Age of Exploration and Scientific Revolution WH/G 2 HN

Question 1

Who was Francisco Pizarro?

Accepted Answer

Spanish man; heard about Inca in Panama; took advantage of Incan Civil War.

Question 2

Who was Bartholomew Dias?

Accepted Answer

First European explorer from Portugal to sail around the tip of Africa 1488

Question 3

What were the impacts of exploration on Africa?

Accepted Answer

Expansion of the enslaved trade, by 1000 to 10000 per year

Question 4

Who was Isaac Newton in Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution (1642-1727)

Accepted Answer

English; Discovered Laws of Gravity published in 1687

Question 5

What are the effects of the Columbian Exchange for those in the New World, Europe, and Africa? (3 Are Correct)

Accepted Answer

Use of enslaved based on shortage of labor to grow cash crops in Americas, Western Hemisphere agriculture product like corn change European lifestyles, European horses and cattle in Americas, system of slavery based on race

Question 6

Who was William Harvey in Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution? (1578-1657)

Accepted Answer

English; Discovered circulation of the blood 1628; King Henry VIII doctor

Question 7

What was the Middle Passage?

Accepted Answer

Route taken by European traders from Africa to America to transport slaves

Question 8

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Accepted Answer

When pope divided newly explored lands between the Spanish and Portuguese

Question 9

Who was Jacques Cartier? (Sailed for France)

Accepted Answer

First to document Canada; Iroquois for village & explore St. Lawrence River

Question 10

People back then knew the Earth was a globe due curvature of the Earth plus the visibility of the horizon.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

What is Mercantilism?

Accepted Answer

Concept based on idea that colonies exist for benefit of mother country

Question 12

What were some new ways of thinking in Europe when the Scientific Revolution began?

Accepted Answer

Belief science rather than religion should be based on scientific method, Scholars began using scientific theory and reasoning to gather knowledge, Scientific ideas began challenging church's authority and absolute rulers, Using observations, experimentations to draw conclusions

Question 13

Who was Admiral Zheng He?

Accepted Answer

A Chinese admiral who explored eastern waterways- abandoned by China

Question 14

Who was Johannes Kepler in Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution? (1571-1630) Hint: Big Copernicus Fan

Accepted Answer

German; Developed Laws of Planetary Motion in 1619- Elliptical/ oval orbits

Question 15

Which description best fits the economic idea/ concept known as the Columbian Exchange during the Age of Exploration?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, & populations for all continents

Question 16

What happened to Africa as a result of exploration? (2 Valid Answers)

Accepted Answer

Loss of fittest members in society, Europeans used labor to replace Indies, Introduction to firearms, destruction of families.

Question 17

Geocentric theory made by Aristotle and Ptolemy said that humans and Earth were still, and everything else around moved

Accepted Answer

True

Question 18

Prince Henry the Navigator managed to circumnavigate the Earth as the second achiever who accomplished this goal

Accepted Answer

False

Question 19

What were some other economic systems that emerged as a result? Ex. Land & Power -> Money (2 are correct)

Accepted Answer

New money and banking systems were created, Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country

Question 20

What were the impacts of exploration specifically on China?

Accepted Answer

Created foreign enclaves as part of controlling foreign influence and trade

Question 21

What were some impacts of exploration?

Accepted Answer

Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British) (For money), Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European migration to America, Colonization by small group of merchants in Asia (The Indies, India, China), European trading ports along coast of Africa (Enslaved, gold, etc)

Question 22

What were the impacts of exploration on Asia?

Accepted Answer

European influence and trade unwelcomed, conflicts over Christianity

Question 23

Who was Ferdinand Magellan? (2 are correct) Hint: He was Portuguese but sailed for Spain in 1519

Accepted Answer

Man who led expedition, died in Philiphines but crew circumnavigated Earth, Lead expedition sailing westward from Europe to Asia across Pacific Ocean.

Question 24

In the Scientific Revolution, what were some old ways of thinking? (2 are correct)

Accepted Answer

Ideas backed by the Church authority & common sense, Scholars relied on ancient authorities; Geocentric theory- Humans at middle

Question 25

Why were people in the Spanish hierarchy system in Spanish Colonies put in their specific class system? From high to low

Accepted Answer

Born and from Spain; Full Spanish ancestry; Mixed ancestry; Native blood

Question 26

What is an encomienda?

Accepted Answer

A system of labor in the New World in which native people were abused

Question 27

What were some imports to Africa?

Accepted Answer

Manufactured goods by Europe,America,Asia; New Food products (Corn,peanuts)

Question 28

What were the four social groups in Spanish America in Spanish Colonies IN ORDER from HIGHEST to LOWEST?

Accepted Answer

Peninsulares, Criollos, Mestizos, Native People

Question 29

What was the goal of the Portuguese sailing and what did they accomplish along the way?

Accepted Answer

To make it to India; went around Africa making forts & empire relations

Question 30

Who was Francis Drake? (1570-1588) Hint: Sailed for England, Also circumnavigated the Earth

Accepted Answer

Explorer Spain hated, committed pirate-like actions, crushed Spanish Armada

Question 31

What were the impacts of exploration specifically for India? (2 are Valid)

Accepted Answer

Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry, Establishment and influence of coastal ports on Indian subcontinent

Question 32

What were some central innovations and navigational arts of Chinese and Islamic origin that helped Europeans explore?

Accepted Answer

Compass, astrolabe, triangle-shaped lateen sails, caravel

Question 33

Who was Hernan Cortes? (1519)

Accepted Answer

Spaniard conquistador (Spain) who worked in Cuba; Heard- conquered Aztecs.

Question 34

What are some important ideas relating to Spanish colonies within the Americas? (3 Correct, 1 Wrong)

Accepted Answer

Legacy of a rigid class system (Class was permanent and couldn't change), Conversion of indigenous people, complex societies based on race & function, European design for cities (Tenochtitlan -> Mexico City)

Question 35

Who was Galileo Galilei in Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution? (1564-1642) {2 are correct}

Accepted Answer

Italian; Used telescope to prove heliocentric theory began 1609, Forced to recant in inquisition but managed to publish heliocentric book

Question 36

Who was Nicolaus Copernicus in Pioneers of the Scientific Revolution? (1473-1543)

Accepted Answer

Poland; 1543 published heliocentric view of universe (Sun-centered)

Question 37

Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets? (3 are correct)

Accepted Answer

Pioneering role of Prince Henry the navigator; the fall of Constantinople, Demand for gold, spices, natural resources; innovations, navigational arts, Support for diffusion of Christianity, political and economic competition

Question 38

What were the impacts of exploration specifically on Japan?

Accepted Answer

Adopted policy of isolationism, with only Portugal as influence, and shogun

Question 39

What is the Commercial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

European maritime nations compete for overseas markets, resources,&colonies

Question 40

What is the Triangle Trade / Triangular Trade Routes & Systems?

Accepted Answer

Physical trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas (Not idea)

Question 41

What were some effects of the new theories? (2 are correct)

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature, Formulation of scientific method; Expansion of scientific knowledge

Question 42

What happened to the Aztecs and Incas under Spain?

Accepted Answer

Demise of their empires plus Maya due to disease mainly; HUGE loss of life

Question 43

What were some impacts of exploration? (2/ cont.) {2 correct}

Accepted Answer

Influence of the Reformation (Catholics and Protestants), Migration of colonists seeking religious freedom

Question 44

The Scientific Method was a way to answer questions once new ideas were formulated

Accepted Answer

True

Question 45

How did the Scientific Revolution CHANGE THE WORLD? (2 are Valid)

Accepted Answer

Challenged religion, changed our views of ourselves, seperated fact/fantasy, Created a method for problem-solving (Scientific Method)

Question 46

Who was Vasco Da Gama?

Accepted Answer

Predeccesor of Dias; sailed around Africa & 1st Eurpean to reach India 1497

Question 47

Who was Christopher Columbus (1492)?

Accepted Answer

Sailed for Spain; headed west: Thought landed at Spice Islands/ Indies

Question 48

What did Spain do in the Americas? (2 are Valid)

Accepted Answer

"God, Glory and Gold" and to increase power and spread Catholicism, Found structured empires (Aztec, Inca) gold, silver, motivated to get rich.

Age of Exploration and Scientific Revolution WH/G 2 HN

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Age of Exploration and Scientific Revolution WH/G 2 HN

Questions 48