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1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review
1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review
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1
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
2
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Mongol Empire
Egyptian Empire
Roman Empire
Han Dynasty
3
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
4
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
silver-backed currencies.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
colonies in the Americas.
caravels using lateen sails.
5
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
6
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
The Silk Road
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Regional trade in the Americas
7
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
8
BQ: Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Islam
Hinduism and Buddhism
Islam and Confucianism
Christianity and Judaism
9
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
10
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
11
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
12
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
13
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
14
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
15
Located in Agra, India, this mausoleum was built for the tomb of Shah Jahan favorite wife Mumtaz.
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Mughal Empire
16
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated revenue through trade
Created tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
17
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
18
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
19
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Christianity and Islam
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
20
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
21
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Technological powers
Cultural religious powers
Social powers
Economic powers
22
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
23
This description of the Ottoman Empire shows that a continuity from Unit 1 to Unit 3 is that Ottomans were originally;
settled agriculturalist Byzantine peoples.
pastoralist Turkish peoples.
Christian peoples.
merchant trading Mediterranean peoples.
24
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
25
Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
26
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
27
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
28
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
29
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
30
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
31
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
looking to create empires in the Americas.
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
32
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
33
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Mit'a
Encomienda System
Indentured Servitude
Chattel Slavery
34
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
35
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
36
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
37
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
38
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
39
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
40
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that;
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army or civil servants.
41
The expansion of Ottoman and Safavid empires led to conflict . What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
42
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
43
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Hawaii
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
44
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
Voluntary Labor
indentured servitude
chattel slavery
encomienda
45
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
46
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
47
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Scientific Revolution
The Age of Exploration
The Enlightenment
The Artistic Renaissance
48
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region? (Roll the Dice )!
Russia
South Asia
Middle East
China
49
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy (trade), spurring Portugal to explore, was
the Manchu Qing
the Mughals
the Ottomans
the Safavids
50
Which empire was ruled by a Sultan?
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
51
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
52
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
53
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
54
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Byzantines
The Romans
The Chinese
The Egyptians
55
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created taxation systems
Generated revenue through trade
56
Which empire relocated their capital to Tabriz?
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire