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APES Unit 1 & 2 Midterm Review
APES Unit 1 & 2 Midterm Review
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Intro to APES Unit 1 - Earth Systems Unit 2 - Living World
Flashcards
125 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
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Questions
125
Answers
1
All of the following are components of the atmosphere
EXCEPT
…
Phosphorus
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Nitrogen
2
Which of the following is not a primary pollutant?
Nitrogen oxides
Tropospheric ozone
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Carbon monoxide
3
Name the parts of the earth structure from inside out.
Lithosphere, Core, mantle, crust
Crust, mantle, lithosphere, core
Core, lithosphere, mantle, crust
Mantle, core, crust, lithosphere
4
Which one of these is NOT a part of the Nitrogen Cycle?
Denitrification
Ammonification
Assimilation
Eutrophication
5
In “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Hardin argues when a resource is held __, people tend to _ it.
jointly, deplete
jointly, expand
separately, expand
separately, deplete
6
Which one is not a triple-bottom line goal?
Environmental
Sustainability
Economic
Social
7
All these statements about dealing with threats of volcanoes are true EXCEPT:
Measuring changes in temperature and gas composition
Study of precursors such as changes in the volcano
Better evacuation plans
Examining the igneous rocks near the volcano
8
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Methane
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
9
What type of erosion is pictured?
Stream Bank Erosion
Sheet Erosion
Rill Erosion
Splash Erosion
10
To what environmentalist would the illustrated picture especially concern?
Thomas Malthus
Garrett Hardin
Paul Ehrlich
Rachel Carson
11
What is the equation for Ecosystem Productivity?
NPP = GPP + plant respiration
Plant respiration = GPP + NPP
GPP = NPP - plant respiration
NPP = GPP - plant respiration
12
Darwin’s finches went through which of the following?
Coevolution
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
13
What human activity do humans use to obtain phosphorus?
Extensive cultivation of legumes
Cattle and feedlots
Clear cutting tropical habitats
Biomass burning
14
Which of the following isn’t a trophic level in an ecosystem?
Primary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Primary producer
Secondary producer
15
Why is biodiversity so hard to measure?
Species can be hard to distinguish
Some areas of the world have no life
Many organisms are too big and overlooked
It is not hard to measure biodiversity
16
Soil is a _________ __________
Renewable resource
Fossil fuel
Dead zone
Nonrenewable resource
17
Organisms that undergo photosynthesis are called ___________.
Photoheterotrophs
Photochemotrophs
Biogeophototrophs
Photoautotrophs
18
Which of the following describe the climate in Tropical Rain Forest?
High temperature, high rainfall, high biodiversity
Strong wind, low precipitation, frozen ground
Cold winter, little to no rainfall
Hot dry summer, nutrient poor soils
19
Environmental Science is classified as a _________.
Science Class
Ecological Field
Applied Science
Multi-Disciplinary Field
20
What is NOT an example of a renewable resource?
Ocean
Gasoline
Fresh water
Leather
21
Which layer does weather occur in?
Stratosphere
Mesophere
Troposphere
Ionosphere
22
What type of soil conservation is shown below?
Terracing
Contour farming
Shelterbelts
Intercropping
23
Which of the following factors
do not
influence climate?
Air mass
Angle of Sunlight
Amount of nutrients in soil
Albedo
24
Identify the type of erosion displayed below:
Sheet Erosion
Gully Erosion
Splash Erosion
Rill Erosion
25
From top to bottom, which is in the correct order of the aquifer:
Zone of aeration, Water table, Zone of saturation
Zone of aeration, Zone of Saturation, Water table
Zone of saturation, Water table, Zone of aeration
Water table, Zone of aeration, Zone of saturation
26
Zebra mussels, an invasive species, was introduced to the Great Lakes by:
Ballast water
People to control plankton population
Migration of people/marine animals
Marine debris
27
Who wrote Tragedy of the Commons?
Garret Hardin
Thomas Malthus
Rachel Carson
Charles Darwin
28
What caused the “killer smog” in 1952 London?
Nitrogen reacting in the atmosphere
El Nino
Excess tobacco smoke
Inversion layer that trapped pollutants
29
The Coriolis Effect causes all of the following
EXCEPT
Causes winds to blow from Northern to Southern Hemisphere
Spiral counterclockwise in low pressure
Winds to not travel straight
Spiral clockwise in high pressure
30
In which example of the Tragedy of the Commons is the total productivity reduced?
None of the above
Common C
Common B
Common A
31
How and where are fossils formed?
Appear at the bottom of lakes
Formed through pressure in metamorphic rock formation
Formed through buildup of sediments in sedimentary rock
Preserved by the heat of lava cooling into igneous rock
32
What percent of energy consumed by organisms is passed onto the next trophic level?
5%
20%
50%
10%
33
What are the two forms of Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis
Respiration, Carson Cycle
Virtuous Cycle, Krebs Cycle
Benson Cycle, Chemical Synthesis
34
How does phosphorus runoff affect the food web?
More oxygen killing other aquatic plants
Hinders growth of aquatic organisms
Increases biodiversity
Can’t run off as phosphorus stays solid
35
What is a possible reason for a dramatic increase in ocean temperature?
Decrease in biodiversity
Increase in upwelling
An increase in the Albedo effect
Slowing of ocean circulation
36
What are the layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest altitude?
Stratosphere, troposphere, thermosphere, mesosphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
Thermosphere, traposphere, mesosphere, zenosphere
Stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere, mesosphere
37
Which is NOT an ecosystem service?
Water Purification
Decomposition
Pollination
Infiltration
38
What is this an example of?
Saprotrophism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Amensalism
39
Highest per capita supply of fresh water are in counties with __population and __ precipitation
High, High
High, Low
Low, High
Low, Low
40
Which does NOT contribute to biodiversity loss?
Light pollution
Edge effect
Ballast water
Overfishing
41
_______ receives recharge water directly from the surface
Zone of Saturation
Unconfined Aquifer
Water Table
Confined Aquifer
42
Which of the following facts about the Phosphorus Cycle is true?
Phosphorus runoff is responsible for eutrophication
It exists in the atmosphere as atmospheric deposition
Phosphorus acts as a limiting nutrient
Humans do not usually interact with the phosphorus cycle
43
Which Island described has the highest level of biodiversity?
Small islands that are far
Big island that are close
Big islands that are far
Small islands that the close
44
Which is the correct order of amount of liquid freshwater in increasing order?
Lakes, Rivers, Swamps, Groundwater, Icecaps and glaciers
Rivers, Swamps, Lakes, Groundwater, Icecaps and glaciers
Swamps, Lakes, Rivers, Ice caps and glaciers, Groundwater
Icecaps and glaciers, Groundwater, Lakes, Swamps, Rivers
45
What is temperature inversion?
Cold air is under warm air
Warm air is under cold air
Cold air is under cold air
Warm air and cold air mixes together
46
Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
Plants
Temperature
Rain
Wind
47
What is
NOT
a reason for dramatic increases in ocean temperatures?
Slowing of ocean circulation transporting water
Accelerated global warming
Releases of terrestrial carbon from permafrost regions
Increases in upwelling
48
Which is not an abiotic factor?
Trees
Sun
Water
Wind
49
Which of the answer choices is not the effect of excess nitrogen?
Nitrogen stimulates the growth of algae
Combustion has increased sevenfold of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Ammonia triples, decreases air quality
N2O kills algae decreasing the amount of oxygen in water
50
_____ has the greatest direct impact on the carbon cycle.
The use of fertilizers
Cows releasing methane
The burning of fossil fuels
Overfishing
51
What is an underground reservoir that holds groundwater (½ of earth’s freshwater supply)?
Dam
Aquifer
Well
Groundwater
52
Which of the following is a consequence of biodiversity loss?
Loss of ecosystem services
Global Climate Change
Habitat Alteration
More Greenhouse gas emissions
53
What is the release of water vapor by plants?
Precipitation
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
54
What theory is this and who invented it?
Seafloor Spreading Theory, Harry Hess
Continental Drift Theory, Alfred Wegener
Jigsaw Theory, Richard Coleson
Plate Tectonics Theory, Alfred Wagner
55
What is this a picture of?
Terracing
Intercropping
Xeriscaping
Contour farming
56
What is an effect of excess nitrogen?
Nitrogen fixation
Biomass burning
Acid rain
Fossil fuel combustion
57
Most of the fresh water in the world is located in
Ice caps
Groundwater
Atmospheric pressure
Soil moisture
58
Biodiversity includes which of the following?
All of the above
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Genetic Diversity
59
With each energy exchange, some energy is lost as _____.
Water
Chemical energy
Heat
Biomass
60
Which letter best represents infiltration?
D
B
C
A
61
What is the main use of Earth’s water?
Industry
Recreation
Agriculture
Domestic
62
The correct order of the soil horizons are
OAEBCR
ABCEOR
OEABRC
OEABCR
63
What describes a Hadley cell?
Receives most intense sunlight
Moist around 60 degrees
Dry around 60 degrees
Dry around 30 degrees
64
Rising sea levels can be credited to
Increase in ocean acidification
Thermal expansion of water
Increase in rainfall
Overconsumption of water
65
The ____ horizon is where minerals and organic matter leach out
O horizon
R horizon
C horizon
E horizon
66
Which is an invasive species?
Black beetle
Cane Toad
Rainbow Trout
Rhinos
67
__slows erosion by providing more ground cover and reduces vulnerability of diseases
Crop rotation
Terracing
Intercropping
Contour farming
68
Which of the following are NOT experienced due to population growth?
War
Less Commerce
Disease
Starvation
69
Which one of these is not a property of soil?
Structure
Water Capacity
Texture
Color
70
Flying possum and the flying squirrel both evolved to have gliders, this is an example of what?
Speciation
Convergent Evolution
Gradualism
Coevolution
71
Which pair of characteristics describe an oligotrophic lake?
Heavy aquatic weeds & steep shorelines
Cold and bottom is mostly sand
Deep and water is clear
High oxygen concentration & water is murky
72
The process which various chemicals in top layers of soil dissolve and go to lower soil layers?
Runoff
Salinization
Erosion
Leaching
73
What is the correct order of these organisms in order from lowest to highest trophic level?
Grass, Bunny, Snake, Hawk
Bunny. Hawk, Grass, Snake
Snake, Grass, Hawk, Bunny
Grass, Snake, Hawk, Bunny
74
What type of rock is formed by extreme heat and pressure?
Intrusive Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Extrusive Igneous
75
If your soil is acidic, it will bubble when you add ________.
Fertilizer
Water
Vinegar
Baking soda
76
Which is a limiting factor in soil due to its low concentration and solubility:
Sulfur
Nitrogen
Phorphorous
Carbon
77
Two different species of birds utilizing different parts of a tree is an example of what?
Temporal partitioning
Morphological partitioning
Spatial partitioning
Territorial partitioning
78
What is a the largest known aquifer called?
Oligotrophic Aquifer
Confined Aquifer
Gulf Coastal Plains Aquifer
Ogallala Aquifer
79
Which layer protects humans from UV rays?
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
80
What are the two types of Nitrogen fixation?
Strong fixation, Atmospheric
High energy, Biological
Ammonification, Low fixation
Low energy, Destratification
81
What is the main source of energy in the water cycle?
Solar
Wind
Ocean
Light
82
________ is the rapid speciation to fill specific niches that is driven by natural selection.
Adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution
Punctuated equilibrium
Divergent evolution
83
At what trophic level would a primary consumer be in?
Third Level
First level
Fourth Level
Second Level
84
Which biome has the highest NPP (Net Primary Production)?
Tropical Rainforest
Desert
Open Ocean
Tundra
85
What is CITES?:
Ban the international transport of endangered species bodies
Brings back David Bowie
Protects the habitat of endangered species
Bans DDT from certain countries
86
Identify the type of boundary shown below:
Slide boundary
Convergent boundary
Divergent boundary
Transform boundary
87
Which soil type has the highest porosity?
Silt
Clay
Loam
Sand
88
Which one of the following expresses the environmental impact of an individual or population?
Amount of pollution in the air
Ecological Footprint
Triple Bottom Line
Depletion of natural resources
89
In Which sphere(s) does sulfur exist?
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
All of the above
90
In which atmospheric level does this natural phenomenon take place?
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Magnetosphere
Stratosphere
91
Which is a limiting factor in terrestrial ecosystem?
Amount of water
Salinity
pH
Oxygen in water
92
Name the types of rocks in order (1, 2, 3)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Metamorphic, Igneous, Sedimentary
Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Igneous
93
All food webs and food chains begin with _____.
Primary consumer
Producers
Predators
Secondary consumers
94
What is this layer of the Earth called?
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Crust
Core
95
Which of the following includes all living & nonliving things around us with which we interact?
Environment
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Ecosystem
96
Island Chains are formed at:
Ocean Trenches
Magma Plumes
Hot Spots
Core
97
Name the layers of the Earth from innermost to outermost layer
Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
Mantle, Inner Core, Crust, Outer Core
Inner Core, Mantle, Outer Core, Crust
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
98
Mostly mineral and nutrients and clay with very little organic material. Zone of Accumulation.
A Horizon
B Horizon
O Horizon
C Horizon
99
Materialism and overconsumption best describes which concept
Sustainability
Affluenza
Ecological Footprint
Environmentalism
100
Which of the following is NOT a type of weathering?
Biochemical
Chemical
Biological
Physical
101
Which one of these is NOT a consequence of the aquifers being depleted?
Cities are slowly sinking
Salt water intrusion
The water table drops
An excess amount of desalinization
102
Which of the following are mudslides
NOT
more likely to occur in?
Areas with decreased vegetation
Areas with a dry climate
Areas where landslides have previously occurred
Areas where surface runoff is directed
103
All of these are examples of soil degradation except
Waterlogging
Farming
Structural breakdown
Erosion
104
New land is formed at:
Convergent Boundaries
Divergent Boundaries
Transform Boundaries
Ocean Trenches
105
What is the approach to sustainability satisfies economic, social, and environmental goals?
Sustainable Development
Triple-Bottom Line
Environmentalism
Sustainability
106
Local environment changes around some boundary or edge represents____________
Coriolis Effect
Edge Effect
Urban Development
Modernization
107
Which zone has the highest albedo?
Deserts
Oceans
Snow on mountain tops
Grassy mountain tops
108
What is the most efficient way to preserve water?
Low pressure spray
Drip irrigation
Xeriscaping
Watering at night
109
Largest particles of soil are _____
Silt
Sand
Clay
Loam
110
What is the chemical formula for Ozone?
CO2
O3
O2
N2
111
Which of the following acts was the primary legislation for protecting biodiversity in the U.S?
Endangered Species Act
Clean Air Act
Marine Mammal Protection Act
CITES
112
Which of the following choice
is not
part of Environmental Science ?
History
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
113
Which of the following lists ecosystem levels of organization from broadest to narrowest?
Ecosystems→ biomes→ populations → communities
Biomes→ ecosystems→ communities→ populations
Ecosystems→ biomes→ communities→ populations
Biomes→ ecosystems→ populations→ communities
114
All the following choice are parts of Ecological Footprint
except
:
Built-up Land
Frontier Land
Forest Land
Cropland
115
The aurora borealis occurs in the _______ layer of the atmosphere.
Traposphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
116
Which of the following is not a major process in the water cycle?
Precipitation
Assimilation
Evaporation
Transpiration
117
We are currently undergoing…
A Great Depression
A 5th Mass Extinction
A 6th Mass Extinction
An Existential Crisis
118
Biodiversity attempts to describe diversity at which three levels?
Genetic, Terrestrial, and Ecosystem
Ecosystem, Autotroph, and Heterotroph
Species, Terrestrial, and Natural
Genetic, Species, and Ecosystem
119
What percentage of freshwater is used for agriculture?
3%
70%
30%
65%
120
What theory did Alfred Wegener propose and when?
Plate Tectonics, 1915
Continental Drift, 1915
Tectonic Shift, 1918
Seafloor Spreading, 1960
121
Which of these do not decrease biodiversity?
Disturbance in the habitat (fires, storms, etc.)
Extreme limitations in the supply of a fundamental resource
Extreme environments
Geographic isolation
122
Which characteristic
does not
describe La Nina?
Warm surface water in western Pacific
Easterly winds weaken
Responsible for heavier-than-normal monsoons
Cold water along South American coast
123
What are the 4 types of erosion in order of severity? (Least severe to most severe)
Splash, Sheet, Rill, Gully
Splash, Rill, Gully, Sheet
Splash, Gully, Rill, Sheet
Sheet, Splash, Gully, Rill
124
Hadley cells would most likely be found between the latitude lines of
25° South and 60° South
The Equator and 25° South
30° North and 60° North
25° North and 60° South
125
What could explain fisheries in Southern America suddenly experiencing a decrease in fish
El Nino
La Nina
El hombre
La Nada