a decline in the power of the Catholic Church

Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for state

Achievements of Medieval Europe

location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea

classical cultures of Greece, Rome were revived and imitated

Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses

growth of trade and towns in western Europe

the importance of the individual

Interest in Asian cultures increased.

printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it

the importance of the individual

Europeans increased trade with China

traders and pilgrims during Pax Mongolia

challenge the authority of the Catholic Church

had wealth gained from trade with Constantinople

shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation

Characteristics of Feudal Europe

insurance companies and joint stock companies

Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.

Galileo published information about a heliocentric universe

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European Middle Ages, Crusades, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation

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Questions compiled from New York State Regents Exams on The Middle Ages, Crusades, Renaissance, and Protestant Reformation

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Questions 112

Answers

1
44
beginnings of communism
development of industrialization
establishment of democracy
spread of ideas
2
1
an increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England
a major conflict among Eastern Orthodox Christians
the growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe
a decline in the power of the Catholic Church
3
43
Leaders must always act for the common good
Pleasing all of the people at any given time is possible
The general public always acts in its own best interest
Leaders may use any method to achieve what is best for state
4
99
promote openness in government
learn and follow the commandments of the church
establish and maintain power
seek the approval of the people
5
54
Changes Resulting from the Counter Reformation
Improvements Under the Tokugawa
Achievements of Medieval Europe
Developments in Ancient Ghana
6
75
the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia
exploration and trade
important military expeditions
movements for political freedom
7
69
feudalism
tribute
capitalism
bartering
8
35
reduction in religious wars
decline in religious unity
increase in the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church
increased power of the Catholic pope
9
101
Rules for Guild Membership
Role of the Church
Feudal Obligations
Knights' Code of Chivalry
10
92
inquisition
nobility
military
church
11
65
the development of capitalism
an increased reliance on bartering
the destruction of the papacy
a decline in the spice trade
12
95
ease of travel on the Northern European Plain
navigable waters of the Danube River
mountainous terrain of the Alps
location near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea
13
87
major language of the people became Latin
manor became the center of economic activity
classical cultures of Greece, Rome were revived and imitated
Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe
14
46
Democracy in the Middle East grew.
Europe's population severely declined.
Slavery was eliminated.
Cultural diffusion increased.
15
96
German cities establishing the Hanseatic League
King John signing the Magna Carta
Pope Urban II calling for the Crusades
Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses
16
6
Mercator map projection
triangular sail
movable-type printing press
magnetic compass
17
58
capitalism
communism
manorialism
socialism
18
80
system of social equality
unified central government
geographic location
isolationist economic policies
19
23
overseas trade
a stable workforce
an educated citizenry
religious uniformity
20
45
Mughal
Roman
Byzantine
Ottoman
21
24
control of Jerusalem by Europeans
fall of the Ming dynasty
growth of trade and towns in western Europe
development of Pax Mongolia
22
111
John Wycliffe
Henry VIII
John Calvin
Martin Luther
23
67
family life
politics
economic undertakings
scholarship
24
19
self-sufficiency
political theories
the importance of the individual
the affairs of the church
25
53
Colonies were established in Japan.
Africa remained isolated.
Ottoman power decreased.
Interest in Asian cultures increased.
26
33
absolutism
humanism
communism
scholasticism
27
57
installing statues of saints in churches
saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
increasing the sale of indulgences
printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it
28
20
the affairs of the church
self-sufficiency
the importance of the individual
political theories
29
100
land
gold and silver
sugar and spices
livestock
30
8
Christianity rapidly spread throughout the Yuan Empire.
The principle of divine right was introduced to China.
Europeans increased trade with China
the Chinese began construction of the Great Wall.
31
107
rural farms
mountainous areas
urban areas
remote villages
32
26
iron ore
fertile soil
coastal locations
gold mines
33
36
sailors during Viking raids
traders and pilgrims during Pax Mongolia
missionaries during the European Age of Exploration
enslaved Africans on the Middle Passage
34
90
the three-field system
slash-and-burn agriculture
modern irrigation methods
the enclosure movement
35
76
improvements in medical science
decrease in anti-Semitism
overseas exploration
labor shortages
36
66
caused the Thirty Years War
helped to unify Christendom
challenge the authority of the Catholic Church
emphasize the importance of the Bible
37
102
religious salvation
individualism
technological advancements
absolutism
38
17
Glorious Revolution
Age of Pericles
Age of Reason
Commercial Revolution
39
61
trade across the Sahara
exploration of the Western Hemisphere
trade with Asia
conquest of Japan
40
108
had wealth gained from trade with Constantinople
prevented guilds from functioning
rejected the power of the papacy
were unified by Garibaldi
41
13
paper currency
astrolabe
printing press
caravel
42
10
brought religious unity to Europe
ended the Glorious Revolution
expanded the importance of the Orthodox Church
shaped the Reformation and the Counter Reformation
43
49
Enlightenment
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
Age of Absolutism
44
3
an absolute monarchy
a theocracy
a limited monarchy
a dictatorship
45
68
Characteristics of Feudal Europe
Results of the Spanish Reconquista
Outcomes of the Glorious Revolution
Essential Traits of the Italian City-States
46
109
systems based on bartering
rules that forbid loans to the wealthy
quotas to control production
insurance companies and joint stock companies
47
31
from Europe to the Americas
from Asia to Europe
from the Americas to Asia
from Africa to Southeast Asia
48
51
The Catholic Counter-Reformation begins.
Martin Luther posts the Ninety-five Theses.
The power of the Roman Catholic Church decreases.
Religious unity declines throughout Europe.
49
89
Roman Empire collapsed
city of Constantinople fell
Renaissance began
Mongols invaded
50
29
Emperors used the Twelve Tables to bring about Pax Romana
Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope
Gothic cathedrals became the focal point of town activities
Galileo published information about a heliocentric universe
51
28
equality and justice for all
government regulation of the economy
the expansion of church authority
the use of political power
52
25
Muslims attacked and conquered Constantinople.
Most Muslims converted to Christianity.
Many Muslims visited Europe for luxury goods.
Muslims defended Jerusalem because it was sacred to them.
53
47
Age of Reason
Puritan Revolution
Crusades
Protestant Reformation
54
40
end of religious warfare
decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
posting of the Ninety-five Theses
sale of indulgences
55
27
A shortage of workers developed.
The rate of urbanization increased.
German states dominated trade in the eastern Mediterranean.
Food crops had to be imported from the Americas.
56
106
Reconquista of Spain conducted by Ferdinand and Isabella
establishment of the Jesuit order under Ignatius Loyola
death sentence given to Joan of Arc
passage of the Act of Supremacy under Henry VIII
57
105
Manorialism developed to meet the people's economic needs.
People adopted humanism and questioned the Church.
A centralized government provided law and order.
A standardized currency promoted international trade.
58
79
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
sponsoring explorations to the Middle East
allowing the Bible to be printed and given to people
59
63
decrease in the size of the middle class
expansion of the manor system
wider use of the barter system
development of financial institutions
60
34
nationalism
humanism
multiculturalism
monasticism
61
97
encouraging the introduction of new types of crops
sparking the ideas of socialism and reform
causing production to decline and prices to rise
destroying the guild system
62
9
People should withdraw from world and study religion
Governments should establish overseas empires
People should study religion and other nonreligious subjects
Scholars should study life after death
63
22
Greek ideas
Gothic architecture
the Four Noble Truths
Chinese pagodas
64
7
Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew
Feudalism began in western Europe.
Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace.
Muslim control of Jerusalem ended.
65
81
number of slaves owned
amount of money earned
level of education achieved
amount of land possessed
66
88
Protestant Reformation
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
Crusades
67
110
Reconquista
Glorious Revolution
trans-Atlantic slave trade
Protestant Reformation
68
60
increase competition
regulate the money supply
standardize goods and prices
obtain better working conditions in factories
69
39
merchants supported the Green Revolution
farmers produced great food surpluses on vast plains
many European scholars had migrated to this area
Italian city-states grew wealthy from trade with Asia
70
41
development of feudalism
decline of communism
increase in the power of the guilds
rise of capitalism
71
104
dependence on slaves to produce manufactured goods
invasions by nomadic peoples from Central Asia
demands for religious freedom by Christians
long periods of drought that led to isolation
72
62
living apart from the world and taking monastic vows
investigating areas of interest, fulfilling one's potential
training as a knight and practicing chivalry
obeying divine right monarches and the church
73
38
allows advisors to speak their minds
keeps taxes and food prices low
encourages education and the arts
does what is necessary to stay in power
74
15
Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia
Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East
Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem
Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe
75
42
new forms of business were developed
socialism was introduced to Europe
the barter system was instituted
subsistence agriculture was promoted
76
64
European colonial policies
new agricultural practices
the resurgence of trade
Chinese overseas exploration
77
74
the development of more towns and cities
a decline in rivalries between kings
lower living standards for guild members
an increase in the number of self-sufficient manors
78
72
The law should be subject to the will of the leader.
Human rights should be respected in all countries.
Markets should operate with
Democratic principles should be followed faithfully.
79
93
Commercial
Agrarian
Scientific
Glorious
80
56
church
military
legislature
monarchy
81
21
William Shakespeare
Niccolo Machiavelli
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Gutenberg
82
14
Oligarchy
Democracy
Feudalism
Absolutism
83
50
economic decline
colonization of the Americas
increase in trade
development of the manorial system
84
71
attempts made to reclaim the Holy Land
fall of the Ottoman Empire
end of religious unity in Europe
establishment of parliamentary democracy in Britain
85
73
establish markets for Italian merchants
secure access to Christian holy sites in Jerusalem
halt the advance of Mongol armies in the Asian steppes
rescue Pope Urban II from the Byzantines
86
98
dominated key Mediterranean trade routes
were unified as a nation under the Pope
were unaffected by the Commercial Revolution
defeated the Spanish Armada
87
18
economic equality for all
a representative government
an exchange of land for services
protection of individual rights
88
5
Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague
The interaction of people spread the plague.
The plague primarily affected China.
The plague started in western Europe
89
52
Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were rejected.
Secular achievements were emphasized.
Most literature was written in Arabic.
Suffrage was granted to men and women.
90
16
disagreed with the sale of indulgences
blamed the church for not curing people who had the plague
thought the church lacked structure
believed that kings should have more power to appoint clergy
91
112
medieval period
Pax Romana
Age of Exploration
Enlightenment
92
11
Hellenistic Period
Renaissance
Early Middle Ages
Industrial Revolution
93
83
Trade increased between China and Europe.
China was isolated from other countries.
The Chinese forced the Europeans to trade only in Peking.
The Silk Roads replaced the all-water route to Asia.
94
77
A person's life on Earth is merely preparation for afterlife
God selects those to be saved.
People have potential and can improve themselves by learning
The pope expresses the ultimate word of God.
95
4
access to important trade routes
occupation by foreign powers
interaction with Latin America
surplus of porcelain from Japan
96
86
caste system of India
encomienda system of Latin America
civil service system of China during the Tang dynasty
guild system of Europe in the Middle Ages
97
32
the disbanding of the Jesuit order
fewer challenges to Church authority
a weakening of the Inquisition
a decline in religious unity in western Europe
98
85
Enlightenment
French Revolution
Early Middle Ages
Renaissance
99
55
development of the astrolabe
improvements to the printing press
introduction of the telegraph
creation of the telescope
100
48
holy war between Christians and Muslims
division of political power between three separate branches
system where land is exchanged for military service, loyalty
process in which goods are traded for other goods
101
70
an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism, individualism
reliance on the Pope and his knights to maintain stability
a way of thinking stressing humility and Christian faith
a shift in production from domestic system to factory system
102
103
It encouraged nationalism.
It followed trade routes.
It was restricted to rural areas.
It increased agricultural production.
103
37
reviving and preserving learning
promoting social mobility
serving the spiritual needs of society
maintaining economic self-sufficiency
104
30
provided capital resources to merchants for investment
created pensions for retired workers
allowed peasant farmers to finance construction of new homes
enabled the proletariat to challenge the bourgeoisie
105
84
an end to Christian unity
fewer violent outbreaks between ethnic groups
better relations between peasants and merchants
a strengthening of economic unity
106
82
growth of the Maya Empire
rise of Charlemagne
effects of the barter system
impact of the Crusades
107
94
call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul III
passage of the Act of Supremacy in England
revolt by the Moors in Spain
corruption among high officials of the Catholic Church
108
2
near grasslands
in the mountains
along waterways
on the tundra
109
42
Agricultural
Scientific
Industrial
Commercial
110
12
argued against the establishment of a theocratic state
protested against the ideas of the Enlightenment
challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church
died during the Reign of Terror
111
78
compass
printing press
wheel
astrolabe
112
59
Early Middle Ages
European Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
Hellenistic Golden Age

European Middle Ages, Crusades, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation Flashcards | StudBud