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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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AP Psych Review
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1
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
2
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
3
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
4
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
5
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
6
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
7
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
antagonists
dissociation
tolerance
8
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
9
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
10
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
behavioral
situational
11
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
12
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
13
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
14
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
15
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
16
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
17
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
framing effects
18
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
19
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
Babinski
stepping
20
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
21
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
22
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
William James
23
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
cognitive
24
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
25
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
projective
standardized
achievement
26
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
27
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
28
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
29
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
sight
smell
hearing
30
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
31
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
32
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
33
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
34
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
35
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
36
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
37
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
38
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
39
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
40
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
cognitive
41
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
42
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
43
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
PET
EEG
MRI
44
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
modes
normally distributed
variances
45
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
pons
46
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
47
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
48
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
49
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
medulla
cerebellum
50
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
family
culture
51
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
52
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
53
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
54
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
test-retest reliability
standardization
aptitude measures
55
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
56
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
57
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
58
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
59
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
60
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
61
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
62
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
convergence
63
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
biological
psychodynamic
humanistic
64
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
65
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
66
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
67
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
68
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
95
84
50
69
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
continuous
secondary
70
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
fovea
retina
iris
71
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
external
situational
internal
72
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
73
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
74
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
75
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
76
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
77
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
78
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
range
median
mean
79
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
80
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
81
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
82
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
83
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
stereotyping
84
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
85
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
86
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
87
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
88
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
89
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
90
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
91
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
92
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
93
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
mental retardation
94
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
95
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
archetypes
96
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
rods
cones
optic nerve
97
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
98
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
99
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
100
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
101
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
102
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
103
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
104
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
counterbalancing
105
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
106
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
107
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
108
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
case study
109
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
110
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
111
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
112
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
113
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
114
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
115
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
116
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
117
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
118
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
119
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
120
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
myelin
121
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
122
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
mid 30s
123
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
124
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
125
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
126
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
theory Y
James-Lange
postconventional
127
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
128
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
self-serving bias
129
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
130
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
131
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
client-centered therapy
132
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
sublimation
displacement
reaction formation
133
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
134
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
135
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
136
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
social facilitation
disinhibition
conformity
137
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
hearing
touch
sight
138
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
individualism
in-group bias
139
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
accommodation
habituation
140
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
141
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
mean
standard deviation
median
142
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
143
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
144
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
145
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
fovea
optic nerve
optic chiasm
146
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
147
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
148
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
149
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
150
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
151
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
152
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
153
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
154
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
object permanence
universal ethical principles
155
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
cognitive
156
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
motor development
attachment
assimilation
157
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
158
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
159
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
superordinate goals
160
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period
oral stage
161
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
162
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
163
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline