Exam 3

sharp boundary found on the edge of the pool of cold air that is fed by downdrafts that spreads out below a thunderstorm

valley breezes blow ____ the valley

Answer the Following

Where does turbulence reach its greatest intensity around a mountain?

If a convective cloud becomes a cumulonimbus it results in a SPECI, it should be considered a thunderstorm

Which stage of a thunderstorm has the greatest intensity?

How may a microburst be identified in a dry climate?

As the vortex ring of the microburst rolls upward, the wind direction reverses 180º.

A valley breeze that blows along the centerline of a valley, moves towards

What should a pilot climb to in attempt to avoid fair weather thermals?

If LLWS is encountered on approach and a tailwind shears to a headwind, the aircraft will likely:

A valley breeze is a large scale version of upslope wind.

The wind condition that prolongs the hazards of wake turbulence on a landing runway for the longest period of time is a:

Select all that are examples of warm downslope winds:

The frontal zone contains both horizontal and vertical wind shear.

In what type of thunderstorm are microbursts considered most dangerous to occur in:

A super-cell always produces large hail and tornadoes.

Wind shear below 2,000’ AGL along the final approach path or along the takeoff and initial climb out path

What aviation concerns do thunderstorms produce? Select all that apply

To change altitude for turbulence:  If temp is rising, climb, if it is falling descend, if it is spread, do either.

In the Western US, storms will develop at______altitudes than in the Eastern US

land breezes blow ____ the land

Thermally driven means the winds are caused by

Consider a land breeze, wind speeds are proportional to

A thunderstorm is always accompanied by lightning and thunder.

Surface winds in excess of 50 knots can cause mechanical turbulence up to 3,000’ AGL.

Mechanical turbulence occurs over flat ground when wind speeds are slow

Consider lee wave formation, sea level pressure is lower on the west sides in all cases.

A cloud top will end at the:

Consider airmass wind shear, when will the LLWS decrease in the morning?

A sea breeze front produces a large area of stability and thunderstorms are less likely.

Rotor clouds associated with mountain lee waves do not provide great risk and do not need to be avoided.

Reports of severe turbulence in clear and cloudy air surrounding a thunderstorm are not well documented/understood

Land and sea breezes only occur along the ocean coastlines, and do not occur on the Great Lakes coastlines.

High, broad ridges with steep slopes often produce ____ amplitude lee waves.

Sea breezes

Mountain lee waves are an example of

during nighttime surface-based temperature inversions, expect wind shear when wind speed between 2,000’- 4,000’ AGL is

sea breezes blow____ the sea

A mountain breeze is a large scale version of upslope wind.

With a warm front, the most critical period for LLWS is:

A change in wind direction and/or speed within a very short distance:

If you had a 15 knot headwind, and that changed to a 15 knot tailwind, what is the total wind shear?

Thunderstorms are rooted in:

An aircraft can land or take off in the face of an approaching thunderstorm

answer the following:

A rising bubble of warm air:

What kind of turbulence occurs within the atmospheric boundary layer?

mountain breezes ___ the mountain

Select what isn't a causes of wind shear

A land breeze isn’t as deep as a sea breeze due to stable night conditions over land

Accidents due to loss of control in adverse wind conditions can occur during taxiing, takeoff, and landing.

Answer the following

Mountain ranges are always parallel so lee waves speed and direction is likely uniform in most areas.

When is wake turbulence most dangerous?

Aviation turbulence is based upon the response of the aircraft, NOT the state of the atmosphere.

A downdraft produced by precipitation inside a thunderstorm is called:

The sea breeze circulation is sometimes visible as clear ocean air moves inland and polluted city air moves out to sea

The lowest level at which condensation will occur as a result of convection due to surface heating:

As a good rule of thumb: fly an altitude of ___ higher than the height of the mountain range.

If there is precipitation and downdraft, but no thunder and lightening, the storm has not entered the mature stage.

A violently rotating, funnel shaped-column of air that extends from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud to the ground

What is the prime area for clear air turbulence?

Thermals tend to be smaller and weaker in the afternoon.

Strong wind shear occurs associated with cyclones is more prominent in:

Considering mountain lee waves, the stronger the wind speed, the ____ the wave.

Cold, dense air sinking down slopes is accelerated by gravity and strengthening the downslope wind. This is called:

It is always better to report turbulence as better than it is rather than worse.

Select all that are thermally driven local winds:

A dust devil is essentially a very small tornado.

A parcel of air thatcools superadiabatically cools at what rate?

Thermal turbulence is more prominent over:

A downburst caused by precipitation-induced downdraft that is exceptionally strong and small:

Consider the frontal zones, LLWS will occur before a cold front passes and after a warm front passes.

If LLWS is encountered on takeoff and headwind shears to a tailwind, the angle of climb will

answer the following

Clear air turbulence may occur in non-convective clouds.

When the altitude of cumulus clouds reaches the freezing level, the cloud rapidly grows via the: