves over time because of
Consciousness
Body Continuity
Our Immortal Soul
DNA
25
St. Anselm's logical proof of the existence of God is called ...
the Design Argument
the Fool's Argument
the Ontological Argument
the Cosmological Argument
26
According to Ninian Smart, most religions include what traits?
doctrine
organization or institution
ritual
fact based
27
According to Berkeley's Idealism, the external world exists in the mind of ______.
God
No one
the perceiver
the dualist
28
Bertrand Russell argued that religious belief is...
based on emotional needs
universally acceptable
based on fear of the unknown
irrational
29
St. Thomas Aquinas developed how many different proofs for the existence of God?
two
three
five
four
30
The validity of an logical argument is an important quality in philosophy because:
it totally confuses the opposing side.
It can be used to validate arguments of the same form.
it makes easier to makes claims without proof.
No argument can be proven invalid.
31
According to St. Augustine, the eternal ideal Forms exist in the mind of ____.
Humans.
Plato.
Aristotle.
God
32
The view that people always have an option to choose no matter the circumstances?
Libertarianism
Randomness
Existentialism
Intransigentism
33
The Judeo Christian View of Human Nature claims that
the Soul is real but not eternal.
the Soul is immaterial but mortal.
the Soul is immaterial and immortal.
the Soul is part of the Human Body.
34
St. Thomas Aquinas argued that the purpose of human life is to...
exercise our rational capabilities in order to “know” God.
stop trying to understand human existence scientifically.
achieve happiness by using reason to know God.
use our human capabilities to survive as a species.
35
The view that people do not have control over what they do, and are not free to choose?
indeterminism
determinism
materialism
idealism
36
____________ invented the "principle of sufficient reason."
Heisenberg
Alan Turing
Marquis de Laplace
Bertrand Russell
37
LaMettrie compares the human body to what?
A computer
A watch
An primordial bacterium
An enlightened machine
38
What is the impact of the Big Bang Theory upon the Proofs for the existence of God?
It proves the origin of the universe requires God.
Proves that the universe started with a cataclysmic event.
It proves that the universe could have started without God.
It refutes the possibility of an uncaused, first cause.
39
Einstein's theory that time can be experienced differently based on perspective
length contraction
time expansion
space-time continuum
time dilation
40
Dembski argues that existence of
intelligent design
is proven in living things by ...
uniqueness and randomness
generality and determination
simplicity and perfection
complexity and specificity
41
Buddhism claims that the unchanging
self
gives order and permanence to our world.
True
False
42
__________ claims that only the present moment is real.
Immanuel Kant
A. O. Quine
M. E. McTaggart
St. Augustine
43
What is a key premise in the Cosmological Argument from Causation (First Cause)?
There must have been a "Big Bang" to start the Universe.
Everything that exists must be caused by another thing.
God is identical with the "First Cause".
Something thatexists only in the understanding is greater.
44
According to Charles Sanders Pierce, intellectual concepts must be verifiable by
reference to religious doctrine
mathematics
experimental science
witchcraft
45
One way of proving the
validity
of an Abductive Argument is to find the explanation that ...
disproves the premises
best explains the premises
best fits the evidence
falsifies the conclusion
46
According to Mungzi, humans...
have a natural predisposition to do good.
have an immortal soul that makes the right moral choices.
are unable to outgrow their basic aggressive nature.
only learn to behave better by learning from experience.
47
William James argues that we should choose to believe in God ...
to get a good position in the next life
to curry favor with God
to avoid eternal damnation
to protect ourselves from missing out on Ultimate Truth
48
Principle that subatomic particles cannot be observed at a specific location or moment in time.
Heisenberg's Principle of Indeterminancy
Hiedegger's Principle
Strong Determinism
Ockham's Razor
49
The major difference between the ancient Greek, and Upanishads and Vedas was
Upanishads believe in the Big Bang Theory.
Greek Philosophers focus on external world.
Eastern Philosophers seek truth by introspection.
Vedas are complete skeptics of Reality.
50
St. Anselm defines God as
the greatest possible being that we cannot conceive
omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, and omnibenevolent
a perfect island
the greatest possible being that we can conceive
51
M. E. McTaggart is known for his claim that
Time is Not Real
.
True
False
52
According to the pragmatists, metaphysical theories about reality make what mistake?
Not rooted in human experience
Not rooted in practical world
Looking for absolutes
Rejecting Dualism
53
The validity of an logical argument is an important quality in philosophy because:
Valid arguments are based solely on reason and language.
Philosophers do not care about the truth of the premises.
they are used to validate arguments that take the same form.
Valid arguments are impossible to argue with.
54
William Paley uses an analogy to compare God to a divine ___________.
Eye
Architect
Watchmaker
Housekeeper
55
Theology is the
rational
study of religion, by religious scholars of a given faith.
True
False
56
Freud claims that belief in God ultimately comes down to 'an infantile need to believe ...
in dragons.
in an abusive male tyrannical King.
in a protective father figure.
in a nurturing mother figure.
57
The relational view of the self ...
has little to do with how others see me.
has little to do with how I see myself.
depends upon my relationship with others.
is determined by my culture and society.
58
The Compatibilist view of freedom is...
People are not free, but we hold them responsible anyway
People are free to act and they are morally responsible
Human actions are not caused by nature and circumstances
Human actions are caused, but they are still responsible
59
According to Descartes, we can identify our
soul
as
our thinking mind.
our brain.
our eyes.
our reflection.
60
What is the name of the book from which "The Allegory of the Cave" is taken?
The Real World
Socrates' Trial
Plato's The Republic
The Nichomachean Ethics
61
Confucius said that living "the Way", will lead to harmony between ourselves and society.
True
False
62
The view that only one's self exists is called...
anti-realism
agoraphobia
hyperthyroidism
solipsism
63
The Materialist claims that we identify ourselves over time through
memories of past life events.
body continuity.
DNA.
consciousness.
64
Which of the following pairs of founders is considered to be God in human form?
Krishna and Buddha
Muhammad and Buddha
Moses and David
Jesus and Krishna
65
The Five Pillars are the principle religious duties in?
Buddhism
Islam
Christianity
Hinduism
66
The atomistic view of the self is the view that
we are self-sufficient, independent beings
we only exist as part of some larger organism or substance.
only really exist in relation to other beings.
we do not need other beings.
67
Charles Darwin argues that the process of _____ ______ explains "design in nature".
Random Occurence
Magical Intervention
Genetic Invention
Natural Selection
68
The bar or bat mitzvah is a coming-of-age ceremony in ________.
Buddhism
Islam
Hinduism
Judaism
69
In "the allegory of the cave", what happens when the released prisoner returns?
He is welcomed as a hero.
He tells the other prisoners that the shadows are not real.
The other prisoners think he has gone crazy
He goes blind.
70
_______ claims that women are enslaved by cultural biases.
Cleopatra
Madame Curie
Simone de Beauvoir
Alberta Camus
71
Which is the Holiest book of Islam?
The Talmud
The Hindu
The Qu'ran
The Bible
72
A proposition is a statement asserting a state or action that can be assessed to be ...
valid or invalid
True or false
contradictory or noncontradictory
73
Descartes argues that what enables us to identify ourselves is our soul, which we recognize as
our living brain.
our fingerprints.
our immortal being.
our thinking mind.
74
Kant's criticism of the Ontological Argument is that...
Only God can create his own existence
God is a perfect island
Existence cannot be a real predicate
God is a transcendental being
75
In
The Natural History of Religion
, David Hume concludes that
Primitive people adopted religion out of anger.
Religion arises chiefly from anxious fear of future events
Religion was used to explain natural phenomena.
People adopt religions in order to belong to a community.
76
Who was the founder of Hinduism?
Krishna
Jesus Christ
Mohammed
Moses
77
The belief that there is only one God who is Creator of the Universe is called ...
Pluralism
Monotheism
Deism
Pantheism
78
Alan Turing's test for human intelligence in machines
The IQ Test
The Rorschach Test
The Enigma Test
The Turing Test
79
The Problem of Evil is an argument against ...
Free Will
the existence of a benevolent God
the existence of all gods
the existence of a the Judeo-Christian concept of God
80
Darwin three key ideas explaining the cause of
Human Nature
.
Natural Variation
Survival of the Fittest
Metaphysical Soul
Natural Selection
