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All Domains-Sample Questions
All Domains-Sample Questions
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Exam Preparation Retired questions https://www.nbphe.org/certified-in-public-health/study-resources/
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Answers
1
What aspect of screening is being assessed if the results are accurate when completing an at-home COVID test?
Positive predictive value
Odds ratio
Specificity
Sensitivity
2
How is the prevalence of disease impacted by the development of a new virus strain that is more likely to cause death?
Prevalence increases
Prevalence does not change
Prevalence is equivalent to mortality rate
Prevalence decreases
3
Which provides the most useful indication of the magnitude of exposure to a factor & subsequent development of disease?
Relative risk ratio
Absolute risk difference
Likelihood ratio
Prevalence rate
4
What should be avoided in informed consent?
Contact information
Technical jargon
Purpose
Risks and benefits
5
Which of the following is true about all-cause age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States?
Males have lower rates than females
Males have higher rates than females
Males have the same rate as females
Males have the same rate as females only in the first years of life
6
A recent campaign increased testing in Group A but not Group B. What can you do to increase the impact on Group B?
Conduct focus groups to learn more about the groups' beliefs and values
Hire a consultant to determine if the literacy level is appropriate
Present additional statistics to highlight the magnitude of the problem
Request a larger budget to print brochures and post more posters
7
How can communication play a role in an immunization project's performance?
By ensuring the vaccine is available at all of the clinics
By evaluating the public health project from start to finish
By increasing positive attitudes toward immunization
By providing transportation for families to reach the appropriate clinics
8
Which of the following evaluates symmetry in a distribution?
Kurtosis
Confidence interval
Skew
Range
9
Which format would best display the distribution of blood pressure readings among diabetes patients?
Bar graph
Box and whisker plot
Pie chart
Histogram
10
What test would be used to assess whether sex is associated with the incidence of diabetes?
Correlation analysis
Two independent samples t test
Chi-square test of independence
Analysis of variance
11
Cohort study is to relative risk, as:
Case-control study is to odds ratio
Ecologic study is to rate ratio
Cross-sectional study is to correlation
Case series is to hazard ratio
12
Which style of leadership is best exemplified by leading by example?
Participative
Strategic
Visionary
Delegative
13
What does a budget statement for a public health program provide?
Totals for federal and state taxes
Itemized details of cashflow and fees
Itemized details of revenue and expenses
Details about grant funding
14
Which type of analysis provides the
weakest
identification of social and economic impact from a political perspective?
Cost-effective analysis
Cost-utility analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
Cost-minimization analysis
15
In a randomized trial, infants are assigned to receive 1 of 2 types of formulas. Which scale will measure formula-type?
Ratio
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
16
When designing a study, what type of error can be reduced by increasing the sample size?
Type 2 error
Observation bias
Selection bias
Type 1 error
17
Which of the following is an example of descriptive statistics?
Frequency
Chi square test for association
Logistic regression
One-way ANOVA
18
What framework describes 5 conditions for successful cross-sector collaboration to achieve large-scale social change?
Planned Approach to Community Health (PATCH)
Transformational partnership
PROCEED
Collective Impact
19
What probability is defined as a Type I error?
Failing to reject alternative hypothesis when alternative hypothesis false
Rejecting null hypothesis when null hypothesis is true
Rejecting alternative hypothesis when alternative hypothesis is true
Failing to reject null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false
20
What is most important to consider in developing an intervention message for a minoritized group?
The funding priorities for the agency
The characteristics of the target population
The channels of distribution for the message
The opinion of experts
21
In cohort studies, which is correct about the role of a suspected risk factor in the etiology of a disease?
There are equal numbers of people in both study groups
The incidence of the disease is low
Exposed and non-exposed should have similar possible confounders
At the beginning, those with and without the disease have equal risks
22
What type of item would be included in a budget justification sheet?
Worksite health plan
Background literature on the project
Project objectives and goals
Incentivization
23
What type of rate evaluation uses performance metrics for monitoring programs and services?
Prevalence rate
Incidence rate
Utilization rate
Mortality rate
24
The construct of normative beliefs is from which model/theory?
Transtheoretical model
Theory of planned behavior
Social ecological model
Social cognitive theory
25
Exam scores were nominally distributed with a mean of 100 & standard deviation of 20. What % scored between 80-120?
0.68
0.77
0.93
0.5
26
Which of the following is described by the linear relationship between two continuous variables?
Odds ratio
Relative risk
Correlation coefficient
F-test
27
What is the definition of a cost-effectiveness analysis? It measures outcomes...
...by utilizing a standardized morbidity or mortality measure
...by benchmarking outcomes with current national standard measures
...in similar units across programs
...by quantifying tangible outcomes into a monetary number
28
What is a limitation associated with syndromic surveillance system data?
Personally identifiable information
Recall bias
Lack of outcome data
Hawthorne effect
29
Which method would be used for anonymously reviewing the feedback and experience of program attendees?
Interviews
Focus groups
Paper questionnaire
An electronic poll during the program
30
The lengths of stay for 6 patients were 0,0,1,2,2 & 16 days. Which are the best measures to summarize these data?
Mean and range
Median and standard deviation
Median and range
Mean and standard deviation
31
What is true about policy analysis when designing public health programs?
Involves a straightforward statistical analysis of health polling data
A subjective political task accomplished by legislative debate & trade-offs
Impossible to define as different policy areas need different approaches
It is complex, involving data collection, and clarification of objectives
32
What role does community engagement play in analyzing the availability of services across diverse populations?
It clearly defines roles and objectives of the project
It helps gather local perspectives and identify gaps in service
It encourages timely assessment processes
It ensures standardized data collection
33
What does public health law fundamentally attempt to balance the greater good of the community with?
The ease of enforcement
The autonomy of the individual
The acceptability of interventions
The cost of implementation of the law
34
What statistical distribution is usually used to compare means from 3 normally distributed independent populations?
An F-distribution provided all populations have the same variance
A chi-square distribution provided all samples are the same size
Three t-distributions comparing each group with the other two groups
An F-distribution provided all samples are the same size
35
Which study design would best investigate the risk factors for a rare form of bone cancer in children?
Case crossover
Cohort
Case-control
Cross-sectional
36
In simple linear regression, what is a method of determining the slope and intercept of the best-fitting line?
Minimum error
Likelihood error
Least squares
R-square
37
Which of the following planning models best align conducting needs assessments with policy change?
PRECEDE/PROCEED
MAP-IT
PATCH
SWOT Analysis
38
A regular report of the # of patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of flu is which kind of surveillance?
Active and sentinel
Passive and sentinel
Active and syndromic
Passive and syndromic
39
What is the primary benefit to conducting a partnership evaluation?
Increased resources for conducting stakeholder analysis
Increased support for the partnership within the community
Increased efficiency of program implementation
Increased percentage of funds allocated to the program
40
Which is a modeling and simulation tool used to investigate stocks, flows, & feedback loops of complex problems?
System dynamics
Operations research
Organizational cybernetics
Interactive planning
41
Which of the following types of leadership would be most helpful in an organization experiencing rapid change?
Contingency
Servant
Transactional
Theory X
42
What's the term for the proportion of people with a disease who are correctly identified by a screening test?
Negative predictive value
Specificity
Sensitivity
Positive predictive value
43
What is the three step approach to public health decision making?
Assess the situation, justification for situation, & formulate action plans
Validate the issue, make decision, and obtain consent
Analyze the issue, formulate action, and justification for decision
Conduct needs assessment, prioritize issues, and complete action plans
44
What is the term for the probability of an event occurring assuming that another event has occurred?
Marginal probability
Joint probability
Conditional probability
Simple probability
45
What is a needs assessment?
It ensures a competent public and personal health care workforce
It introduces resources to fill community gaps
It identifies and prioritizes health problems
It provides health resources for medically underserved populations
46
The t-distribution approaches which distribution as its degrees of freedom increase?
Exponential distribution
Chi-square distribution
Binomial distribution
Normal distribution
47
Which of the following is a method used to apply quantitative analysis to qualitative data?
Conditional probability
Content analysis
Relational inference
Systematic review
48
Which of the following is an example of primary data?
Poverty rates from U.S. Census Bureau
Health literacy data from one's own survey
Cancer survival rates from journal article
Drowning incidence from state health department
49
What do social cognitive theory and the social ecological model have in common?
Come from the value expectancy paradigm; associates behaviors with outcomes
Both were developed exclusively to explain unhealthy vs. healthy behaviors
Both consider factors within and outside of the individual
Both focus mostly on policy level environmental determinants of behavior
50
In which circumstance would it be best to use a case-control design to study a disease?
When disease prevalence is high
When disease prevalence is low
In diseases with high mortality
In diseases with low case fatality
51
What epidemiological measure is most affected by a successful treatment program that shortens the duration of a disease?
Relative risk
Incidence
Odds ratio
Prevalence
52
Which survey item best assesses an individual's socioeconomic status in terms of increasing validity and response rate?
Income in the past month
Eligibility for public assistance
Perception of economic insecurity
Highest level of education attained
53
A survey was conducted focusing on Black males. How would you categorize the data collected for this sample?
Continuous data
Ordinal data
Dichotomous data
Nominal data
54
What assumptions have been made in a confidence interval for a population mean based on a sample size of 9?
The p-value is not significant
No assumptions have been made
The population standard deviation is known
The sampled population is approximately normal
55
What is a significant benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) in public health surveillance?
It eliminates the need for data privacy and security measures
It focuses on infectious diseases syndromic surveillance
It increases the amount of data entry required by public health workers
It provides real-time data to be used immediately in health interventions
56
What is public health ethics?
Philosophy related to human conduct; goodness & badness of motives
Conduction principles to govern an individual
Values that guide actions to promote health and prevent injury and disease
Motivations based on ideas of right and wrong
57
What group should be first consulted at the start of a joint nutrition program with a local minority community?
Community Activists
Health and Human Service providers
Community members or champions
Local businesses
58
In a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the 1st step is combine data values in 2 samples & assign a rank of "1" to:
The largest observation
The smallest observation
The most frequently occurring observation
The middle observation
59
When calculating measures for invasive breast cancer, which would use newly diagnosed data as the numerator?
Prevalence rate
Cause-specific death rates
Incidence rates
Case fatality ratios
60
Investing in training to ensure an organization can carry out its essential functions and mission is an example of:
Continuous quality improvement
Efficiency study
Feasibility study
Capacity building
61
Which measure would be used to determine the proportion of deaths caused by heart disease out of all deaths in a group?
Crude mortality rate
Proportionate mortality ratio
Cause-specific mortality rate
Case fatality ratio
62
Which of the following odds ratios most likely indicates a computational error?
7.8
-0.9
20.9
1.2
63
Why would a local housing community be resistant to discussing issues around a planned nutrition program?
Lack of trust of outsiders and historical trauma
Complete trust in the researchers
Poor question design
Researchers have already conducted surveys with community members
64
What must be true about performance indicators to effectively evaluate organizational performance?
Benchmark against previously agreed upon standards
Report publicly to all stakeholders
State clearly in the organizational mission statement
Ensure all organizational staff approve
65
What is secondary disease prevention?
Control of symptoms
Early detection and treatment of disease
Decreasing exposure to disease
Control of chronic disease
66
What is the goal of an ANOVA statistical analysis?
Determine if the means of two or more groups are different
Determine if the mean of a group is different from a specified value
Determine if the means of two related groups are different
Determine if the means of more than two groups are different
67
Why are double-blinded (masked) studies used?
To avoid observer and interviewee bias
To reduce the effects of sampling variation
To increase the efficiency of the study design
To achieve comparability of cases and controls
68
How can social justice principles guide the allocation of resources in public health initiatives?
By excluding community engagement as part of the decision process
By favoring transparency and accountability in making decisions
By prioritizing individual responsibility over systemic change
By ensuring resources are distributed based on need
69
For those who stop abusing alcohol, it's best to avoid triggers. The transtheoretical model calls this process of change
Stages of change
Decisional balance
Consciousness-raising
Stimulus control
70
An example of a partnership between government agencies with public health responsibilities:
A state regulatory agency conducts assessments with restaurants
A local department requests data from community stakeholders
A nonprofit that conducts HIV testing in partnership with health department
A local department works with Mosquito Control to inform neighborhood risk
71
Which of the following is a source of existing secondary data?
Email
Personal interview
Government publication
Survey
72
Which of the following would be considered a primary data source for a study of substance abuse in college students?
Electronic health records
In-person interview
Surveillance system data
School substance use survey
73
Which of the following is a concern for a mailed health survey's validity and reliability?
Non-response bias
Confirmation bias
Halo effect
Hawthorne effect
74
What action would be the most appropriate for working to establish cross-sector partnerships?
Assess your internal and external contacts
Gather relevant data
Research your potential partner's interests and needs
Identify funding and advocacy resources
75
A nominal variable can be coded using dummy variables to analyze its association with a continuous outcome variable via:
regression analysis
one way ANOVA
a chi-square test of association
a two sample t-test
76
Which statistical method would be used to determine whether the means of 4 groups differ after a continuous variable?
Analysis of variance
Logistic regression
Cox regression
Chi-square test of association
77
What can be expected about the mean age at death in large samples taken from an older-aged population?
Platykurtotic distribution
Right-skewed distribution
Normal distribution
Left-skewed distribution
