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EXAM REVIEW
law of effect
Effortful encoding...
EXAM REVIEW
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1
Effortful encoding...
All answers are correct
Often requires associating new information with old information
Involves additional mental effort
Requires considerable attention to encode information for storage
2
law of effect
rewarded behavior is likely to recur
rewarded behavior is less likley to recur
punished behavior is likely to recur
cause and effect
3
focus on the meaning of the idea, better memory of information
semantic encoding
working memory
visual encoding
acoustic encoding
4
speed of learning forgotten information again
chunking
relearning
recognition
recall
5
the stages of memory processes
encoding, saving
retrieving, analyzing
encoding, storage, retrieval
analyzing, storing, retrieval
6
keeps new information active in consciousness and relates it to older information
memory
effortful processing
working memory
automatic processing
7
visual memory
echoic
iconic
8
putting information into memory
retrieval
storage
working memory
encoding
9
Little Albert experienced
spontanious recovery
generalization
extinction
acquisition
10
people learn through observation
classical conditioning
Bandura's social learning theory
motivation
operant conditioning
11
Variable Ratio, Fixed Ratio, Variable Interval, and Fixed Interval are all forms of?
Classical Conditioning Schedules
Schedules of Reinforcement
Schedules of Stimulus
All of these are correct!
12
variable ratio schedule
slow extinction
fast acquisition
fast extinciton
slow acquisition
13
behavior is reinforced but not every time
fixed ratio schedule
variable interval schedule
fixed interval schedule
variable ratio schedule
14
revoking drivers license
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
15
Conditioned Response
Stimulus that naturally triggeres a response
Unlearned, natural response to UCS
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
originally irrelevant stimulus thatll trigger a response after conditioning
16
Parking ticket
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
negative punishment
17
requires concious attention in order to understand information, includes rehearsal and over learning
effortful processing
automatic processing
memory
working memory
18
seatbelt beeping turning off when you buckle in
negative reinforcement
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
19
how cognition relates to classical conditioning
some people cannot be conditioned
our bodies do not allow conditioning as humans
prepares us to learn certain things; differential fear
our concious participation will impact the effectivness of conditioning
20
bringing the information back out
retrieval
storage
encoding
working memory
21
Pavlov's dog: Dog food
CR
UCS
CS
UCR
22
behavior is reinforced every time it is performed/ doing something a set number of times
fixed ratio schedule
fixed interval schedule
variable interval schedule
variable ratio schedule
23
doing something for rewards or to avoid punishment
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
24
Classical Conditioning name
B.F Skinner
Pavlov
Bandura
Freud
25
Goal of Behaviorism
objectivity
determine why people do things
the pairing of 2 stimuli
determine what causes behavior
26
identifying information when it is presented
recall
relearning
recognition
chunking
27
stimulus that DECREASES liklihood of prior responses
positive
negative
punishment
reinforcement
28
Unconditioned response
Unlearned, natural response to UCS
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Stimulus that naturally triggeres a response
originally irrelevant stimulus thatll trigger a response after conditioning
29
short term memory strategy of remembering bits of infomation at a time
chunking
semantic memory
iconic memory
7 +/- 2
30
spontanious recovery
Conditioned response and unconditioned response are paired
the diminishing of a conditioned response
conditioned response briefly reappears upon presentation of the CS
conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired
31
stimulus that INCREASES the liklihood of prior response
consequence
reinforcement
feedback
punishment
32
giving money
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
33
retaining information over time
working memory
storage
retrieval
encoding
34
associate behavior with consequence
behaviorism
classical conditioning
working memory
operant conditioning
35
If I do A, I will feel B
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
36
Which of the following is most likely to use automatic processing?
Listening to music
Reading a book
Baking a cake
Reading school timetable, for first time
37
often unconcious, mind processes information effortlessly
effortful processing
working memory
memory
automatic processing
38
variable interval schedule
slow extinction
slow acquisition
fast acquisition
fast extinciton
39
Effortful processing can occur only with
chunking
sensory memory
implicit memory
conscious attention
40
retrieving info that is not in conscious awareness
recognition
relearning
chunking
recall
41
Conditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that naturally triggeres a response
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Unlearned, natural response to UCS
originally irrelevant stimulus thatll trigger a response after conditioning
42
Iconic memory lasts
30 seconds
about 1 minute
up to 5 seconds
less than 1 second
43
Define Mnemonic devices:
Repeating over and over again.
Cramming
Memory aids making you learn and understand.
Expanding the capacity of the STM.
44
How objectivity is accomplished for behaviorism
considering mental processes
MRI scan
focusing on observable behavior
journeling
45
persistance of learning through encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
effortful processing
working memory
automatic processing
memory
46
doing something for it's own sake
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
47
Unconditioned Stimulus
originally irrelevant stimulus thatll trigger a response after conditioning
Learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Unlearned, natural response to UCS
Stimulus that naturally triggeres a response
48
if A happens, B will happen
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
49
reinforcement at varying times
fixed interval schedule
variable interval schedule
variable ratio schedule
fixed ratio schedule
50
Pavlov's dog: The bell
UCR
UCS
CS
CR
51
similar stimuli elicit conditioned response
extinciton
discriminiation
generalization
acquisition
52
mental imagery; transforming ideas into visual pictures
visual encoding
working memory
acoustic encoding
semantic encoding
53
the encoding of sound, especially of words
semantic encoding
acoustic encoding
working memory
visual encoding
54
ability to distinguish between CS and irrelevant stimuli
generalization
spontanious recovery
discrimination
aquisition
55
auditory memory
echoic
iconic
56
rewarding approximations of desired behavior to produce goal behavior (could be a complex goal behavior)
law of effect
reinforcement
shaping
operant conditioning
57
operant conditioning name
B.F Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Freud
Bandura
58
Learning
Relatively permanent change to a person's behavior due to experience
Permanent change to a person's behavior due to experience
Permanent change to an organism's behavior due to experience
Relatively permanent change to an organism's behavior due to experience
59
Pavlov's dog: Dog salivation
UCS
UCR
CS
CR
60
extinction
conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired
the diminishing of a conditioned response
conditioned response briefly reappears upon presentation of the CS
Conditioned response and unconditioned response are paired
61
aquisitition
the diminishing of a conditioned response
conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired
Conditioned response and unconditioned response are paired
conditioned response briefly reappears upon presentation of the CS
62
how long can information be held in the working memory without rehearsal
45 seconds
20 seconds
1 minute
10 seconds
63
how much information can be held in the working memory?
5 +/- 1
5 +/- 2
7 +/- 1
7 +/- 2
64
fixed interval schedule
slow extinction
slow acquisition
fast acquisition
fast extinciton
65
fixed ratio schedule
fast extinciton
slow extinction
fast acquisition
slow acquisition
66
reinforcement after a set amount of time
variable ratio schedule
fixed ratio schedule
variable interval schedule
fixed interval schedule
67
Associative Learning
Same as classical conditioning
Helps us to predict and anticipate events
Associating 2 stimuli through training
Associating 2 stimuli through past experiences
68
how biology relates to classical conditioning
prepares us to learn certain things; differential fear
our concious participation will impact the effectivness of conditioning
our bodies do not allow conditioning as humans
some people cannot be conditioned
