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American History Chapter 17 Industrial Revolution Flashcards | StudBud
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American History Chapter 17 Industrial Revolution
American History Chapter 17 Industrial Revolution
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#IndustrialRevolution #AmericanHistory
Flashcards
37 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Vertical integration meant
owning all parts of a business from start to finish
breaking up older but less competitive monopolies
buying up all competitors
buying just enough shares in a company to control it
2
All of these are examples of environmental damage during the early Industrial Revolution
except
Railroad tracks often cut through undeveloped landscapes
Drilling for petroleum damaged the soil
Constructing canals diverted needed water to other places
Burning coal gave of dangerous gases
3
Although corrupt, New York City's Tammany Hall appealed to
recent immigrants and job seekers
reformers seeking to improve the social landscape
state government seeking a system for granting contracts
big business looking to boost profits
4
The "Big 4" who led the construction of the western railroads included all of these men
except
Mark Hopkins
Charles Crocker
Leland Stanford
Jay Gould
5
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in
1873
1864
1859
1869
6
One of the earliest American preservationists was
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
John Muir
Thomas Edison
7
The person who cornered the market on oil refining in the late 1800s was
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
Leland Stanford
8
Andrew Carnegie made his fortune with the help of the Bessemer converter which
refined large amounts of sugar within less than 2 minutes.
refined crude oil into gasoline, diesel, and lubricants
identified coal deposits as far as 2000 ft below ground.
transformed big amounts of iron ore into steel with hot air.
9
In 1911, 146 workers died while locked in a factory fire called the Triangle Textile Fire.
false
true
10
Shortly before the Civil War, it was discovered that kerosene could be used for lighting.
true
false
11
A militant labor union, the Industrial Workers of the World hoped to overthrow capitalism.
false
true
12
Mechanization transformed labor in all of the following ways
except
It led to safer working conditions
It made work boring and routine
It led employers to seek out cheaper and cheaper workers
It pulled more women and children into factories
13
The need to market goods over wider areas gave rise to new forms of
warehousing
advertising
labor organization
production
14
Top preservationist of this era, John Muir, founded the Sierra Club to protect the environment
false
true
15
The Haymarket Riot led to
new government policies about arresting strikers.
growing anti-union sentiment nationwide.
the founding of the Knights of Labor.
increased union membership across the country.
16
How did business owners respond to the growth of unions and the labor movement?
They appealed to Congressmen to outlaw unions
They cut wages and hours
They planted spies among union members
workers signed yellow dog contracts or were on blacklists.
17
The creation of national brand products such as NABISCO biscuits relied on all these EXCEPT
horizontal integration
nationwide advertising
reliable transportation
new forms of packaging
18
Much of Rockefeller's success can be attributed to his pioneering efforts at
capital accumulation
assembly line production
horizontal integration
process integration
19
In the Civil War, Congress took advantage of having no Southerners in Congress to do all BUT
support scientific training and research
prohibit child labor
pass several national internal improvement projects.
authorize the construction of land grant universities.
20
Which of these became the greatest symbol of America's growing desire for consumer goods?
Door-to-door salesmen
The suburban mall
The chain store
National advertising
21
"Robber barons" or "captains of industry" were businessmen who
built mafia-like organizations in the nation's cities.
had made their riches during the Civil War.
claimed ties to European aristocracies.
made large fortunes with ruthlessness and ingenuity.
22
The need for managers in the many new businesses of led to the growth of
big business
payroll clerks
the middle class
America's expanding debt
23
The railroad strike of 1877 is evidence that
workers were discontented with low pay and bad conditions
all of the above
the government often intervened to help big business
organized labor was growing in America
24
Rockefeller absorbed short term losses so that he could drive his competition out of business.
true
false
25
Among the American Federation of Labor's successes were all of the following
except
arbitrating disputes to ensure worker solidarity
The AFL achieved all of these successes.
setting a new standard workday from ten to eight hours.
serving as an umbrella for the many craft unions.
26
Refrigerated rail cars were FIRST developed to
transport fresh food to Union troops in the field.
bring fresh meat into the cities.
transport ice from Canada to the U.S. in the spring and fall
get fresh produce to the North during the early spring.
27
The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved
company stock
railroads
all of the above
congressmen
28
Controlling all aspects of an industry, from raw materials to finished product, is known as
a monopoly
vertical integration
profit consolidation
absolute control
29
The Tweed Ring, working out of Tammany Hall, was
a political machine designed to help workers get jobs
a Chicago political machine
run by "Boss Tweed," leader of a political "machine" in NYC
noted for helping the poor and the destitute
30
A result of the spread of national advertising was the growing use of billboards.
true
false
31
America's oil boom began when Edwin Drake struck oil while drilling in
Pennsylvania
Texas
California
Louisiana
32
Social Darwinism was the idea that "survival of the fittest" extended to the world of business
false
true
33
The first mail-order business was
Montgomery Ward
Sears
J.C. Penney
Roebuck
34
Which of the following men is
incorrectly
paired with his technological development?
Thomas Edison - incandescent light bulb
J. Pierpont Morgan - streetcar
Alexander Graham Bell - telephone
Elisha Otis - elevator
35
Within 20 years of the first oil discovery, ____ Oil Company controlled 90% of U.S. petroleum
National
U.S. Oil
American Petroleum
Standard
36
Industrialists justified their financial and political strength in all of the these ways
except
They said they were exemplars of the Horatio Alger myth.
They worked hard and declined unfair advantages
They said it was "survival of the fittest"
They claimed their actions benefited all mankind
37
As the Industrial Revolution progressed in America, all of the following occurred
except
Cities grew rapidly
Immigration became less important to America
Large scale corporate firms dominated the American economy
People moved from farms to cities