Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because

the recessive allele for colorblindness is located on X chro

What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?

It helps separate the chromosomes.

The cell cycle is the

series of events that cells go through as they grow & divide

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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Bio Keystone Review

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Answers

1
Examinethe objects inside the box labeled #2. What is this called?
double helix
pedigree
nucleotide
nitrogen bases
2
What is a tumor?
an accumulation of cyclins
a mass of cancer cells
the rapidly dividing cells found at the site of a wound
a defective p53 gene
3
Information gathered from observing a plant that grows 3 cm over a two-week period results in
data
hypotheses
inferences
variables
4
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant is called
homeostasis.
metabolism
photosynthesis.
evolution.
5
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells (and not in animal cells)?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
chloroplast
mitochondrion
6
The nucleus of an atom is made of
protons, neutrons, and electrons
protons and neutrons
protons and electrons
electrons and neutrons
7
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
the allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromo
men who are colorblind have 2 copies of the allele
father pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only
the recessive allele for colorblindness is located on X chro
8
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
used to form bone and muscles
store and transmit heredity
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
help to fight disease
9
The amount of space a substance occupies is
volume
mass
length
weight
10
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
ATP.
carbon dioxide
water.
food molecules.
11
Cells fall into two broad categories, depending on whether they
have a nucleus.
contain chloroplasts.
have a cell wall.
contain genetic material.
12
All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are
prokaryotes.
photosynthetic organisms.
eukaryotes.
multicellular organisms.
13
The main function of the cell wall is to
support and protect the cell.
direct the activities of the cell.
store DNA.
help the cell move.
14
The structures labeled B are called
sister chromatids.
centromeres.
centrioles.
spindles.
15
The variable in an experiment that is kept constant throughout the experiment is called the
control
independent variable
precise
qualitative
16
a chromosome pair that contain the same type of genetic information
heredity
homologous chromosomes
genetics
crossing over
17
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by
photosynthesis.
alcoholic fermentation.
the Krebs cycle.
lactic acid fermentation.
18
Which organelle breaks down compounds into small particles that the cell can use?
lysosome
mitochondrion
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
19
Which event occurs during interphase?
Centromeres divide.
Centrioles appear.
The cell grows.
Spindle fibers begin to form.
20
Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?
water
glucose
all of them!
oxygen
21
What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
It helps separate the chromosomes.
It divides the cell in half.
It duplicates the DNA.
It breaks down the nuclear membrane.
22
The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
Y
2N
N
X
23
The best graph to compare and contrast categories of information
scatter plot
line graph
bar graph
pie chart
24
What is this instrument?
beaker
graduated cylinder
Erlenmeyer flask
mortar and pestel
25
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
size.
spindle fibers.
growth rate.
surface area.
26
The cell cycle is the
period of time between the birth and the death of a cell.
series of events that cells go through as they grow & divide
time from prophase until cytokinesis.
time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.
27
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
28
Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
produce p53.
cause cancer.
regulate the cell cycle.
work to heal wounds.
29
Which of the following chromosome combinations results in a male
XXX
XY
YY
XX
30
What is this?
beaker
graduated cylinder
forceps
striker
31
A boy who has hemophilia inherited the disorder from his
father
mother
Santa Claus
cousin
32
The hydrophilic head of a phospholipid bilayer
points inward.
is attracted to water.
has blue polka dots.
repels water.
33
Animals that are warm blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for babies are in the class
Mammalia.
Aves.
Amphibia.
Reptilia.
34
In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the
centimeter.
meter.
kilometer.
millimeter.
35
What can be used to determine whether a person has inhertied the normal number of chomosomes.
autosome
co-dominance
pedigree
karyotype
36
The process of making an egg cell is called
mitosis
meiosis
oogenesis
spermatogenesis
37
The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is
Eubacteria.
Eukarya.
Bacteria.
Archaea.
38
A temperature scale with a boiling point of 100 degrees and a freezing point of 0 degrees is
Celcius
Fahrenheit
Bob
Kelvin
39
One cause of muscle soreness is
glycolysis.
the Krebs cycle.
lactic acid fermentation.
alcoholic fermentation.
40
Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
all of them!
homologous chromosomes
autosomes
sex chromosomes
41
Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
DNA
chromatin
nucleolus
cytoplasm
42
Which pair of compounds are both products of photosynthesis?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
glucose and carbon dioxide
oxygen and glucose
water and glucose
43
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
absorbs green light.
does not absorb green light.
reflects violet light.
is environmentally friendly
44
Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in
animal cells only.
plant cells only.
all but plant cells.
all eukaryotic cells.
45
What is this instrument?
pipette
dropper
Erlenmeyer flask
test tube
46
Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?
XX
XXY
XXXY
XY
47
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
haploid cells.
diploid cells.
body cells.
2N daughter cells.
48
Which event occurs during interphase?
The cell grows.
Centrioles appear.
Spindle fibers begin to form.
Centromeres divide.
49
The Krebs cycle starts with _____________________ and yields __________________ as waste
pyruvate, water
pyruvate, CO2
glucose, carbon dioxide
electron carriers, carbon dioxide
50
Which organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use?
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
51
Movement of material against the concentration gradient (requiring the use of energy) is called
diffusion
active transport
osmosis
cell specialization
52
Who are the two men that figured out the shape of DNA (double helix)?
English and Crick
Munoz and Doherty
Watson and Crick
Franklin and English
53
Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms
share too many derived characters.
are too much alike.
are very numerous and diverse.
are going extinct.
54
Electron transport occurs in the _________________________________ of the mitochondria.
inner membrane
cytoplasm
matrix
outer membrane
55
A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test
a conclusion
several variables
a single variable
a mass of information
56
People who have sickle cell disease inherted __________ copy(ies) of the sickle cell allele.
1
4
2
0
57
Which pair is correct?
S phase, cell division
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
G1 phase, DNA replication
M phase, cell growth
58
What is this?
co-dominance
karyotype
non-disjunction
pedigree
59
Cellular respiration occurs only in the presence of
oxygen
lactic acid fermentation
sunlight
carbon dioxide
60
What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
10%
25%
50%
75%
61
A compound that produces OH- ions in solution - have a pH value above 7
acid
buffer
base
enzyme
62
Which unit is the SMALLEST
L
mL
cL
dL
63
The first phase of mitosis is called
metaphase.
prophase.
anaphase.
interphase.
64
What is shown in this figure?
crossing-over
anaphase I of meiosis
incomplete dominance
independent assortment
65
A measure of the force of gravity on an object is
weight
volume
length
mass
66
The basic unit of matter is know as
neutron
element
molecule
atom
67
A person who has PKU
is heterozygous for the trait.
will not pass the allele for the trait to his/her offspring
inherited the allele for the trait from one parent.
inherited the allele for the trait from both parents.
68
If an organism is 2N=16 chromosomes what would the chromosome number be in the gametes?
N=32
2N=16
N=8
2N=8
69
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
vacuole
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
70
Several different classes make up a
genus.
phylum.
kingdom.
family.
71
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
interphase
cell division.
metaphase.
mitosis.
72
Biology is the study of
the environment.
the land, water, and air on Earth.
animals and plants only.
living things.
73
What is the term for a group of organisms of one type living in the same place?
population
biosphere
environment
ecosystem
74
The Calvin cycle takes place in the
thylakoid membranes.
chlorophyll molecules.
stroma.
photosystems.
75
Which cell structure contains the genetic material and controls many of the cell’s activities?
nucleus
organelle
cytoplasm
cell envelope
76
Which taxonomic category contains the greatest number of different organisms?
genus
kingdom
family
order
77
All of the cell’s chemical processes refers to an organisms
cellular respiration
autotroph
metabolism
self esteem
78
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
DNA replication
Krebs cycle
electron transport
glycolysis
79
What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
oxygen and lactic acid
water and glucose
glucose and oxygen
80
All of the following are examples of heterotrophs EXCEPT
oak tree
fungi
omnivore
bear
81
A graduated cylinder is used to measure
liquid volume
area
weight
density
82
An electronic balance is used to measure
volume
density
mass
length
83
When a cell expels waste from within the cell, this type of active transport is known as
endocytosis
exocytosis
osmosis
phagocytosis
84
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
light.
oxygen.
exercise.
glucose.
85
sex cells are known as:
genes
tetrad
gametes
heredity
86
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an
area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
87
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
two genetically identical diploid cells.
two genetically different diploid cells.
four genetically identical haploid cells.
four genetically different haploid cells.
88
Gametes are produced by the process of
meiosis
crossing-over
mitosis
replication
89
Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
fermentation
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
electron transport
90
The two main stages of cell division are called
the M phase and the S phase.
mitosis and interphase.
mitosis and cytokinesis.
synthesis and cytokinesis.
91
Carries amino acids to the ribosome for assembly
tRNA
mRNA
DNA
rRNA
92
The stroma is the space that surrounds
thylakoids.
plant cells
chloroplasts.
mitochondria
93
Can replicate itself
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
DNA
94
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen.
high-energy sugars.
ATP and oxygen.
oxygen and high-energy sugars.
95
Prokaryotes lack
cytoplasm.
a cell membrane.
a nucleus.
genetic material.
96
A theory
is a problem to be solved.
is always true.
may be revised or replaced.
is the opening statement of an experiment.
97
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
oxygen
lactic acid
air
energy
98
The scientific method always begins with
careful observations.
creating experiments.
testing a hypothesis.
drawing conclusions.
99
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
only during interphase
only during the M phase
only when they are being replicated
only during the G1 phase
100
Electron carriers that enter the electron transport chain come from
inhaling oxygen
gylcolysis and Krebs cycle
when pyruvate is broken down before the Krebs cycle
carbon dioxide waste
101
A genus is composed of a number of related
orders.
kingdoms.
phyla.
species.
102
Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
only in chlorophyll molecules
in the stroma
outside the chloroplasts
in the thylakoid membranes
103
Photosynthesis requires light, water, carbon dioxide, and
DNA
methane
glycolysis
chlorophyll
104
In many plants, the rate of photosynthesis ________________ when the weather becomes very cold.
increases
decreases
stays the same
105
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
any environment containing oxygen.
mitochondria.
muscle cells.
bread dough.
106
Holds the original coded information for makingproteins
mRNA
DNA
rRNA
tRNA
107
The failure of the chromosomes to separate during meiosis is known as
translocation
replication
non-disjunction
transcription
108
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)
element
molecule
lipid
catalyst
109
What is the correct flow of energy within an ecosystem?
producers » consumers » energy
sun » humans » carnivores » herbivores
sun » autotrophs » heterotrophs
sun » plants » autotrophs
110
When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
G2 phase
S phase
M phase
G1 phase
111
The three particles that make up an atom are
neutrons, isotopes, and electrons
protons, neutrons, isotopes
positives, negatives, electrons
protons, neutrons, electrons
112
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
O
B
A
AB
113
The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called the
cytoplasm.
cell wall.
cell membrane.
cell envelope.
114
If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
12
24
6
3
115
Glycolysis requires
oxygen
investing 2 ATP
electron carriers
pyruvate
116
The base SI unit of measurement used to measure time is the
millisecond
second
minute
hour
117
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
anaphase
prophase
metaphase
telophase
118
What is the probability that a human sperm cell will carry an X chromosome?
25%
100%
0%
50%
119
Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?
cytokinesis
S phase
anaphase
interphase
120
The area indicated by the letter A is called
the stroma
nucleic acid
the matrix
photosynthesis
121
When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
solution
reactant
solvent
solute
122
The diagram represents what molecule?
RNA
water
DNA
ATP
123
Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as
cladistics.
traditional classification.
binomial nomenclature.
the three domains.
124
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid is
surface tension
cohesion
adhesion
gravity
125
An organism made up of a single cell is referred to as
bicellular
unicellular
Bob
multicellular
126
The purpose of electron carriers is
accept the electrons in glycolysis
to pass energy to the Krebs cycle
to pass energy to the electron transport chain
to create ATP directly
127
Similar genes are evidence of
binomial nomenclature.
common ancestry.
different anatomy.
mutations.
128
The cells of multicellular organisms are
smaller than those of unicellular organisms.
simpler than those of unicellular organisms.
not dependent on one another.
specialized to perform particular functions
129
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmotic pressure.
osmosis.
active transport.
facilitated diffusion.
130
Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration?
tree
tiger
anaerobic bacterium
mushroom
131
The intermolecular attraction between like molecules
specific heat
adhesion
temperature
cohesion
132
A granum is a(an)
stack of thylakoids.
stack of chloroplasts.
membrane enclosing a thylakoid.
photosynthetic pigment molecule.
133
Whichtype of chemical bonds join two DNA bases?
ionic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
nitrogen bonds

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