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1
What does “multi-factor authentication” require?
Only a username and password
A fingerprint scan only
A single-use password
More than one method of verifying a user’s identity
2
What is the purpose of encryption?
To track user activity
To protect the confidentiality of data
To create backups
To speed up network traffic
3
What is the primary goal of a ransomware attack?
To steal personal information and sell it on the dark web
To delete all files on the victim’s system permanently
To encrypt a victim’s files and demand payment for decryption
To gain unauthorized access to a system for surveillance purposes
4
What is the difference between authentication and authorization?
Authentication verifies identity, authorization grants access to resources
Both refer to verifying passwords
Authentication is used for emails only
Authentication is only for login, while authorization applies to all users.
5
Which of the following is an example of a cyber threat?
Firewall
VPN
Password encryption
Malware
6
What is a brute force attack?
A social engineering attempt
An attack that installs malware on a server
To guess a password or encryption key by trying all possible combinations
A denial-of-service attack
7
What is an example of an ethical issue in cybersecurity?
Choosing encryption algorithms
Configuring firewalls
Balancing privacy rights with security needs
Installing an antivirus
8
Packet Tracer allows users to simulate different network configurations without using physical devices.
False
True
9
Which principle ensures that data is not altered by unauthorized individuals?
Availability
Confidentiality
Integrity
Authentication
10
What does “CIA Triad” stand for in cybersecurity?
Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Confidentiality, Information, Access
Communication, Integrity, Accessibility
Cybersecurity, Information, Authorization
11
What is the process of identifying the geographical location of a mobile device?
Geotracking
Geolocation
Geomonitoring
GeoID
12
What does “phishing” involve?
Scanning networks for vulnerabilities
To acquire sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity
Guessing passwords
Stealing physical devices
13
Packet Tracer does not support network troubleshooting or monitoring tools.
True
False
14
Once a network is built in Packet Tracer, it cannot be modified or reconfigured.
False
True
15
What is a gray hat hacker?
A hacker who steals information for personal gain
A hacker who works only with the permission of the system owner
A hacker who creates malware to harm
A hacker who finds weaknesses and reports them without malicious intent
16
What is ciphertext?
A mathematical value entered into an algorithm
Data that has been encrypted
The public key of a symmetric cryptographic process
Procedures based on a mathematical formula used to encrypt and decrypt data
17
Which type of cryptography uses the same key for both encryption and decryption?
Hashing
Quantum cryptography
Symmetric cryptography
Asymmetric cryptography
18
What is the role of a firewall in network security?
To encrypt data
To block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication
To monitor internal email
To store backups
19
What is the primary function of a keylogger?
To block unauthorized access to a system
To monitor network traffic
To capture and record keystrokes on a device
To encrypt sensitive data
20
What is Cloud Computing?
Storing data on local servers
Accessing computing resources over Internet
A type of hardware
A form of data encryption
21
Which cloud service model provides virtualized computing resources over the internet?
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
None of the above
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
22
Which protocol is commonly used to secure data in transit?
HTTP
FTP
POP3
HTTPS
23
What is a “Denial of Service” (DoS) attack?
Overloading a network service to prevent legitimate users from accessing it
Spreading malware through emails
Stealing passwords through social engineering
Encrypting data without authorization
24
What is the main difference between a virus and a worm?
A virus encrypts data, while a worm deletes data
A virus is faster than a worm
A worm is a type of firewall
A virus requires a host to replicate, whereas a worm can self-replicate
25
What is “social engineering” in cybersecurity?
Manipulating individuals to disclose confidential information
Installing firewalls on a network
Sending encrypted emails
Writing secure code
