From a research ethics standpoint, what makes Venkman's treatment of the male participant especially problematic?

He administered electric shocks despite correct answers

What does the methodology section of a research report usually include?

A detailed description of how the study was conducted

According to the utilitarian approach to ethical analysis, when is a research method considered ethical?

When the benefits to the majority outweigh the harms to a few

What is the main advantage of using a well-developed research design model?

Helps researchers anticipate challenges and organize the study effectively

What is the most apparent ethical issue with Peter Venkman’s ESP experiment in Ghostbusters?

He showed clear bias and favoritism toward one participant

What characterizes empirical research as discussed in the textbook?

It relies on observation and experience as the source of knowledge

Which of the following best describes a population in research terms?

The entire group a researcher is interested in studying

What is the primary purpose of theory in research?

To explain, predict, and understand phenomena

What is the role of a hypothesis in quantitative research?

To state a testable prediction about relationships between variables

What is the key ethical concern with deception by commission in research?

It involves knowingly lying to participants about key parts of the research

Which of the following best describes a methodological flaw in Venkman’s ESP study?

He did not use proper controls or objective feedback mechanisms

Why is sample size important in research?

It affects the generalizability and reliability of the results

Why is the sample used in the Stanford Prison Experiment considered a limitation to the study’s generalizability?

It consisted entirely of young, middle-class, white male college students

Why is operationalization important in the research process?

It translates abstract constructs into measurable variables

Which of the following best defines a variable in empirical research?

A characteristic or condition that can change or be manipulated

What does internal validity refer to in research design?

Degree to which the research accurately establishes causal relationships

Why is clarity of language especially important in a research report?

It allows readers to accurately understand and evaluate the research

What distinguishes qualitative methods from quantitative methods in empirical research?

Qualitative meaning and context; quantitative is numerical data & analysis

What is the primary goal of a research design?

To provide a clear plan for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data

Why is a conceptual framework important in research design?

It outlines key concepts and shows how they relate to each other

What is the main difference between morals and ethics as discussed in the text?

Morals define right and wrong; ethics involve study and applying standards

Which of the following best defines a construct in research?

An abstract idea or concept that is specifically defined for study

Which of the following is a primary ethical concern associated with the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Psychological harm inflicted due to no informed consent and intervention

What is one major strength of experimental designs in empirical research?

They allow researchers to infer causal relationships between variables

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Final Res Methods Quiz!

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Questions 27

Answers

1
From a research ethics standpoint, what makes Venkman's treatment of the male participant especially problematic?
He asked leading questions that influenced the answers
He administered electric shocks despite correct answers
He disclosed confidential information about the participant
He paid the participant to fabricate results
2
What does the methodology section of a research report usually include?
A summary of results and interpretations
A detailed description of how the study was conducted
A list of recommended readings
A justification for ethical misconduct
3
According to the utilitarian approach to ethical analysis, when is a research method considered ethical?
When the researcher does not use deception
When the benefits to the majority outweigh the harms to a few
When the study avoids any use of participant data
When the research is funded by a credible organization
4
What is the main advantage of using a well-developed research design model?
Helps researchers anticipate challenges and organize the study effectively
It ensures that results will be statistically significant
It reduces the number of participants needed
It replaces the need for data interpretation
5
What is the most apparent ethical issue with Peter Venkman’s ESP experiment in Ghostbusters?
He manipulated the data to confirm his hypothesis
He failed to obtain informed consent from the participants
He showed clear bias and favoritism toward one participant
He physically harmed participants during the experiment
6
What characterizes empirical research as discussed in the textbook?
It excludes the use of hypotheses
It focuses only on historical documents
It relies on observation and experience as the source of knowledge
It is based entirely on theory and logic
7
Which of the following best describes a population in research terms?
Only individuals who respond to a survey
The entire group a researcher is interested in studying
The people who are easiest to access for data collection
A random group of people selected for a study
8
What is the primary purpose of theory in research?
To guarantee statistically significant results
To provide personal opinions of researchers
To summarize historical data
To explain, predict, and understand phenomena
9
What is the role of a hypothesis in quantitative research?
To ensure data is collected ethically
To provide a narrative explanation of participant experiences
To state a testable prediction about relationships between variables
To eliminate the need for statistical analysis
10
What is the key ethical concern with deception by commission in research?
It involves knowingly lying to participants about key parts of the research
It always violates federal law
It is only a concern in non-academic settings
It is acceptable if the study is anonymous
11
Which of the following best describes a methodological flaw in Venkman’s ESP study?
He recorded participant responses with high interrater reliability
He used a randomized double-blind design
He replicated the study using a large, diverse sample
He did not use proper controls or objective feedback mechanisms
12
In which section are charts, tables, and statistical tests most commonly found?
Literature Review
Results
Abstract
Introduction
13
Which of the following is not typically one of the components of a research design model discussed in the chapter?
Sampling plan
Marketing strategy
Theoretical framework
Data analysis plan
14
Why is sample size important in research?
Larger samples always guarantee more ethical studies
Smaller samples are always more accurate
It affects the generalizability and reliability of the results
It determines the order of data collection
15
Why is the sample used in the Stanford Prison Experiment considered a limitation to the study’s generalizability?
It consisted entirely of young, middle-class, white male college students
The participants had previous military experience
The sample was selected from multiple countries
It was too large and unmanageable
16
Why is operationalization important in the research process?
It translates abstract constructs into measurable variables
It determines the ethical standards for the study
It removes all ambiguity from research questions
It ensures that the research is conducted quickly
17
Which of the following best defines a variable in empirical research?
A characteristic or condition that can change or be manipulated
A fixed point of reference for comparison
A random value with no significance to the study
A theoretical concept that cannot be observed
18
What does internal validity refer to in research design?
The appropriateness of the statistical methods used
The ethics of the research procedures
Degree to which the research accurately establishes causal relationships
The extent to which results can be generalized beyond the study
19
Why is clarity of language especially important in a research report?
It fulfills a journal’s formatting requirements
It allows readers to accurately understand and evaluate the research
It ensures the report will be published
It allows the use of more technical jargon
20
What distinguishes qualitative methods from quantitative methods in empirical research?
Qualitative methods rely exclusively on experiments
Quantitative methods are always more accurate
Qualitative methods use more charts and graphs
Qualitative meaning and context; quantitative is numerical data & analysis
21
What is the primary goal of a research design?
To identify funding sources for the study
To provide a clear plan for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data
To increase the length of the literature review
To promote one theory over others
22
Why is a conceptual framework important in research design?
It provides the bibliography of the study
It ensures the study is published in a journal
It outlines key concepts and shows how they relate to each other
It contains raw data and tables
23
Which section of a research report typically provides the background and rationale for the study?
Appendices
Introduction
Results
Methodology
24
What is the main difference between morals and ethics as discussed in the text?
Morals are situational, while ethics are universal
Morals define right and wrong; ethics involve study and applying standards
Ethics apply only to business situations
Ethics are about personal values, while morals are about professional codes
25
Which of the following best defines a construct in research?
An abstract idea or concept that is specifically defined for study
A factual observation about behavior
A method of collecting survey data
A fixed variable that cannot be changed
26
Which of the following is a primary ethical concern associated with the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Psychological harm inflicted due to no informed consent and intervention
The failure to publish results in a peer-reviewed journal
The use of deception to manipulate participant behavior
The lack of a statistically significant sample size
27
What is one major strength of experimental designs in empirical research?
They allow researchers to infer causal relationships between variables
They eliminate the need for statistical testing
They require fewer ethical considerations
They are always cheaper than other methods

Final Res Methods Quiz! Flashcards | StudBud