Which result of Griffith’s experiments led him to believe in a “transforming principle

Mice injected withdead S and live R bacteria died

The process of making new DNA molecules is semiconservative which means every new DNA molecule

one original and onenew strand of DNA

Which phrase best describes the main role of fermentation?

allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of

As a result of the Hershey and Chase experiments, scientists believe

the “transforming principle” is DNA

Which phrase best describes translation?

produces RNA from DNA molecules

The main function of tRNA is to

bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from?

breakdown of carbon-based molecules intosmaller molecules

Which of the following limits the maximum size of a cell?

the ratio of cell surface area to volume

In the electron transport chain, energy from the Krebs cycle is used to pump hydrogen ions

across the inner mitochondrial membrane

What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle?

PS transfer energy to the Calvincycle through ATP & NADPH

Which phrase best describes passive transport?

requires no energy from the cell

What is the main function of a promoter?

tells RNA polymerasewhere to start

The bacterial lac operon is switched on when

the operator binds tothe promoter

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have cellwalls & chloroplasts animal cells don't

cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells cells are the most basic unit of life &

all existing cells are produced by other living cells

What is a phospholipid composed of?

a polar head and a nonpolar tail

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Semester 2 Review

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Questions 74

Answers

1
Identify the following macromolecule
glucose
ribose
lipid
protein
2
During which phase of mitosis do sisterchromatids separate from each other
anaphase
prophase
metaphase
telophase
3
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need
cellulose
water
carbon dioxide
oxygen
4
Which result of Griffith’s experiments led him to believe in a “transforming principle
Mice injected with live S bacteria died
Mice injected withdead S and live R bacteria died
Mice injected with live R bacteria lived
Mice injected with dead S bacteria lived
5
movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through transport proteins is a type of
facilitated diffusion
energy expenditure
selective transport
osmosis
6
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires
energy from the cell
diffusion
vesicles
concentration gradients
7
Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT
TGGCATA
TAATGCG
GTTACGC
UCCGTAT
8
Identify the following phase of mitosis
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase
9
Which of the following phrases best describes cytokinesis?
division of surface area
division of the cytoplasm
division of the nucleus
division of DNA
10
Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have
DNA
a nucleus
a cell membrane
cytoplasm
11
Identify the following macromolecule
amino acid
lipid
ribose
protein
12
What is the term for the programmed death of cells?
kinase
apoptosis
carcinogen
cyclin
13
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
copy genetic material
process and deliver proteins
convert solar energy to chemical energy
communicate with other cells
14
Two products of the Krebs cycle are
ATP and CO2
ADPand H2O
ATPand O2
H2O and CO2
15
Identify the following macromolecule
ribose
saturated fat
glucose
protein
16
The process of making new DNA molecules is semiconservative which means every new DNA molecule
one original and onenew strand of DNA
two strands that mix original and new DNA
two completely identical strands of DNA
one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA
17
Which of the following cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means?
molecule
compound
bond
element
18
Identify the following phase of mitosis
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
19
Which phrase best describes the main role of fermentation?
allows glycolysis to continue making a small amount of
produces lactic acid to counteract an oxygen deficit
converts glucose into pyruvate and NADH
allowing anaerobic production of ADP
20
Which type of mutation has no effect on phenotype?
frame shift
silent
chromosomal
point
21
Avery’s extracts showed that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was consistent with that of
enzymes
DNA
protein
bacteria
22
As a result of the Hershey and Chase experiments, scientists believe
viruses use bacterial DNA to reproduce
bacteriophages can be grown in culture medium
radioactive isotopes can be used safely
the “transforming principle” is DNA
23
An ion is formed when an atom gains or loses
neutrons
protons
bonds
electrons
24
Atoms connected by covalent bonds share
hydrogen ions
ionic compounds
pairs of electrons.
carbon and oxygen
25
Which phrase best describes translation?
produces RNA from DNA molecules
recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
catalyzes bonds between amino acids
26
The main function of tRNA is to
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
form a portion of ribosomes, a cell’s protein factories
27
Changes in temperature and pH can decrease an enzyme’s activity by breaking
amino acids
peptide bonds
sulfur–sulfur bonds
hydrogen bonds
28
Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from?
breakdown of carbon-based molecules intosmaller molecules
the use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars
the conversion of ATP to ADP
the addition of a phosphate group to ATP
29
Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?
all ions pass
all molecules pass
some molecules pass
large molecules pass
30
A represents which type of solution
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
31
Where do the hydrogen ions for the photosystems of the light-dependent reactions come from?
sugars
sunlight
water
acids
32
Which category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches?
unsaturated fatty acids
phospholipids
proteins
carbohydrates
33
Which of the following limits the maximum size of a cell?
the size of the organism
the ratio of cell surface area to volume
the number of mitochondria in the cell
the stage of the cell cycle
34
In the electron transport chain, energy from the Krebs cycle is used to pump hydrogen ions
along the thylakoid membrane
along a concentration gradient in the thylakoid
across the inner mitochondrial membrane
through the ATP synthase enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix
35
What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle?
PS build sugars with the CO2 produced by the Calvin cycle
PS produce ATP synthase for the Calvin cycle
PS transfer H+ ions & CO2 to the Calvin cycle
PS transfer energy to the Calvincycle through ATP & NADPH
36
Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
concentrated
37
The process of organizing and condensing DNA into its compact form takes place at the start of
interphase
metaphase
mitosis
cytokinesis
38
In prokaryotes, gene expression is regulated by controlling
replication
translation
transcription
processing
39
How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body?
46
16
23
20
40
Which phrase best describes passive transport?
requires facilitation by enzymes
requires no energy from the cell
requires transport proteins
requires an isotonic solution
41
What is the main function of a promoter?
tells RNA polymerasewhere to start
keeps eukaryote genes permanently “off”
blocks the action of RNA polymerase
codes for enzymes that break down sugar
42
The bacterial lac operon is switched on when
lactose binds to the lac repressor
the operator binds tothe promoter
lactose binds to the lac operator
the operator binds to the lac genes
43
B represents which type of solution
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
44
What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?
Animal cells have cell walls & chloroplasts;plantcells don't
Plant cells are eukaryotes and animal cells are not
Plant cells have cellwalls & chloroplasts animal cells don't
Animal cells are eukaryotes and plant cells are not
45
Which phrase best describes cancer?
presence of genetic defects
multiple gene mutations
absence of cyclins
uncontrolled cell growth
46
C represents which type of solution
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
47
Proteins are composed of which molecules?
fatty acids
monosaccharides
nucleic acids
amino acids
48
What provides the electron transport chain in cellular respiration with the energy it needs?
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
chlorophyll
ATP synthase
49
Identify the following macromolecule
ribose
lipid
protein
glucose
50
cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells cells are the most basic unit of life &
all existing cells are produced by other living cells
all cells have a nucleus
all cells are eukaryotic
all existing cells form by free-cell formation
51
What is a phospholipid composed of?
a polar head and tail
a nonpolar head and a polar tail
a nonpolar head and tail
a polar head and a nonpolar tail
52
Term for group of proteins that organizes & condenses long strands of DNA into tight coils?
telomeres
centromeres
histones
chromatids
53
Why does a runner breathe hard for a few minutes after finishing a race?
The runner’s cells need oxygen to make lactic acid
The runner’s cells continue the fermentation process
The runner’s cells are making up for an oxygen deficit
The runner’s cells cannot perform glycolysis
54
What are the main functions of DNA polymerase III?
breaks hydrogen bonds and exposes bases
holds DNA strands apart and attracts bases
zips and unzips the double-stranded DNA
binds nucleotides andcorrects base pair errors
55
The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on are called
catalysts
substrates
proteins
amino acids
56
Which of the following statements is true for all cells?
They use photosynthesis
They use chemosynthesis
They use chemical energy
They use solar energy
57
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from
DNA to RNA to proteins
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
genes to nuclei to ribosomes
58
Why is water necessary to your body?
It forms the solutes in blood plasma
It prevents large changes in blood pH
It dissolves nonpolar fats and oils
It dissolves and transports substances
59
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes
happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle
occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
proceeds according to careful cellular control
60
What holds base pairs together?
sugar-phosphate backbones
hydrogen bonds
pairs of double-ringed nucleotides
nitrogen-carbon bonds
61
Identify the following macromolecule
protein
ribose
glucose
saturated fat
62
Enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms by
changing the direction of a reaction
increasing the temperature range
weakening bonds inreactants
breaking down molecules into starch
63
Identify the following phase of mitosis
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
prophase
64
The function of the light-dependent reactions is to
form water molecules
release carbon dioxide
capture and transfer energy
build sugars
65
A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a
macrophage
lysosome
vesicle
pump
66
In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?
gap 2
gap 1
mitosis
synthesis
67
Which statement is true about the rates of cell division in eukaryotes?
They vary greatly within an organism.
They increase with the age of the organism.
They remain the same for the life of theorganism.
They are faster than that of prokaryotes.
68
A tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon?
serine codon
anticodon
start codon
tRNA codon
69
The attraction among molecules of different substances is called
surface tension
cohesion
adhesion
specific heat
70
What is the term for the nucleotide sequences that are removed during mRNA processing?
operators
promoters
introns
exons
71
Identify the following phase of mitosis
telophase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
72
Which organelles can be found in the cytoplasm & on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum?
centrosomes
centrioles
mitochondria
ribosomes
73
Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present?
anaerobic respiration
glycolysis
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
74
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of
hormones
lipids
fatty acids
cell membranes

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