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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
2
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
3
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
4
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
5
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
make new friends
6
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
lithium
7
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
culture
environment
8
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
9
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
10
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
11
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
12
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
13
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
14
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
15
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
modes
outliers
16
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
17
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
18
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
19
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
20
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
21
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
biological
22
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
23
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
deindividuation
24
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cones
cornea
rods
25
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
26
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
morpheme
phoneme
grapheme
27
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
28
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
29
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
30
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
31
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
32
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
law of effect
33
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
a theory
34
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
35
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
36
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
37
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
38
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
39
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
40
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : punish
41
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
sleep spindles and k complexes
delta waves
beta waves and delta waves
NREM
42
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
MRI
rTMS
43
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
44
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
anixety
45
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
46
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
47
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
48
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
49
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
50
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
51
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
standard deviation
range
mean
52
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
53
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
54
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
55
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
56
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
57
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
58
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
59
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
60
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
61
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
62
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
63
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
64
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Babinski
stepping
Moro
65
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
situational
social
behavioral
66
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
67
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
hearing
smell
touch
68
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
optic chiasm
feature detectors
fovea
69
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
median
mean
range
70
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
conformity
71
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
72
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
73
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
74
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
75
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
76
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
primary
continuous
77
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
78
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
79
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
80
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
81
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
EQ test
aptitude test
82
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
83
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
a mean that is the same as the median
probability
standard deviation
correlation coeifficient
84
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
85
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
triarchic
standardized
projective
86
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
87
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
88
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
89
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
90
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
91
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
92
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
93
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
94
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
attachment
parenting style
95
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
touch
hearing
balance
96
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
compliance strategies
97
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
98
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
pons
99
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
blind spot
iris
100
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
101
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
102
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
103
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
104
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
105
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
106
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
107
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
108
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
conscientiousness
openness
neuroticism
109
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
110
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
111
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
112
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed variable
fixed ratio
continuous
113
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
114
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
terminal button
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
115
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
116
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
Down syndrome
117
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
linear perspective
closure
retinal disparity
118
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
119
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
120
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
121
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
122
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
123
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
124
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
125
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
126
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
127
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
128
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
129
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
130
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
131
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
cognitive
132
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
situational
internal
external
133
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
humanistic
134
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
135
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
136
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
137
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
138
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
139
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
140
The WISC is a...
personality test
Personality inventory
Intelligence test
none of these
141
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
142
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
143
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
144
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
145
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
146
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
147
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
148
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
149
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
150
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
151
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
152
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
153
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
154
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
health psychology
social psychology
155
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
156
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
157
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
158
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
159
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
160
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
161
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
162
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
retroactive memory
episodic memory
163
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies