Idea that physiological needs create arousal, which motivates organism to satisfy the need:

drive-reduction theory of motivation

Negative emotions tend to be linked to ________ , while positive emotions are linked to _______

the right hemisphere; the left hemisphere

Some emotions take "the low road." What does this mean?

some emotions bypass the cortex, go directly to the amygdala

All of the following are ways to increase your happiness except:

seek work that pays the most money

During a crisis, your ANS directs adrenal glands to release stress hormones _____ & _____ .

epinephrine/adrenaline & norepinephrine/noradrenaline

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AP Psych Unit 4 (Myers Ch. 8): Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health

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AP Psychology, Myers textbook, Ch. 8 Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health Review

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Questions 87

Answers

1
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior:
positive reinforcement
incentive
reward
positive punishment
2
True or False: Studies show that males respond at much higher rates than females to pornography
false
true
3
When you need to be aroused, your __________ takes control.
parasympathetic nervous system
brainstem
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
4
Eating disorder; a person diets & becomes significantly underweight, yet continues to feel fat:
binge-eating disorder
bulimia nervosa
obesity
anorexia nervosa
5
At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
self-transcendence needs
physiological needs
safety needs
self-actualization needs
6
Point at which person's weight is supposedly naturally set; body tries to maintain that weight:
set point
basal metabolic rate
optimal weight
homeostasis
7
Idea that physiological needs create arousal, which motivates organism to satisfy the need:
instinct theory
Freudian theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
drive-reduction theory of motivation
8
Negative emotions tend to be linked to ________ , while positive emotions are linked to _______
the limbic system; the endocrine system
the right hemisphere; the left hemisphere
the left hemisphere; the right hemisphere
the brain; the body
9
According to Myers, why do cultures located in hot climates eat/enjoy spicy foods?
spices cure diseases
no one understands why this is
spices inhibit bacteria
this is just a stereotype
10
Researchers have found that happy people have all of the following except...
optimism
children
close, healthy relationships
high self-esteem
11
Eating disorder; episodes or overeating, followed by self-induced vomiting or overexercising:
bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
general adaptation syndrome
anorexia nervosa
12
True or False: Emotions differ more in brain circuit activity than in physiological cues.
True
False
13
The underlying assumption that genes predispose members of species to certain behaviors:
drive-reduction theory
psychoanalysis
instinct theory/evolution
social learning
14
True or False: Like hunger, sexual motivation is influenced by the body, the mind, and culture.
true
false
15
Secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism & you feel full:
ghrelin
leptin
cortisol
glucose
16
Research suggests that _____________ may influence sexual orientation.
intelligence
prenatal hormones
personality
native language
17
Some emotions take "the low road." What does this mean?
some emotions bypass the cortex, go directly to the amygdala
we sometimes feel guilty about our emotional responses
some emotions bypass limbic system, go directly to cortex
we are able to label some emotions very quickly
18
Overeating episodes, followed by feelings of distress, disgust, or guilt; but no purging etc.
apnea
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
19
All of the following are ways to increase your happiness except:
don't link happiness with money
take control of your time
be actively grateful
seek work that pays the most money
20
Term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger & stress-prone people
Type A
Type B
21
True or False: Adolescent females are the most common group to suffer from anorexia nervosa.
true
false
22
Mix of physical arousal, expressive behaviors, and consciously experienced thoughts:
emotion
motivation
needs
drives
23
During a crisis, your ANS directs adrenal glands to release stress hormones _____ & _____ .
glucose; leptin
leptin; ghrelin
epinephrine/adrenaline & norepinephrine/noradrenaline
oxygen; melatonin
24
Emotional release:
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
catharsis
facial feedback
happiness
25
Theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of physiological responses to stimuli:
Cannon-Bard Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
James-Lange Theory
Two-Factor Theory
26
Secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose:
leptin
orexin
insulin
ghrelin
27
Most important of the male sex hormones; both males & females have it, but males have more:
PYY
estrogen
leptin
testosterone
28
True or False: There are examples of homosexual behaviors in non-human species.
True
False
29
When ___________ is low, we feel hunger.
leptin
glucose
oxygen
testosterone
30
Perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves:
relative deprivation
adaptation-level phenomenon
social inequality
cultural bias
31
An individual´s enduring sexual attraction towards members of own sex or opposite sex.
sexual orientation
gender identity
sexual response cycle
sexual motivation
32
"Sister hormone" to ghrelin; sends out fullness signal that suppresses hunger:
leptin
obestatin
PYY
glucose
33
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species & is unlearned:
conditioned stimulus
emotion
instinct
conditioned response
34
Sometimes the thalamus routes sensory input to the ________ for analysis.
hypothalamus
amygdala
occipital lobe
cortex
35
Resting period after orgasm; man cannot achieve another orgasm.
orgasm
plateau
refractory period
excitement
36
Secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain:
orexin
leptin
ghrelin
insulin
37
Integrates behavioral & medical knowledge & applies knowledge to health & disease.
behavioral medicine
health psychology
evolutionary theory
stress
38
Second up from bottom on Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
safety needs
self-esteem needs
belongingness & love needs
physiological needs
39
Form of sugar that circulates in bloom; provides major source of energy for body tissues.
estrogen
glucose
hemoglobin
sucrose
40
Asserts that your heart begins pounding AS you experience fear, not BEFORE:
Two-Factor theory
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Maslow's theory
41
True or False: Teens with higher intelligence more often delay sexual activity.
False
True
42
Tendency to maintain balanced or constant internal state; regulation of body chemistry:
set point
physiological needs
drive-reduction theory
homeostasis
43
Sex hormones (e.x. estradiol) secreted in greater amounts by females than males.
estrogens
orexin
leptin
testosterone
44
A machine used to detect lies; measures several physiological responses accompanying emotion:
EEG
MRI
polygraph
fMRI
45
True or False: Current scientific research suggests that one's sexuality is a choice.
True
False
46
Theory that one's feeling of fear FOLLOWS the body's response to a stimulus:
Cannon-Bard
Drive-Reduction
James-Lange
Two-Factor
47
According to this theory, our emotions have two ingredients: Physical arousal & cognitive label
Drive-Reduction
Cannon-Bard
Schachter-Singer
James-Lange
48
True or False: Research has found no negative impacts of sexually explicit images/video.
False
True
49
True or false: On a diet, fat cells may shrink in size, but their number does not decrease.
true
false
50
True or False: Individuals'sexual desires are impacted by internal & external stimuli.
false
true
51
Arousal following a soccer game can fuel anger, leading to rioting, exemplifies...
the serial position effect
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
the two-factor theory of emotion
the spillover effect
52
Selye's concept of body's adaptive response to stress; phases of alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
sexual response cycle
PYY
anorexia nervosa
53
The emotional control center in the brain's limbic system:
frontal lobe
thalamus
amygdala
medulla
54
Anorexia Nervosa is, perhaps, evidence that ___________ doesn´t always apply:
drive-reduction theory
Maslowś hierarchy of needs
Freudian theory
instinct theory
55
One issue that creates debate around studying emotion is that...
multiple emotions "look" the same but "feel" different
every emotion appears physically distinctive to onlookers
the English language can't name/label every emotion
males & females have completely different emotions
56
A need or desire that energizes & directions behavior:
stress
motivation
arousal
emotion
57
All of the following are generally agreed upon human motivators except:
need to put needs of others before needs of self
need to satisfy sex drive
need to satisfy hunger
need for social belonging
58
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
basal metabolic rate
optimal arousal
set point
basal body temperature
59
True or False: Religion has very little impact on sexual activity.
False
True
60
According to Maslow, if one's biological & safety needs are met, next one seeks to satisfy:
need for social belonging
need to put others before oneself
need to live up to one's fullest potential
increasing self-confidence
61
Brain researcher Simon LeVay found biological differences in the _______ of homo/heterosexuals.
cerebellum
amygdala
hypothalamus
thalamus
62
True or False: Teens who engage in community service projects tend to delay sexual activity.
true
false
63
Clogging of blood vessels that nourish the heart muscle:
cardiac arrest
anorexia
coronary heart disease
stress
64
Hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus:
orexin
ghrelin
neurotransmitter
leptin
65
The process by which we perceive & respond to certain events that we consider to be challenging
microexpressions
stress
emotion
motivation
66
The right hemispheres of homosexual women & heterosexual men have been found to be...
smaller in size
lesioned
equal in size
larger in size
67
"Mind-body illness." Any stress-related physical illness (e.g. hypertension, some headaches).
body dysmorphic disorder
none of these options is correct
eating disorder
psychophysiological illness
68
Effect of facial expressions on emotions; when a facial expression intensifies the emotion.
two-factor theory
optimal arousal
instinct theory
facial feedback
69
True or False: Research studies have found no gender discrimination in hiring based on weight.
True
False
70
This theory of emotion includes a cognitive label:
Schachter-Singer (two-factor)
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
opponent-process
71
Tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience:
adaptation-level phenomenon
confirmation bias
relative deprivation
prejudice
72
Subfield of psychology; psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.
physical therapy
health psychology
biopsychosocial approach
behavioral medicine
73
Friedman & Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people:
Type B
Type A
74
When a crisis passes, the __________ division of your ANS takes over, calming your body.
endocrine system
parasympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
75
True or False: Eating disorders are most commonly found in females from ¨Western¨ cultures.
False
True
76
Concluded that our physiological arousal & emotional experience occur simultaneously:
Cannon-Bard
Two-Factor
Instinct Theory
James-Lange
77
The __________ mobilizes your body for action & calms it down when the crisis passes.
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
78
True or False: Psychological & social-cultural factors play a bigger role in sex than hunger.
true
false
79
True or False: Research has shown polygraphs to be highly reliable tools in crime investigation
False
True
80
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.
rosy retrospection
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
happiness
well-being
81
Curiosity, exploration, riding roller-coasters, watching horror films… All demonstrate...
Freudian slips
evidence in support of Maslow
drive-reduction theory
theory of optimal arousal
82
4 stages, described by Masters & Johnson: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution:
refractory period
sexuality scale
sexual response cycle
optimal arousal
83
Pyramid of human needs, increasing in importance from bottom up; lower level needs come first:
hierarchy of needs
Two Factor Theory
James-Lange Theory
Maslow's drive reduction theory
84
True or False: Evidence indicates a genetic influence on sexual orientation.
false
true
85
Peoples' tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood:
mood congruent memory
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
catharsis
well-being
86
Eating behaviors are influenced by all of the following except:
biology
culture
the hippocampus
psychology
87
Hormone in digestive tract; sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain:
insulin
glucose
PYY
ghrelin

AP Psych Unit 4 (Myers Ch. 8): Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health Flashcards | StudBud