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BN eksamen
BN eksamen
59 terms
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StudBud Administration
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18 plays
kapitel 4, 8, 12 og 16
Flashcards
59 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
59
Answers
1
Depressed patients show _______ in REM sleep.
increases
decreases
no change
minor changes
2
In the zebra finch, gonadal steroids _______ the masculine song system.
activate
neither organize nor activate
both organize and activate
organize
3
As you sit, you receive less and less information about the feeling of your seat, due to the process of
sensory reduction.
phasic response.
tonic response.
adaptation
4
Which brain structure is activated in both males and females during orgasm?
Basal forebrain
Amygdala
Superior colliculus
Cerebellum
5
If a rat dam is made anosmic, what happens to the anogenital grooming of her pups?
The dam grooms both males and females more.
The dam grooms males more and females less.
The dam grooms males less and females more.
The dam grooms both males and females less.
6
If a newly developed drug is found to bind to serotonin receptors and activate them, the drug is classified as a(n)
prototype.
agonist.
ligand.
antagonist.
7
About _______% of severely disabled OCD patients who underwent cingulotomy benefited substantially.
33
50
100
10
8
The dexamethasone suppression test provides a neuroendocrine measure of
resistance to stress.
depression.
schizophrenia.
proneness to anxiety.
9
The _______ is especially active in tests that require spatial attention, and vital in the "executive" attention system
orbitofrontal cortex
cingulate cortex
pituitary
hippocampus
10
Schizophrenics show more _______ eye movements than people without schizophrenia.
precise
fixed
erratic
stable
11
Lesions of the medial amygdala of male rats
abolish the production of pheromones.
interrupt sexual differentiation.
abolish penile erections in response to receptive females.
abolish the production of pheromones.
12
Which substance competes with the neuromodulator adenosine?
Tetanus toxin
Caffeine
Nicotine
Colchicine
13
Male homosexuality has been clearly related to
oversecretion of estrogens.
None of the above
undersecretion of testosterone.
oversecretion of testosterone.
14
In monkeys trained to keep one-finger on a moving object to obtain a reward, which cortical change was found?
Areas associated with the trained finger become evident in the VisualCortex
Areas associated with the trained finger would expand.
Areas related to the trained finger would become more concentrated in zones
Areas associated with the untrained fingers would expand.
15
Which site shows a loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease?
Basal forebrain
Locus coeruleus
Substantia nigra
Raphe nucleus
16
Which therapy would provide a substance abuser with a way of controlling drug use with the
least
effort?
Behavioral modification
Dissociation of drug cues and drug rewards
Pharmacological treatment
A vaccine against the drug
17
Decreased activity of the _______ lobes is associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia.
frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
18
Sensory receptor organs are affected by particular environmental events for which that organ is particularly adapted:
pain.
Energy
adequate stimuli.
inadequate stimuli.
19
After repeated use of a drug, larger doses of the drug may be necessary to achieve the same effect. It's a result of:
withdrawal.
cross-tolerance.
sensitization.
tolerance.
20
Which of the following, if true, would indicate that aromatization does
not
play a role in sexual differentiation?
Human estrogen does not cross the placenta.
Human α-fetoprotein does not bind estrogens.
There are no sex differences in humans.
The sensitive period for humans is postnatal.
21
Hyena placentas are deficient in ___, allowing for masculinization of physical and behavioral characteristics in females
estrogen dehydrogenase
androgens
α-fetoprotein
aromatase
22
Which of the following stages includes proceptive behavior?
Sexual attraction
Postcopulatory behavior
Appetitive behavior
Copulation
23
Which class of drugs is
not
used to treat depression?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Tricyclics
Phenothiazines
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
24
The drug Valium is a type of
opiate.
phenothiazine.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
benzodiazepine.
25
Which spinal level is closest to the brain?
Coccygeal
Sacral
Lumbar
Thoracic
26
Indeed, as many as _______% of people will experience a psychiatric disorder during their lifetime
50
33
75
25
27
If a person is given an analgesic, such as acetaminophen, she is less likely to
be distressed.
feel rejected from not being invited to a movie.
feel pain from a headache.
All of the above
28
The calming effect of alcohol on neurons is probably mediated by _______, which is one of alcohol’s breakdown products.
kainate
allopregnanolone
thiamine
an orphan receptor
29
Müllerian ducts develop to form
labia.
ovaries.
internal male reproductive structures.
internal female reproductive structures.
30
Change in the resting potential of a receptor cell, mediating the impact of stimuli and initiation of nerve impulses is
sensory transduction.
sensory reduction.
hyperpolarization.
receptor potential.
31
Stimulation of a Pacinian corpuscle causes the opening of _______ gated _______ channels.
voltage-; potassium
mechanically; sodium
mechanically; calcium
ligand-; chloride
32
Which compound is
not
part of the amine subtype of neurotransmitters?
Dopamine
Glycine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
33
In contrast to cortical somatosensory area S1, sensory area S2 maps receive information from
the legs only.
the same side of the body only.
the opposite side of the body only.
both sides of the body.
34
Fast-adapting tactile receptors that mediate most of our ability to perceive form are called
Ruffini’s endings.
Merkel’s discs.
Meissner’s corpuscles.
Pacinian corpuscles.
35
Twin studies indicate a large genetic component to schizophrenia. However, another factor may be
city living.
influenza infection of the mother during fetal development.
All of the above
incompatible blood types between the mother and the developing fetus.
36
According to the concept of _______, particular nerve cells in the brain recognize sensory information that is specific
sensory transduction
labeled lines
adequate stimuli
range fractionation
37
Which structure contains serotonergic nerve cell bodies?
Medial septal nucleus
Pedunculopontine nucleus
Raphe nucleus
Nucleus basalts
38
Who first summarized the typical sexual response pattern in humans engaged in sexual intercourse?
Freud
Masters and Johnson
Kinsey
Spock
39
neurotransmitter, acting as a retrograde messenger, maintaining smooth muscle relaxation, increasing blood flow to penis
NE
5-HT
NO
Acetylcholine
40
A dermatome is
an area of the skin that is especially sensitive to light touch.
an area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
the receptive field of a single somatosensory neuron.
an irregular area of skin.
41
Which hypothalamic region is critical for the display of lordosis behavior by female rats?
SDN-POA
VMH
POA
INAH-3
42
Which substance is
not
an opioid peptide?
Dynorphin A
β-endorphin
CCK
Met-enkephalin
43
Drugs that are effective in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia are known as
neuroleptics.
sedatives.
tricyclics.
anxiolytics.
44
___ is a severe mental disorder that can be triggered by events such as the sudden death of a loved one, combat or abuse
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Schizophrenia
OCD
Phobia
45
In humans, the only behavior restricted to one sex is
childbirth.
orgasm.
nursing.
mounting.
46
Which class of drugs is
not
used to treat depression?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Tricyclics
Phenothiazines
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
47
The rat dam’s licking of the male anogenital region
has no effect on nervous system development.
masculinizes his spinal cord.
masculinizes his prefrontal cortex.
results in abnormal adult sexual behavior.
48
The development of _______ tolerance may result in a change in the number of receptors present in the cell membrane.
cross-
metabolic
therapeutic
functional
49
In schizophrenia there are several changes in the brain. In the hippocampus, there is a _______ of pyramidal cells.
change in morphology
dramatic reduction in the number
disorganization
dramatic increase in the number
50
Lips swell when we eat too much spicy food because _______ causes mast cells to release histamine.
capsaicin
serotonin
norepinephrine
substance P
51
An MRI study of the brains of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder revealed
an increase in the size of the right and left hippocampi.
a smaller volume in the right hippocampi.
hypertrophy of various cortical regions.
no perceptible anatomical changes.
52
The dose at which a drug has a half-maximal response is termed the
LD(50).
saturated dose.
ED(50).
therapeutic dose.
53
Bipolar disorder can be extreme, but some people experience a milder condition called
cyclothymia.
schizotypy.
dysthymia.
hypomania.
54
The effects of gonadal steroids activate behavior such that the behavior
always occurs.
never occurs.
occurs with greater strength.
is more likely to occur.
55
Androgens act on the SNB system of male rats by
increasing the number of neurons in the brain.
increasing testicular secretion
sparing the motoneurons, which in turn spare the BC muscles.
sparing the BC muscles, which in turn spare SNB neurons.
56
Which drug is a serotonergic agonist and functions like an anxiolytic?
Morphine
Buspar
Valium
Nicotine
57
Which layer of skin contains a rich web of nerve fibers in a network of connective tissue and blood vessels?
None of the above
Dermis
Hypodermis
Epidermis
58
Electrical stimulation of the _______ produces analgesia in both rats and humans.
deep cerebellar nuclei
lateral geniculate of the thalamus
periaqueductal gray of the brainstem
ventral regions of the spinal cord
59
A drug that produces a potent schizophrenia-like state is
phencyclidine.
LSD
chlorpromazine.
Valium