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AP Psych - Unit 7 Cognition - Review (Myers) Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych - Unit 7 Cognition - Review (Myers)
AP Psych - Unit 7 Cognition - Review (Myers)
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AP Psychology (Myers) Unit 7 - Cognition
Flashcards
38 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
We assume a poet is a classics professor, not a truck driver, due to
representativeness heuristic
reality
overconfidence
belief perseverance
2
Impairment of language usually caused by damage to either Broca's or Wernicke's area
critical period
babbling
aphasia
productive speech
3
A system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
morpheme
syntax
grammar
language
4
Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.
short-term
implicit
flashbulb
sensory
5
Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way of facilitating...
automatic processing.
proactive interference.
semantic encoding.
mood-congruent memory.
6
Distributed study yielding better long-term retention than massed study is known as...
the spacing effect.
the serial position effect.
long-term potentiation.
state-dependent memory.
7
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
grammar
syntax
phoneme
language
8
Christmas is to holiday as ________ is to ________.
algorithm; heuristic
prototype; category
availability heuristic; representativeness heuristic
category; prototype
9
The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called...
a fixation.
the framing effect.
a heuristic.
confirmation bias.
10
Language development goes in this order:
speaking, singing, laughing
babbling, one-word, telegraphic
telegraphic, one-word, two-word
babbling, telegraphic, one-word
11
The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called...
the availability heuristic.
confirmation bias.
functional fixedness.
the representativeness heuristic.
12
Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.
recognition; recall
imagery; mnemonics
retention; acquisition
rehearsal; retrieval
13
We tend to be more confident than correct due to
insight
overconfidence
ego
heuristics
14
The smallest distinctive sound unit in language
morpheme
syntax
language
phoneme
15
An algorithm is a...
best example of a particular category.
method of hypothesis testing involving trial and error.
methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
thinking strategy for making quick, efficient, decisions.
16
Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?
iconic memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
echoic memory
17
Immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly _______ bits of information.
24
7
12
3
18
To prevent encoding failure you should...
limit parallel processing.
avoid source amnesia.
stop long-term potentiation.
engage in effortful processing.
19
Retroactive interference involves the disruption of...
iconic memory.
memory retrieval.
automatic processing.
semantic encoding.
20
A best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called a(n)...
prototype.
heuristic.
concept.
algorithm.
21
We tend to approach problems a particular way because it worked in the past.
heuristic
mental set
problem solving
algorithm
22
The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of...
chunking.
rehearsal.
automatic processing.
visual imagery.
23
Police interrogators have been trained to ask less suggestive questions to avoid...
proactive interference.
mood-congruent memory.
the misinformation effect.
long-term potentiation.
24
Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called...
retrieval cues.
déjà vu.
context effects.
iconic traces.
25
The process of retrieval refers to...
the organization of information into manageable units.
getting information out of memory storage.
the persistence of learning over time.
conscious repetition of information to be remembered.
26
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; more error prone
insight
heuristic
algorithm
logic
27
Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as...
state-dependent memory.
automatic processing.
long-term potentiation.
recall.
28
The organization of information into meaningful units is called...
the spacing effect.
iconic memory.
chunking.
automatic processing.
29
A mnemonic device is a
sensory memory.
memory aid.
test or measure of memory.
technique for automatic processing.
30
Decisions and judgements can be influenced by the way a question is posed. This is due to:
representativeness heuristic
framing
availability heuristic
belief perseverance
31
In our current political climate, people ignore facts if they contradict what they already believe.
belief perseverance
political heuristic
representativeness heuristic
stupidity
32
Whorf's theory that language determines the way we think
aphasia
statistical learning
cognitive dissonance
linguistic determinism
33
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently...
prototypes.
algorithms.
semantics.
heuristics.
34
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called...
retroactive interference.
the spacing effect.
proactive interference.
the serial position effect.
35
The process of encoding refers to...
getting information into memory.
the persistence of learning over time.
the motivated forgetting of painful memories.
the recall of information previously learned.
36
This part of the brain controls language reception and is in the left temporal lobe
hippocampus
cerebellum
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
37
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how readily we remember instances of it happening
availability heuristic.
representativeness heuristic.
confirmation bias.
framing effect.
38
You are most likely to automatically encode information about...
new phone numbers.
friends' birthdays.
the sequence of your day's events.
politicians' names.
