Physical Science Chapter 3 Review

Question 1

Potassium-39 and potassium-41 always have the same number of __________.

Accepted Answer

protons

Question 2

Which did not lead Rutherford to believe that most of the atom’s mass and positive charges were packed in a small space?

Accepted Answer

Some particles emitted photons as they fell back to their original levels.

Question 3

Experiments involving __________ led to the discovery of the nucleus.

Accepted Answer

alpha particles and gold foil

Question 4

A positively or negatively charged atom is known as a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

ion

Question 5

The __________ is about 1836x the mass of electron. The slightly more massive __________ is about 1838x the mass.

Accepted Answer

proton; neutron

Question 6

The earliest record of a particle theory of matter is from the __________.

Accepted Answer

Greeks

Question 7

Which of the following is a weighted average?

Accepted Answer

atomic mass

Question 8

The unique number of protons in the atoms of an element is that element’s __________.

Accepted Answer

atomic number

Question 9

Which of the following scientists suggested that cathode rays were made of negatively charged paricles?

Accepted Answer

J. J. Thomson

Question 10

Which of the following is not an appropriate biblical motivation for managing radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

trusting God by ignoring the risk of radiation exposure

Question 11

Copper-63 and copper-65 can never have the same number of __________.

Accepted Answer

neutrons

Question 12

The Bohr model suggests that electrons move

Accepted Answer

only in distinct, spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a reason that the Bohr model is still in widespread use today?

Accepted Answer

It is still the most workable model to date.

Question 14

The law of electrostatic charges states that

Accepted Answer

both

Question 15

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with __________.

Accepted Answer

matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels

Question 16

Who first proved that atoms were divisible when he saw evidence of charged particles existing in the atom?

Accepted Answer

J. J. Thomson

Question 17

What is J. J. Thomson’s atomic model called?

Accepted Answer

the plum pudding model

Question 18

Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called __________.

Accepted Answer

isotopes

Question 19

Rutherford’s gold foil experiments gave rise to which atomic model?

Accepted Answer

the nuclear model

Question 20

Which of the following is not a way that an ion can be formed?

Accepted Answer

An atom can lose a neutron.

Question 21

Which of the following is not typically represented with whole numbers?

Accepted Answer

atomic mass

Question 22

An ion that has more protons than electrons is called a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

cation

Question 23

Democritus suggested that matter

Accepted Answer

existed in the form of very small, indivisible particles.

Question 24

An anion has more __________ than __________.

Accepted Answer

electrons; protons

Question 25

J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of the __________.

Accepted Answer

electron

Question 26

What is the currently accepted model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

the quantum-mechanical model

Question 27

The region around a nucleus where electrons are likely to be found is a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

orbital

Question 28

Ions that have a negative charge are called __________.

Accepted Answer

anions

Question 29

In Rutherford’s experiments, a beam of __________ was directed at a piece of gold foil.

Accepted Answer

alpha particles

Question 30

Carbon-14 is different from carbon-12 in that it has a different number of __________.

Accepted Answer

neutrons

Question 31

With which of these statements would John Dalton have disagreed?

Accepted Answer

Atoms can be divided into protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Physical Science Chapter 3 Review

Questions 31

Physical Science Chapter 3 Review

Questions 31