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CB Final Exam
CB Final Exam
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Answers
1
The number of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine protected areas is equal
True
False
2
Empowering local people to obtain legal rights to their land is a way to support conservation in developing countries
False
True
3
We can expect all species to be able to adapt to increased urbanization
False
True
4
A small population is generally defined as <1000 individuals
True
False
5
Bioremediation is when an organism is used to clean up hazardous waste
True
False
6
There are general rules of thumb for the "best practice" for reintroductions
False
True
7
Zoos, aquariums, botanical gardens are examples of in situ conservation
True
False
8
Military land is not considered useful land for conservation efforts
False
True
9
Immigration alone is enough to counter the negative effects of genetic drift
False
True
10
Urban areas can not be restored
False
True
11
Metapopulations are
Multiple populations of species connected by regular disp. of individuals
A single, isolated community of multiple species
A group of individuals in a population that have similar genetic traits
A community of multiple species occupying the same habitat
12
To be classified as a Very Large Marine Protected Area the site has to be > X
10,000 km2
1,000 km2
100 km2
100,000 km2
13
The IUCN Green List is the opposite of the Red List as it lists all species that are of "no concern" to conservationists
True
False
14
What does SLOSS stand for?
Species Location Optimization and Security Strategy
Systematic Landscape Observation and Surveillance Strategy
Sustainable Land Occupation and Stewardship Scheme
Single Large or Several Small
15
The rate of species and populations lost is equivalent across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats
False
True
16
In the equation to calculate allele frequencies in a population, we multiply
None of the above
The number of individuals x allele frequency x 2
The number of breeding individuals X allele frequency x 0.5
The number of individuals X allele frequency
17
Population viability analyses (PVA) are concerned with studying persistence of individual organisms
False
True
18
The majority of rare and endangered spp live on private forested lands in the US
True
False
19
Ecosystem management promotes collaboration between gov't, NGO's, private companies, non-profits
True
False
20
On average, there are 200 populations per species
True
False
21
Reconciliation ecology is the practice of restoring damaged ecosystems to their original state.
True
False
22
There is only one way to calculate background extinction rates
False
True
23
Shade coffee is an example of
Land sharing
Polyculture
Monoculture
Agroforestry
24
A conservation refugee refers to people who are displaced from their land due to habitat degradation
True
False
25
Small + declining population conservation are examples of which conservation approach?
The Hotspot Approach
The Wildnerness Approach
The Endemic Approach
The Species Approach
26
Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases the risk of population/species extinction
Large body size
Slow reproduction
Large geographic range
No prior contact with people
27
Money is the only factor that determines the extent of restoration
False
True
28
Losses outside PA's = losses inside PA's
False
True
29
What is the term for a framework used to compare biodiversity priorities with existing and proposed protected areas?
Habitat evaluation
Gap analysis
Conservation assessment
Ecological monitoring
30
Aldo Leopold was the
first
person to consider the importance of restoration
False
True
31
"Populations are lost proportionally to the amount of habitat lost" stems from what conservation theory
Island Biogeography
Theory of Reserve Design
Habitat Fragmentation Theory
Metapopulation Theory
32
The Florida Panther currently exists in
20% of its historic range
70% of its historic range
15% of its historic range
5% of its historic range
33
Minimum viable populations have to be calculated as 99% chance of survival for 1000 years
False
True
34
RESTOR collects data on only successful conservation projects
True
False
35
The Wildflower Preservation Society was founded by
Edith Robers
Mary Perle Anderson
Percy Ricker
Elizabeth Britton
36
Restoration ecology can only be implemented at a large scale (whole ecosystems)
True
False
37
A reserve system is
A network of parks managed for recreational activities
A system of protected areas managed for conservation purposes
A collection of natural habitats untouched by human activities
A network of wildlife sanctuaries established for scientific research
38
An exception to the SLOSS rule of thumb is
None of the above
Rare species
Including diverse habitats in a reserve system
Preserving small natural features
39
Picking an umbrella species is simple, you pick the most charismatic organism
True
False
40
A census is a repeatable sampling method to estimate the abundance of a population/species in a community
True
False
41
Predation, starvation, and low habitat quality are the main reasons why reintroductions fail
False
True
42
Ecological restoration = restoration ecology
False
True
43
Hard release and soft release refer to
Approaches to habitat monitoring
Different methods of captive breeding
Strategies for reintroducing animals into the wild
Techniques for habitat restoration
44
Yosemite is larger in area than Yellowstone
False
True
45
On average, a species of mammal is predicted to exist for
1 million years
5 million years
10 million years
8 million years
46
Which of the following is NOT one of the problems faced by small populations
Vulnerability to environmental changes
Vulnerability to random changes in demography
Limited genetic diversity
None of the above
47
Post-release monitoring is not a critical step to reintroduction plans
False
True
48
The current extinction event is characterized by a slower rate of species lost than the past 5
True
False
49
Adaptive restoration
Is a strict, linear pathway towards acheiving a goal
Relies on monitoring projects to assess relative success or failure
Does not help us understand an ecosystem better as it alters the ecosystem
None of the above
50
You only need 2 years of monitoring data to draw sound conclusions from PVA's
True
False
51
Biosphere Reserves are managed by
UNEP
WWF
UNESCO
IUCN
52
The
most
important step in planning a restoration project is
Having unlimited funding
Using a team of only ecologists/biologists
Having clearly defined, realistic goals
Knowing exactly how the project will turn out
53
The Florida Panther augmentation project is an example of
ex situ sourcing
in situ sourcing
trophic rewilding
biological control
54
Declaring a species extinct is an exact and speedy process
False
True
55
Habitat corridors are critical for dispersal b/w metapop's AND to provide routes for future climate related migrations
True
False
56
Multi-use areas (V + VI) are not as critical to conservation efforts as I-IV areas
True
False
57
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 R's of designing a PA
Redundancy
Resilience
Representation
Research
58
The Chesapeake Bay is an example of
Ramsar Wetland
An estuarine habitat
Highly polluted ecosystem
All of the above
59
Which of the following is NOT a reason to establish UPA's
To restrict human presence as much as possibel around the PA's
Most protected areas are too smallto protect long term populations of spp.
Many species seasonally migrate in and out of PA's
Many spp require resources outside of protected areas
60
ICDP stands for
Interdisciplinary Conservation and Development Partnership
Integrated Conservation Development Project
International Conservation and Development Program
Integrated Community Development Project
61
Project Greenshore, Fresh Kills Landfill, and dragonfly ponds in Japan are examples of
Trophic rewilding
All of the abovve
Reconciliation ecology
Sustainable agriculture
62
This picture represents
Extinction vortex
Bottleneck effect
The Founder Effect
Adaptive management
63
Land sparing is the intermingling of low impact human activities with some elements of biodiversity
True
False
64
Reintroducing plant species is typically more successful than reintroducing animal spp.
True
False
65
Acquiring adjacent lands to PA's is not a priority to successful PA management
True
False
66
There is only 1 type of active restoration
True
False
67
The Clark Fork River is an example of
Ramsar Wetland
A superfund site
UNESCO World Heritage Site
A protected wildlife sanctuary
68
Population size, density, age structure, sex ratio, birth and death rates are examples of
Ecological dynamics
Community interactions
Biotic factors
Demographic parameters
69
Effective PA management includes
All of the above
Taking local (human) populations into consideration
Obtaining consistent a long term funding
Considering the future impact of climate change
70
Species distribution, biotic/abiotic interactions, genetics, and behaviors are all examples of
Natural history traits
Population dynamics
Trophic levels
Demographic parameters
71
Adaptive management is a linear process that does not provide feedback for continued evaluation
True
False
