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AP Biology Molecular Biology Unit 6 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Biology Molecular Biology Unit 6
AP Biology Molecular Biology Unit 6
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1
A frame shift mutation....
Causes cancer
Changes a single base
Adds or deletes a base
Occurs only in sex cells
2
A nonsense mutation
Will cause evolution in the organism
Will have no effect on the protein
Will replace an amino acid with a different amino acid
Will replace an amino acid with a stop codon
3
Used to make bacteria that will then synthesize multiple copies of a gene product
Transformation
Translation
Transduction
Transcription
4
Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated
Throughout each process of gene expression
Only when mutations occur
During translation
During trancription
5
Which of the following is correct regarding gene expression in prokaryotes?
transcription and translation occur simultaneously
heavily packed heterochromatin prevents transcription
introns are removed from pre-mRNA
transcription occurs in the nucleus
6
A transcription unit in a prokaryote is called
chromosome
operon
Barr body
transposone
7
Used to make DNA fingerprints after the DNA has been cut apart
Restrictive Enzymes
ink pad
Electrophoresis
DNA Ligase
8
In the structure below, what is B?
topoisomerase
nucleotide
helicase
primase
9
DNA/RNA-binding protein that inhibits expression of a gene by binding to the operator=repressor
True
False
10
What is the function of DNA Polymerase?
Adds nucleotides to an RNA sequence
Unwinds the double helix
proofreads the sequence of nucleotides
Adds nucleotides to a DNA sequence
11
Random Science Trivia: How old is the Earth?
younger than Mrs. Schaeffer
3.5 billion years old
5 million years old
4.6 billion years old
12
The pink ribbon-like structure is
DNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
13
Cell specialization is only found in:
unicellular organisms
eukaryotes
multicellular organisms
prokaryotes
14
Used to reattach sticky ends in a plasmid and to attach Okazaki fragments to each other
Restriction Enzymes
Helicase
DNA ligase
DNA primase
15
DNA wrapped around histone proteins
primase
helicase
nucleosome
barr body
16
How does packaging affect gene expression?
Improper packaging makes mutations more common
It dictates what alleles are accepted in a genome
Randomly
Packaging too tight could result in genes never being read
17
Used to cut DNA apart
PCR
DNA ligase
Restriction Enzymes
plasmid
18
Restriction enzymes cut DNA to protect bacterial cells from
sticky ends
mRNA
intruding DNA.
the lac operon
19
In DNA replication, what enzyme unzips the double helix?
topoisomerase
helicase
primase
DNA polymerase 1
20
The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change is…
Postnatal
Epigenetics
Mashoodh
Prenatal
21
Best example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression:
binding of transcription factors to promoter
folding of DNA to form heterochromatin
additional of methyl groups
removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons
22
DNA that contains genes from more than one source
plasmid
operon
recombinant DNA
recombinant RNA
23
Which scenario could not result in a change of gene expression in an individual?
High cortisol levels from stress
Transitioning into a new phase of development
Natural selection from high predation
Changes in the environment
24
What is the orientation of DNA strands?
double strand, semiconservative
double strand, antiparallel
Single strand, 5'-3'
double strand, both 5'-3'
25
In DNA replication, which occurs first?
DNA polymerase 1 replaces RNA with DNA
primase creates a primer for replication to begin
DNA ligase binds segments together
DNA polymerase 3 adds new nucleotides
26
An amino acid deficiency in an organism is most likely to affect
post transcription
replication
translation
transcription
27
Who discovered that bases between different species are varied?
Watson and Crick
Schaeffer
Avery
Chargaff
28
Group of structural and regulating genes that functions as a single unit
oncogene
plasmid
DNA
operon
29
The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products is known as
biology
biochemistry.
botany
biotechnology
30
Used to make multiple copies of DNA
PCR
Restriction Enzymes
Transcription
Transformation
31
Which of these is the least detrimental mutation?
Frameshift
Substitution
Deletion
Insertion
32
In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found
A = G and C = T
A=C
A+G = C + T
G + C = A + T
33
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes alter gene expression
very rarely
before mitosis or meiosis occurs
only after mutations
constantly, as changes occur in the environment
34
Today, January 31st is National...
Empanada Day
Cinnamon Crescent Day
Inspire your Heart with Art Day
Farm Animal Day
35
Which strand of this DNA molecule would be the lagging strand?
Bottom
Top
36
Small, circular DNA molecules from bacteria are called...
chromosomes
transcripts
plasmids
chromatin
37
Carcinogens
All of the above.
are factors that alter DNA.
make cells cancerous.
are cancer causing agents.
38
In an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase begins transcription
repressor
inducer
structural gene
promoter
39
Binds DNA to a regulatory sequence and affects the expression of an associated gene
regulatory protein
lac repressor
regulatory gene
transcription unit
40
What type of mutation is the following?
substitution
frameshift
deletion
insertion
