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AP Psych Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Review
AP Psych Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology
Flashcards
93 cards
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Questions
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1
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
ESB
2
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
3
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
4
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
5
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
6
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
7
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
reiteration
recall
recognition
8
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
9
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
temperament
behavioral quality
personality
attachment
10
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
11
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
constancy
closure
similiarity
12
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
13
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
14
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
15
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
16
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
17
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
18
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
19
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
fluid
crystallized
procedural
20
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
21
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
22
The superego is Freud's term for...
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
23
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
24
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
25
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
26
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
27
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
mechanical
28
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
29
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
30
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
31
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
32
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
33
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
34
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
35
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
midpoint
mode
median
36
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
37
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
38
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
conformity
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
39
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
shared inhibition
strange situation
40
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time awake
41
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
conventional
42
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
food/meat powder
light
salivation
43
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
44
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
45
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
46
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
endorphin
47
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
48
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
direct observation
physiological recordings
psychological tests
49
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
50
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
51
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
52
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender roles
53
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
54
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
thalamus
pineal gland
parietal lobe
55
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
56
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
perception
consciousness
57
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
intelligence
creativity
reasoning
58
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
centration
reversibility
egocentrism
59
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
60
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
61
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
observational learning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
62
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
63
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
64
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
65
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
66
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
observational learning
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
67
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
68
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
the brain
69
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
neurotransmitters
70
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
71
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
72
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
73
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
happiness
surprise
fear
74
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
introspection
intelligence
cognition
75
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
76
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
physical interaction
77
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
insight learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
78
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
displacement
compensation
fixation
79
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
reticular formation
limbic system
cerebellum
80
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
narcotics
cannabis
sedatives
81
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
82
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
content validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
83
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cultural direction
schematizing
cognitive structuring
84
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
schema
chunk
85
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological stability
86
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
the observational group
87
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
an intelligence test
88
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
89
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
fear the dark
90
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
91
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
thalamus
gonads
92
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
93
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
