PSYC Chapter 12 Key Terms

conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group

People to form social networks, relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar

when individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group

evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

assumptions about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristic

tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

improved performance when an audience is watching versus when the individual performs the behavior alone

ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

type of love occurring when intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present

tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group

process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication

type of love consisting of intimacy and passion, but no commitment

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

give and take in relationships

prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based on their sex

Explaining other people’s behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces

behavior that is intended to cause psychological or emotional harm to another person and that takes place online

love consisting of intimacy and commitment, but not passion; associated with close friendships and family relationships

group’s expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members

group that we don’t belong to—one that we view as fundamentally different from us

act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal

Arises from a conflict in a person’s behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that counters to one’s positive self-perception

tendency for individuals to take credit by making internal attributions for positive and situational for negative

prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age

negative attitudes and feelings toward individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group

perspective that behaviors are determined by the immediate environment and surroundings; view by social psychologists

aggression motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain

Persuasion- encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor

negative actions toward individuals as a result of their membership in a particular group

Stanford University conducted an experiment in a mock prison that demonstrated the power of social roles

field of psychology- how people impact or affect each other, with particular focus on the power of the situation

culture that focuses on communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community

strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group

aggression motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain

internal attribute of a person, such as personality traits or temperament

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

treating stereotyped group members according to our biased expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs

Works for a researcher- aware of the experiment, but who acts as a participant; used to manipulate social situations

conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information

change of behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences

logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness

capacity to understand another person’s perspective—to feel what he or she feels

three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on their presence or absence

exertion of less effort by a person working in a group, thus causing performance decline on easy tasks

prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their sexual orientation

Indirect persuasion- (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message

voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

a person, often an adolescent, being treated negatively repeatedly and over time

explanation for the behavior of other people

group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to

humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their race

culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy

seeking out information that supports our stereotypes- ignoring information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes

keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming relationship, with the goal to have benefits over cost

preference for our own group over other groups

person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

group majority influences an individual’s judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate

sharing personal information in relationships

situation in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress

seeking to cause harm or pain to another person

personality psychologists, which asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits