What is the structure of a phospholipid comprised of?

glycerol, phosphate group, two fatty acid chains

The technique called FRAP detects:

lateral diffusion and mobility of the membrane components

Which of the following can provide the best-detailed structure of a protein?

crystallography/x-ray diffraction

What determines resting membrane potential?

Na/K ATPase pump, K+ leak channels

Which of the following is TRUE about the association of Protein P and molecule L.

At equilibrium, association rate = dissociation rate.

Which factor doesn't affect membrane permeability?

Polarity of membrane phospholipids

Which of the following is a hydrogen bond?

The attraction of a +H in one water molecule and -O of another

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein?

Attractions are present between alpha-helices & B- pleated sheets

substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in H2O, proton acceptor

Which are covalently bonded to the α-carbon of an amino acid?

carboxyl group, R-group, hydrogen

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SPRING 2022: 3134 Final Exam

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Questions 93

Answers

1
What type of bond connects the glycerol head with the fatty acid tails in a phospholipid?
Glycosidic linkage
Ester linkage
Hydrophobic bond
Peptide bond
2
Which of the following is used to understand basic molecular biology processes like gene expression.
E. coli
M. musculus
C. elegans
D. melanogaster
3
How many covalent bonds can this atom form?
7
1
4
2
4
Which type of bond is the strongest in a vacuum than in water?
Metallic
Ionic
Covalent
Ionic and Covalent (they're the same strength)
5
What is the structure of a phospholipid comprised of?
multiple phosphate groups and a triglyceride
glyceraldehyde and phosphate groups
phosphate group and fatty acid chains
glycerol, phosphate group, two fatty acid chains
6
What type of transport occurs via Na/K ATPase pump
active transport, symport
facilitated diffusion, symport
facilitated diffusion, uniport
active transport, antiport
7
Which types of amino acid sidechains point toward the center of this cytosolic protein?
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
8
Which of the following is not an example of vesicular trafficking?
golgi to plasma membrane
golgi to er
plasma membrane to endosome
er to mitochondria
9
cholesterol increases permeability of plasma membrane to hydrophobic molecules
False
True
10
Enzymes work by
Raising the temperature
Lowering the pH
Lowering activation energy
Increasing Substrate concentration
11
How many single covalent bonds can carbon atoms form
2
none
4
8
12
which molecules will not require help across the membrane?
nonpolar
carbohydrates
hydrophobic
small
13
What kind of receptors are GPCRs and RTKs?
intracellular
cell-surface
14
The characteristics of the sidechain determines the _______ of the protein.
hydrophobic tendency
hydrophilic tendency
function
3D shape
15
The technique called FRAP detects:
Rate of new phospholipid formation
Rate of substances in and out of the membrane
Rate of proteins added to membrane
lateral diffusion and mobility of the membrane components
16
A methyl functional group has what chemical formula?
=O
-CH3
-SH
-OH
17
Which of the following can provide the best-detailed structure of a protein?
scanning electron microscopy
brightfield microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
crystallography/x-ray diffraction
18
What determines resting membrane potential?
Na/K ATPase pump
K+ leak channels
Non-diffusible ions
Na+ leak channels
19
A lipid bilayer in an aqueous solution is in its most energetically-favorable form as a flat sheet.
True
False
20
Hydrogen bonding is a covalent bond in molecule of hydrogen
False
True
21
D. rerio is a model organism that is used as a model plant.
True
False
22
Which of the following is TRUE about the association of Protein P and molecule L.
At equilibrium, association rate = dissociation rate.
At equilibrium, no molecules of L bind to P
At equilibrium, no molecules of PL dissociate into free P and L
At equilibrium, [P] = [PL]
23
Which factor doesn't affect membrane permeability?
Temperature
Organic solvents
Amount of cholesterol in the bilayer
Polarity of membrane phospholipids
24
Nuclear pores allow any molecules to diffuse into the nucleus.
True
False
25
All proteins imported into the ER remain membrane-bound.
True
False
26
ligands bind non-covalently and reversibly
False
True
27
The protein coat of a vesicle shapes the membrane into a bud.
True
False
28
Which of the following is a hydrogen bond?
Bond between C and O in CO2.
Bond between Na+ and Cl-.
Peptide bond between amino acids
The attraction of a +H in one water molecule and -O of another
29
Proteins need to be unfolded to enter the mitochondria and ER.
False
True
30
A tertiary structure
is a functional protein
folds due to characterisitics of R group
all of the above
is 3 dimensional
31
A high concentration of H₃O⁺ ions produces a high pH value.
False
True
32
Describe the tertiary structure of a protein?
Attractions are present between alpha-helices & B- pleated sheets
Consists of more than one amino acid chain
A sequence of a chain of amino acids.
Sequence of amino acids linked by hydrogen bonds.
33
Identify the functional group
Sulfhydryl
Hydroxyl
Phosphate
Amino
34
In a FRAP experiment, the photobleached molecules recover their fluorescence faster when placed in a high temperature.
True
False
35
Covalent bonds have the shortest length
False
True
36
What type of transport occurs via Na-glucose pump
facilitated diffusion, uniport
active transport, antiport
active transport, symport
facilitated diffusion, symport
37
CH3 groups are hydrophobic and COOH groups are hydrophilic
False
True
38
Hydrophobic substances are
polar and repel water
non-polar and repel water
non-polar and attract water
polar and attract water
39
what defines a base?
substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in H2O
none of the above
an acid that does not dissolve completely
proton acceptor
40
Which of the Following is a Transmembrane Protein?
Actin
Collagen
Integrin
Fibronectin
41
What type of transport occurs via K+ leak channels
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
bulk transport
42
This molecule is a--
polysaccharide
unsaturated fatty acid
amino acid
saturated fatty acid
43
Which are involved in signaling through the Gq pathway?
RTK
IP3
PLC-B
Calcium
44
Reaction of peptide bond formation is known as ...
condensation
oxidation
hydrogenation
hydrolysis
45
A(n) ____ inhibitor has a structure similar to the substrate and reverisbly binds to the active site of the enzyme
Uncompetitive
Irreversible
Competitive
Noncompetitive
46
Which structure is a glycolipid?
the white circular structures
the yellow lines between the white structures
the green strings
the large pale green structures
47
Which are covalently bonded to the α-carbon of an amino acid?
hydroxyl group
carboxyl group
R-group
hydrogen
48
What bonds are specific to secondary structural elements in proteins?
ionic
covalent
hydrogen
disulfide
49
This molecule is overall
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
50
What kind of signal sequence would an RTK need to be trafficked to its proper destination?
ER signal sequence
NLS
does not need a signal sequence
plasma membrane signal sequence
51
What structures would be affected if the primary structure of a protein was mutated
primary
secondary
tertiary
52
A covalent bond is likely to be polar when
One of 2 atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative
The 2 atoms sharing electrons are different elements
The two atoms sharing ecetrons are equally electronegative
Oxygen is one of the 2 atoms sharing electrons
53
Membrane potential exists as a consequence of:
the presence of voltage-gated channels
a slight excess of negative charge inside the cell membrane
the direct activity of the sodium potassium ATPase
the high concentration of sodium outside the cell
54
Which K value(s) represents the stronger association between protein and ligand?
a high Ka
a high Kd
a low Ka
a low Kd
55
An increase in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids makes the membrane more
rigid
flexible
56
Different ‘parts’ of a protein that fold independently into separate and stable structures and are known as
beta-sheets
alpha-helices
protein domains
protein subunits
57
What is the function of porins in a cell?
Transport charged/polar/large molecules across the membrane
To allow cell to cell attachment
Transport neutral/uncharged/non-polar molecules across the m
Cell recognition by the immune system
58
Name the functional group
Aldehyde
Amine
Alcohol
Amide
59
What would be the conclusion of the FRAP experiment if the bleached area stayed bleached?
The plasma membrane is not fluid.
Cholesterol increases fluidity of the plasma membrane.
Fluorescence cannot be reintroduced to bleached cells.
Proteins are able to move freely within the plasma membrane.
60
What type of microscopy was used to generate this image?
light microscopy
electron microscopy
61
Competitive inhibitors bind to enzymes at the ________________ site.
allosteric
active
62
The N-terminus has
Amino group
Carboxyl group
deoxyribose
no idea
63
Peptide bond
The covalent bond formed between the amino acids
None of these
A protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
Another way of saying amino acids
64
Phosphatase
Has nothing to do with phosphate
Removes Phosphate group from a protien
Adds Phosphate group from a protein
Phosphate dosent exist
65
Which are involved in signaling through the Gs pathway?
PKA
cAMP
GPCR
Ras
66
Identify the functional group
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Sulfhydryl
Methyl
67
Hydrophobic amino acids cause that area of the protein to fold...
away from water
towards acids
away from acids
towards water
68
Which protein structure is when the a-helices and B-sheets of the polypeptide backbone are created
Primary
Secondary
Quaternary
Tertiary
69
Which model organism is used to study the cell cycle?
E. coli
S. cerevisiae
D. melanogaster
M. musculus
70
A transmembrane domain in a protein is characterized by:
beta pleated sheets
ribbon-like structures
alpha helices
lots of basic and acidic residues!
71
Identify the functional group
Carbonyl
Amino
Carboxyl
Hydroxyl
72
Which of the following is not inside a lysosome
lipase
ligase
protease
proteosome
73
Polar bonds share electrons _______.
Equally
Unequally
74
A hydrogen bond is between the hydrogen of NH₂ and the oxygen of CO
False
True
75
this image represents...
transmission electron
scanning electron
76
How is a peptide bond broken?
condensation reaction
hydrolysis
adding water to the bond
dehydration synthesis
77
A protein is synthesized from N-Terminus to C-terminus
False
True
78
Name the functional group
Carbonyl
Methyl
Carboxyl
Ester
79
Acids are substances that tend to __ a proton (H+ cation), while bases tend to a ___ protons
find
Lose, gain
restore
Gain, lose
80
The carbohydrate portion of a glycolipid is found facing the ER lumen
False
True
81
As the hydronium ion concentration of a solution increases, the pH value of the solution
increases
decreases
82
What are the orientations of the amino acid sidechains in a beta-sheet?
below the face of the β-sheet
above the face of the β-sheet
between the β-strands of (thus connecting the strands to form) the β-sheet
83
Transmembrane proteins
are typically exposed only to one side of the membrane
cannot contain α helix that interacts with membrane interior
contain a hydrophobic region
cannot contain β sheet that interacts with membrane interior
84
Porins are aqueous channels in the outer membrane of mitochondria.
False
True
85
Bromelain is an enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds, also found in pineapple. Which of the following is bromelain
protease
polymerase
phosphatase
kinase
86
Dynamin is defined as
Protein that uses energy from GTP hydrolysis to pinch off the vesicle
Protein that allows for the formation of a sphere/vesicle
None are correct
Protein that binds the cargo/receptor protein complex
87
A GPCR is NOT a GTP-binding protein (G protein).
True
False
88
A glycolipid is
A protein added onto a lipid
A nucleic acid added onto a lipid
A carbohydrate added onto a lipid
A lipid that has been modified at by the mitochondria
89
Intermediate filaments...
produces microtubules
aid in production of proteins and lipids
divide DNA during cell division
ropelike part of the cytoskeleton used for support and shape
90
A phosphorylated protein is always considered to be inactive, or ‘OFF’.
True
False
91
v-snares of a vesicle help _____ during fusion
all of the above
tethering protein to dock on target
displace the water layer of the membrane
rab protein bind to tethering protein
92
Which model organism was used to determine the concepts of classical genetics?
flower plant
fruit fly
worm
bacteria
93
The absence of a signal will locate a protein to the cytosol
True
False

SPRING 2022: 3134 Final Exam Flashcards | StudBud