Chapter 7 psych (Conlon)

Believed in a false memory of a kidnapping, which turned out to be fabricated by his nurse.

While memorizing a phone number, Lily groups digits as 555-123-4567. What memory strategy is she using?

Named the "testing effect"—retrieving info strengthens memory more than re-studying.

Distinguished between available (stored) and accessible (retrievable) information in memory.

Tidus got out of prison, lost his job, wife, etc, he tried to sue but lost his life from a heart attack

Maya vividly recalls where she was during a big earthquake years ago. What type of memory is this?

To implant false memories they asked families for family photos and photoshopped their picture in a hot air ballon

Emma studied before bed but stayed up all night. Next day, she forgot. Why?

Aiden recalls his 10th birthday party, the games, and the cake. What type of memory is this?

Who is responsible for this diagram

Claimed memory is reconstructive—we blend past details with current beliefs and assumptions

During an experiment, rats forget a maze after brain disruption. What likely got disrupted?

 autobiographical memory, we will focus primarily on the episodic memories of more recent events. 

Lena recalls books in an office that weren’t there because she expected them. What influenced her memory?

Loftus showed a car accident and asked how fast the car was going, then told them the speed and asked what they saw

Found flashbulb memories feel vivid but are often inaccurate or distorted over time.

Loftus & palmer 1974 were responsible for the misinformation effect

Tidus got the newspaper involved and they did not find the R and tidus was not released

They asked about that day in the hot air balloon and no one fell for it

Supported Brewer’s findings that people often recall inferred info as if it were presented.

What is memory?

Jalynn Repeats her grocery list aloud several times to remember, what memory technique is this

Showed how misinformation after events can distort eyewitness memories.

after reading the wifi password hannah remembers it just long enough to enter it on his device which memoey system?

Zoe studied while chewing mint gum and remembered more when chewing it again during the test. This shows:

Found that retrieval can also reinforce errors or false memories over time.

After hearing others say the thief wore red, Sam “remembers” it too—though it was blue. This shows memory is:

Formulated the encoding specificity principle—retrieval works best when cues match encoding.

Liam is confident about his 9/11 memory, but details have changed over time. What does this show?

Anterograde = can’t make new memories. Temporally graded retrograde = recent past is lost, but older memories are safe.

To remember a new term, Lisa connects it to a similar concept she knows. What memory technique is she using?

Argued that memory retrieval is the key process in memory, more crucial than encoding or storage.

Schemas help us structure our memories?

After a stressful event, Jake can’t recall personal info but shows no brain damage. What’s the cause?

Scientists locate changes in brain tissue after learning a new task. What are they likely studying?

Ben knows that Paris is the capital of France, but doesn't remember when he learned it. This is an example of:

in how reliable is your memory a man named tidus was accused of R because he had the same car

Found that cues matching stored associations (like first names) can outperform recognition.

Maya remembers the road trip she took with her family last summer, including the sights and laughs. This is:

Jamie reads a textbook but doesn’t remember the content later. What step of memory processing did he likely skip?

Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new long-term memories after the onset of an injury or trauma.

To remember the list "dog, cat, fish," Ava makes a story about pets going on an adventure. This is an example of:

Consolidation can be disrupted by injury or sleep deprivation memories may not be fully stored and can be lost.

Tim forgot his old locker combo after years. What memory issue is this?

While cooking a new recipe, tom reads instruction, remembers them briefly, and makes the dish, which memory system?

Found that creating distinct and linked memories helps with later retrieval.

with short trem memory it is quickly lost within 20 seconds- unlessed rehearsed?

Emma recalls the capital of France and her birthday clearly. What type of memory is she using?

Sarah can't recall her 5th-grade teacher’s name after 10 years. Why?

James recalls the day he graduated high school (a week ago) and how proud he felt. This is an example of:

Introduced the cue overload principle: too many associations with one cue reduce retrieval.

Memory works like a camera and is a passive replaying of events?

Ella recalls a tragic event clearly, but her version differs from others’. This shows flashbulb memories can:

some did not fall for it and others did and yapped about that fake day

Showed that encoding info by meaning (deep processing) improves memory retention.

it is possible to implant false memories

Emma learns a new password and now can’t recall her old one. What type of memory issue is this?

John read a list quickly but forgot it soon. What likely caused this?

After learning new material, Mia sleeps well and remembers it better the next day. What helped her memory?

Memory is not an active, constructive process?

Identified retroactive interference as a major cause of forgetting.

Mark recognized his old teacher but couldn’t recall her name. Why?

What did Rajan Mahadvean do?

Nina clearly recalls what she wore on the day of a major accident years ago. This is an example of:

Created the DRM paradigm showing how false memories form from word lists.

After a traumatic event, Nora forgets her identity but has no brain injury. What is this?

Found that average adult memory span is about 7 digits, influencing phone number length design.

Declarative memory is the type of long-term memory that involves consciously recalling facts and events.

Demonstrated that creating vivid imagery helps people remember verbal info better.

encoding always involves recoding

Flashbulb memories can be distorted over time?

Before dialing malak repeats a new phone number to herself to keep it in mind. What is this?

Showed that recall can sometimes be more effective than recognition with better-matched cues.

Long-term storage, unlike short-term, is relatively permanent & probably unlimited in capacity?

Found people recalled more when tested in the same environment where they learned info.

After visiting a farm, Max remembers seeing a tractor, though none was there. What shaped his memory?

The victim saw his picture and said he was the CLOSIST- than in trial said he did it

Lily knows the answer but can’t recall it during the test. What’s this called?

Alex studied the material and understood it well, but later couldn’t recall it during the test. What likely failed?

Coined "flashbulb memory" to describe vivid memories of learning shocking or emotional news.

During a test, Leo remembers a fact he studied by visualizing the page it was on. What process is he using?

misinformation effect is shown through

Tara studies in her bedroom and does better on the test when taking it there. What principle does this show?

Used Piaget’s story to show how vivid false memories can form through repeated storytelling.

Temporally graded: forgets recent memories.Retrograde: forgets all past memories, not just recent ones.

Alex hit his head after learning a song and forgot it. What caused this?

Ben uses the same word to remember five things, but can’t recall any. What memory issue is he facing?

Memorized 240 digits using memory strategies, outperforming an audience of students and professors.

Lila uses “apple” as a cue for fruits, colors, and passwords—now she can’t recall any. What’s the problem?

While learning to cook sam relates new recipes to dishes he already knows noting similarities in techniques wat is this

Anna remembers details of a book she read yesterday, but Ben, after brain surgery, can’t recall today’s events. Why?

Sam remembers childhood events but forgets anything that happened after his accident. What does he have?

We recall info better when the context or mental state at retrieval matches how it was during learning.

Studied pragmatic inferences—people falsely remembered implied actions as actually stated.

Discovered retrieval-induced forgetting—retrieving one memory may hinder related ones.

After learning Spanish, Liam struggles to remember the French he studied last year. What’s happening here?

During a meeting, Sarah jots down key points while formulating responses. Which cognitive system enables this multitask?

Chloe remembers her first day at college, including what she wore and how she felt. This is an example of:

After a head injury, Leo remembers his past but can’t form new memories. What’s this called?

Nora knows she studied a term but draws a blank during the quiz, then remembers it later. What failed?

After a head injury, Leo forgets a skill he once knew. This suggests damage to what physical trace of memory?

Medial temporal lobe brain region crucial for forming and organizing new long-term declarative memories facts and events

After hearing a phone number Jake repeats it to himself to remember just long enough to dial. which memory system?

Retrieval failure is when information is stored in long-term memory but cannot be accessed at a specific moment.

Debated memory classification and proposed that different types of memory may rely on each other.

Defined the three stages of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Josh tells his friend the date of the Civil War and his first concert experience. What memory is this?

Liam remembers the clown at a formal funeral because it stood out. What helped him remember it?

Mia pays close attention in class and links new info to what she already knows. What process is she using?

That last question was about Encoding Specificity Principle:

Jake keeps mixing his new phone number with his old one. What's happening?

After a car accident, Josh can’t remember events from right before the crash. What was likely disrupted?

Showed people falsely remember related words that weren’t on studied lists 84% of the time.

Mia met someone at a party but forgot their name minutes later. Why?

Emma studied a poem weeks ago and can still recite it perfectly. What memory process is allowing this?

300 cases have come out not guilty- convicted of false memory implications

Lila can list all the planets in order, but she doesn’t recall where she learned it. What type of memory is this?

After a car crash J can’t remember anything of her life before the crash, but she can make new memories. What is this?

After a fall, Mike remembers his childhood but not the days before the accident. He can form new memories now.

Tina falsely remembers her teacher yelling at her, affecting how she feels about school. This shows false memories: