What societal need during WWII helped reinforce Behaviorism?

Training soldiers efficiently and predicting behavior

What is thematic analysis?

method of identif,analyz,interpret pattern of meaning within qualitat data

What makes psychological research reliable?

It yields consistent results across different contexts and times.

What is the replication crisis in psychology?

difficulty in replicating psych. findings, raising concern abt reliability

Why did Behaviorism reject introspection?

It was seen as subjective and unmeasurable.

What is psychometrics?

The theory and technique of psychological measurement

What does confidentiality mean in psychology?

Keeping participants’ data private and secure

What is cognitive modeling in AI?

Simulates human thinking processes using computational models

What cultural context most influenced the emergence of Structuralism?

19th-century Europe’s fascination with classification in science

What is objectivity in psychological research?

Minimizing personal bias in data collection and interpretation

Which is a central topic in educational psychology?

The impact of motivation on learning outcomes

What are some focus areas in health psychology?

Behavior change, coping with illness, pain management, stressrelated illnes

What are learning theories in psychology?

Explain how people acquire, process, and retain knowledge throu experiences

What was the cognitive revolution?

A movement restoring interest in memory, thinking, and problem-solving

What is functionalism?

Focuses on the purpose of behavior,mental processes and how they help adapt

What are APA and BPS ethical guidelines?

Ethical codes for conducting psychological research responsibly

What is health psychology?

Studies how biol., psych., and social factors affect health and illness

What is replicability in research?

Findings should be reproducible under similar conditions

What societal condition most contributed to the rise of Behaviorism?

Industrial need for control and efficient behavior prediction

Why is serotonin often targeted by antidepressants?

It regulates mood and sleep, which are disrupted in depression

What are descriptive research methods in psychology?

C. S and N. O. used to describ behavior without interf causal relationships

What are qualitative research methods?

Interviews, open-ended questions, and thematic analysis

What roles do psychologists have beyond therapy?

Research, consulting, and psychological testing and assessment

What was one key reason Humanistic Psychology emerged in the 1950s?

Disillusionment with cold, mechanistic models of human behavior

What historical movement influenced Humanistic Psychology?

Civil rights and youth counterculture

How does Cross-Cultural Psychology challenge traditional theories?

By questioning the universality of Western-developed psychological theories

What is an example of psychology applying quantitative methods?

Correlational study on sleep and academic performance.

What is introspection in psychology?

The examination of one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings

How does psychology relate to decision-making in economics?

Through studies of behavior, judgment, and cognitive biases

4. What methods are used in clinical psychology?

Psychotherapy (CBT, ACT, psychoanalysis), p. assesm, diagnostic interview

What do psychologists need in sensitive contexts?

Special care for vulnerable populations and cultural competence

What does 'applicability' mean in psychology?

It applies psychology to solve real problems in life and society.

What are the key ethical responsibilities of psychologists?

Informed consent, confidentiality, competence, and non-maleficence

What is the aim of forensic psychology?

To apply psychological principles in legal and criminal justice systems

What tasks do forensic psychologists perform?

Evaluate competency, assess reoffendin risk, consult on jury selection, etc

What best describes heritability in psychology?

The proportion of trait variation due to genetic differences

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Questions 117

Answers

1
What system controls voluntary muscle movements?
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sympathetic system
Endocrine system
2
Which objective of psychological research focuses on anticipating future actions?
Predict
Describe
Explain
Control
3
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated during danger?
Sympathetic
Somatic
Parasympathetic
Central
4
What societal need during WWII helped reinforce Behaviorism?
Promoting mindfulness and resilience
Ethical treatment in therapy
Training soldiers efficiently and predicting behavior
Analyzing dreams for trauma
5
What is thematic analysis?
method of identif,analyz,interpret pattern of meaning within qualitat data
Calculating the frequency of adjectives in writing
Identifying patterns of color in art
A tool for managing experimental noise
6
What makes psychological research reliable?
It’s based on large sample sizes.
It yields consistent results across different contexts and times.
It proves hypotheses.
It avoids bias through qualitative tools.
7
What is the replication crisis in psychology?
A lack of new theories
Too many studies done in one year
difficulty in replicating psych. findings, raising concern abt reliability
Repetition in therapy notes
8
Which method is best for studying heritability in human behavior?
EEG
Twin and adoption studies
PET scans
Case studies
9
Why did Behaviorism reject introspection?
It was too rooted in existentialism.
It required cultural context.
It was seen as subjective and unmeasurable.
It was too focused on childhood experiences.
10
What is psychometrics?
A personality horoscope
The science of animal dreams
The study of fitness psychology
The theory and technique of psychological measurement
11
What does confidentiality mean in psychology?
Only therapists can talk
D. No communication after sessions
Password-protecting files only
Keeping participants’ data private and secure
12
What technological development strongly influenced Cognitive Psychology?
MRI brain scans
The printing press
The steam engine
The computer revolution
13
The use of CBT to treat anxiety is an example of which objective of psychological science?
Explain
Control/Modify
Predict
Describe
14
What is cognitive modeling in AI?
Robotic ethics simulations
Simulates human thinking processes using computational models
A fashion trend in AI design
Randomized gaming programs
15
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Inhibits movement
Triggers fight or flight
Promotes rest and digestion
Processes sensory information
16
Which neurotransmitter is involved in both Parkinson’s and addiction?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
17
What cultural context most influenced the emergence of Structuralism?
Post-WWII interest in human freedom
Cold War-era concern with measurable behavior
19th-century Europe’s fascination with classification in science
The rise of positivism in the U.S.
18
What is objectivity in psychological research?
Choosing only participants you agree with
Minimizing personal bias in data collection and interpretation
Avoiding statistical tools
Using your own opinion when scoring data
19
Which is a central topic in educational psychology?
The influence of neurotransmitters on memory
The impact of motivation on learning outcomes
Leadership styles in organizations
Leadership styles in organizations
20
What are some focus areas in health psychology?
Skin care product reviews
Alternative diets and astrology
Social media addiction and digital trends
Behavior change, coping with illness, pain management, stressrelated illnes
21
What are learning theories in psychology?
Explain how people acquire, process, and retain knowledge throu experiences
C. Explain fashion trends in students
A. Theories about school funding
Study how people forget
22
What was the cognitive revolution?
Popularization of hypnosis
A movement restoring interest in memory, thinking, and problem-solving
Rejection of all mental processes
The rise of astrology in science
23
What is functionalism?
Studies mental illness only
Examines mystical experiences
Is only used in economic psychology
Focuses on the purpose of behavior,mental processes and how they help adapt
24
What are APA and BPS ethical guidelines?
Ethical codes for conducting psychological research responsibly
Personality tests
Sleep hygiene standards
Rules for building therapy offices
25
What is health psychology?
Studies how biol., psych., and social factors affect health and illness
A fitness tracking application
Study of herbal treatments
Social media analysis
26
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with anxiety regulation?
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
GABA
Serotonin
27
Which psychological school emerged as a reaction to both Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism?
Humanistic Psychology
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Structuralism
28
What is replicability in research?
It’s a subjective interpretation
Only expert scientists can replicate studies
Replication is unethical
Findings should be reproducible under similar conditions
29
What societal condition most contributed to the rise of Behaviorism?
Youth counterculture movements
Industrial need for control and efficient behavior prediction
Philosophical rise of existentialism
Globalization and migration
30
Why is serotonin often targeted by antidepressants?
It regulates mood and sleep, which are disrupted in depression
It blocks anxiety hormones
It increases dopamine
It controls motor neurons
31
What are descriptive research methods in psychology?
Simulated video games
C. S and N. O. used to describ behavior without interf causal relationships
Statistical data mining
Experiments with controlled variables
32
What are qualitative research methods?
Dream mapping
Website analytics
Random number generation
Interviews, open-ended questions, and thematic analysis
33
Which brain structure regulates hunger, thirst, and temperature?
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Parietal lobe
34
What roles do psychologists have beyond therapy?
“
Research, consulting, and psychological testing and assessment
?
35
What was one key reason Humanistic Psychology emerged in the 1950s?
Influence from the Soviet psychological tradition
Success of psychometric testing
Disillusionment with cold, mechanistic models of human behavior
Increased reliance on AI
36
Which hormone plays a role in the “fight or flight” response?
Insulin
Adrenaline
Estrogen
Oxytocin
37
What historical movement influenced Humanistic Psychology?
Colonial expansion
Civil rights and youth counterculture
Protestant Reformation
Enlightenment Rationalism
38
How does Cross-Cultural Psychology challenge traditional theories?
By rejecting all experimental methods
By focusing only on European samples
By questioning the universality of Western-developed psychological theories
By refusing to engage with social psychology
39
What is an example of psychology applying quantitative methods?
Narrative interviews with trauma victims.
Thematic analysis of dream reports.
Correlational study on sleep and academic performance.
Ethnographic observation of parenting.
40
What is introspection in psychology?
A. Analyzing other people’s thoughts
Guessing personality types
The examination of one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings
Mind reading technique
41
How does psychology relate to decision-making in economics?
Through studies of behavior, judgment, and cognitive biases
Through banking regulations
Through price analysis
Through investment algorithms
42
4. What methods are used in clinical psychology?
Hypnosis and meditation exclusively
Psychotherapy (CBT, ACT, psychoanalysis), p. assesm, diagnostic interview
Online quizzes and self-help books only
Surgery and medical prescriptions
43
Which psychological current reflects a critique of the Western bias in psychology?
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Structuralism
Functionalism
Behaviorism
44
The adrenal glands are primarily associated with:
Stress response
Memory formation
Metabolism
Motor coordinaction
45
What do psychologists need in sensitive contexts?
Special care for vulnerable populations and cultural competence
D. Fast decision-making and humor
General kindness and Instagram presence
Awards and published memoirs
46
What does 'applicability' mean in psychology?
Applying only therapy-based approaches in mental clinics
The ability to debate psychological theory
It applies psychology to solve real problems in life and society.
Solving personal issues without professional help
47
What are the key ethical responsibilities of psychologists?
Selling psychology merchandise
Promoting psychology influencers
Maximizing therapy profits
Informed consent, confidentiality, competence, and non-maleficence
48
What is the aim of forensic psychology?
To study historical figures’ mental states
To offer relaxation techniques for criminals
To apply psychological principles in legal and criminal justice systems
To analyze fashion trends in prisoners
49
Which philosophical tradition most directly influenced Structuralism?
Positivism
Existentialism
Pragmatism
Empiricism
50
What tasks do forensic psychologists perform?
A. Design law school curriculum
Teach prisoners to cook
Develop lie-detection apps
Evaluate competency, assess reoffendin risk, consult on jury selection, etc
51
What best describes heritability in psychology?
The effect of environment on genes
Random inheritance of traits
The proportion of trait variation due to genetic differences
Genetic determinism of behavior
52
What was a major criticism that led to the rise of Positive Psychology?
Psychology focused too much on pathology and suffering.
Psychology became too reliant on computers.
Psychology lacked empirical methods.
Psychology ignored cultural factors.
53
How did Darwin’s theory of evolution shape Functionalism?
It emphasized unconscious sexual drives
It inspired focus on how mental processes help individuals adapt.
It validated conditioning as a learning process.
It refuted introspection as a valid method.
54
What is neuropsychology?
The study of emotion regulation
Applied poetry in therapy
Explores how brain function affects behavior and cognitive functions
The science of dreams
55
What are quantitative research methods?
Philosophical interviews
Numerical data and statistical analysis
Measuring emotional tone through poetry
Group storytelling
56
Damage to which brain area would likely affect language comprehension?
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Basal ganglia
Occipital lobe
57
Which neurotransmitter is the brain’s main excitatory chemical?
Glutamate
Serotonin
GABA
Dopamine
58
What role does philosophy play in psychology’s interdisciplinary reach?
Structures data collection methods.
Helps develop psychometric tools.
Informs discussions on consciousness and meaning.
Shapes genetic research in behavior.
59
The spinal cord is responsible for:
Transmitting signals and controlling reflexes
Regulating hormones
Cognitive decisions
Auditory processing
60
What is meta-analysis in psychology?
A stat. techn. that comb the results of studies to identify overall trends
A debate between researchers
Biased review blogs
. A summary article of one study
61
Which brain region is responsible for memory formation?
Thalamus
Occipital lobe
Amygdala
Hippocampus
62
What is the goal of community and cultural psychology?
To increase funding for local fairs
To rate neighborhood safety
To evaluate urban art programs
To promote well-being and understand the impact of cultural contexts
63
What is forensic psychology?
Profiling celebrities
Applying psychol. principles within the legal and criminal justice system
Helping politicians win elections
A. Psychology for historical research
64
What is empiricism in psychology?
A style of biased reflection
knowledge comes from systematic observation and experimentation
feelings are superior to facts
The rejection of observation
65
14. Which of the following did NOT influence Psychoanalysis?
Interest in unconscious motives
Psychiatry’s rise in Europe
The industrial need for workplace efficiency
Victorian moral conservatism
66
What distinguishes psychology from common sense?
Its emphasis on cultural relativism.
Its use of introspection and anecdotal examples.
Its reliance on empirical methods and systematic observation.
Its focus on individual perception only.
67
What role does cultural variability play in psychology?
Only applies to children
It complicates food choices
It is irrelevant for diagnosis
It affects how psych.concepts manifest, requiring cult.sensitive approaches
68
Which biological system is slower but has long-lasting behavioral effects?
Somatic system
Endocrine system
PNS
CNS
69
Which sub-discipline would most likely investigate the biological basis of addiction?
Social Psychology
Educational Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Biopsychology
70
What distinguishes Functionalism from Structuralism?
It denied the existence of consciousness.
It focused on the purpose, not just the content, of mental processes.
It avoided any experimental methods.
It emphasized unconscious drives.
71
What are correlational research methods?
Surveys with no statistical analysis
Assess the relationship between two variables without manipulating them
Forced behavioral manipulation
Comparing unrelated traits
72
What approaches are used in health psychology?
A. Nutritional plans and astrology
Bio-psycho-social model, behavior modification, mindfulness interventions
Virtual reality exposure therapy only
CrossFit and fasting
73
Why did Psychoanalysis gain traction in late 19th-century Vienna?
It supported behavioral efficiency in factories.
It aligned with empirical brain research.
It promoted collectivist ideology.
It resonated with societal repression, rising interest in the unconscious.
74
What are experimental research methods?
Studying one subject’s daily diary
Non-controlled lab tours
Interview-based opinion studies
Manipulating one variable to observe its effect on another
75
Which neurotransmitter imbalance is most associated with schizophrenia?
Acetylcholine
GABA
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
76
What is a distinguishing feature of forensic psychology?
Designing moral education programs
Investigation of visual perception in courtrooms
Application of psychological assessment to legal settings
Studies of media influence on criminals
77
A health psychologist would most likely study:
How leadership style impacts teamwork
How personality predicts voting behavior
How stress contributes to cardiovascular disease
How children develop language
78
Which brain region integrates movement and reward processing?
Amygdala
Corpus callosum
Basal ganglia
Frontal cortex
79
What is the role of the thalamus in behavior?
Relays sensory signals to appropriate brain areas
Generates emotions
Produces hormones
Stores long-term memories
80
Which of the following reflects psychology’s integration with AI and technology?
Applying CBT in rural communities
Studying group conformity using role-play
Evaluating psychoanalytic dream theories
Using cognitive models to improve user experience design
81
Which sub-discipline primarily studies stable individual traits like openness or neuroticism?
Personality Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Social Psychology
82
What are common tasks in developmental psychology?
Study child development, examine cognitive changs with age, etc
Study math aptitude in adults only
Host kindergarten parties
Build daycare centers
83
A study investigating how working memory capacity affects decision-making would fall under:
Cognitive Psychology
Health Psychology
Personality Psychology
Developmental Psychology
84
What happens at the synapse?
Hormones are released into the blood
Reflexes are generated
Neurotransmitters transfer signals between neurons
Genes are activated
85
What is falsifiability in scientific psychology?
Theories must be vague to allow multiple interpretations
A theory must be testable and capable of being proven wrong
Replicability is more important than falsifiability
A theory should never be disproved
86
A psychologist examining how cultural norms shape identity is working at the intersection of:
Social psychology and sociology
Cognitive psychology and AI
Health psychology and philosophy
Biopsychology and clinical psychology
87
Why is minimizing harm important in psychological research?
For better social media image
To avoid legal fines
Protects participants from physical and emotional distress
To shorten experiment time
88
What is the purpose of clinical and counseling psychology?
To design social media strategies
To help individuals manage and overcome mental health challenges
To manage organizational finances
To train athletes
89
What does developmental psychology study?
Urban planning for youth
Animal behavior only
The construction of childhood toys
Human growth and changes across the lifespan
90
What are the key tasks in organizational psychology?
Painting office walls
Creating viral social media posts
Planning office parties
Job analyses, training programs, employee motivation, team dynamics
91
What tools do school psychologists use?
Lie detectors and IQ apps
Stopwatch and attendance records
Video recording equipment
Cognitive tests, behavioral observat, Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)
92
What is structuralism?
Focused on animal behavior
Focus on the unconscious
Based on religious doctrine
Aimed to break down mental processes into their most basic components
93
What is the main function of the frontal lobe?
Reflex coordination
Decision-making and impulse control
Auditory analysis
Visual processing
94
The “master gland” of the endocrine system is the:
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
95
Which brain structure is primarily involved in fear processing?
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Thalamus
96
What is informed consent in psychological research?
Having participants sign a blank form
Giving candy for answers
Ensures participants are aware of study and agree to participate
Guessing participants’ needs
97
Which metaphor reflects the Cognitive view of the mind?
A mechanical stimulus-response chain
An information-processing system
A social script driven by norms
A mirror of unconscious desires
98
Which lobe of the brain processes visual information?
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
99
Which of the following best explains neuroplasticity?
Fixed brain wiring after childhood
Hormonal response in stress
Genetic encoding of behavior
Brain’s ability to change in response to experience
100
Why is validity crucial in psychological research?
It ensures the tool measures what it’s supposed to measure.
It reduces participant bias.
It confirms the researcher’s hypothesis.
It guarantees statistical significance.
101
What is the focus of community psychology?
Fire safety in small villages
Empowerment, equity, social justice, and support for marginalized groups
A. Charity fundraisers and social media promotion
Promoting pop culture engagement
102
Which sub-discipline would most likely analyze how societal stereotypes influence self-perception?
Forensic Psychology
Personality Psychology
Social Psychology
Biopsychology
103
What is epigenetics primarily concerned with?
Mapping brain plasticity
How environment influences gene expression
A. Identifying DNA mutations
The number of inherited genes
104
Why was introspection central to Structuralism?
It explained unconscious processes.
It measured behavioral output.
It was used to identify basic elements of conscious experience.
D. It reflected environmental conditioning.
105
What is behaviorism?
Focuses on internal dream analysis
Focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental states
Studies past life experiences
Uses personality horoscopes
106
If a psychologist is developing employee selection procedures, they are likely working in:
Developmental Psychology
Social Psychology
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Clinical Psychology
107
Which neurotransmitter is linked to mood and sleep regulation?
GABA
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
108
What role does GABA play in the nervous system?
Reward learning
Inhibitory neurotransmission
Muscle activation
Memory enhancement
109
A mixed-methods study would most likely:
Use only standardized testing
Focus purely on narrative analysis
Combine experimental data with personal interviews
Rely solely on observational coding
110
Which historical force played a major role in the birth of laboratory psychology?
The global depression
The fall of empires
The rise of experimental science in 19th-century Europe
The invention of psychotherapy
111
In developmental psychology, the scope does not include:
Identity development
Cognitive changes in adolescence
Leadership behavior in organizations
Emotional regulation in toddlers
112
What is psychoanalysis?
A method for building team motivation
A behavioral app model
A. A theory based on social media behavior
A theory and therapy by Freud emphasizing unconscious motives and conflicts
113
What role do genetics play in personality, according to behavioral neuroscience?
They suppress neuroplasticity
They only affect IQ
They interact with environment to influence traits
They determine environment
114
Which school most closely aligns with American pragmatism?
Behaviorism
Functionalism
Structuralism
Humanistic Psychology
115
Which hormone is most associated with bonding and social connection?
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Oxytocin
Dopamine
116
Why is subjectivity of internal experiences a challenge in psychology?
Because machines can’t think
Thoughts and feelings are difficult to measure objectively
It’s hard to make fun therapy games
Researchers disagree on happiness
117
Which of the following best illustrates psychology’s dual role as both a natural and social science?
It focuses on abstract philosophical problems only.
It applies only statistical models from mathematics.
It integrates brain imaging with studies of social behavior and culture.
It studies only brain processes using MRI.

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