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Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology Flashcards | StudBud
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Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology
Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology
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1
Which of these is an accurate definition of the formal operational stage of development (12+ years)?
A child becomes interested in sports, music and drama.
A child begins to obey authority figures and dress smartly.
A child becomes selfless, charitable and understanding.
A child becomes capable of logical, analytical and hypothetical thinking.
2
Children in the formal operational stage (12+ years) have a tendency to philosophise. Select an example of this.
If God loves every person, why do so many people suffer?
I'm excited that my favourite show is on television tonight.
I prefer to play video games on my own rather than with other people.
I hope my Mum will make me spaghetti for dinner tonight.
3
According to Piaget, which of these should NOT be part of a teacher's role within the classroom?
Providing tasks that are appropriate to the child's level of development.
Dominating rather than facilitating the learning process.
Building up difficulty of tasks with increasing cognitive abilities.
Offering suitable challenges so new discoveries can be made. Expand schema.
4
Some children put in lots of effort and still don't improve, and some children improve with little effort. This is...
A strength of Dweck's mindset theory.
A conclusion of Dweck's mindset theory.
A result of Dweck's mindset theory.
A weakness of Dweck's mindset theory.
5
According to Carol Dweck's mindset theory, which of these statements of praise would encourage a growth mindset?
"I'm proud of you for trying hard to spell that difficult word!"
"I knew you'd be top of the class because you're brilliant at everything!"
"You're so clever and smart!"
"I'm proud of you for being so amazing at spellings!"
6
Which if these is NOT a strategy to support cognitive development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Making sure information is fully understood. (Asking questions/quizzes.)
Relating information to already existing knowledge or understanding.
Teaching through the most appropriate learning style for the given task.
Adapting tasks to a person's specific preferred learning style.
7
Which of these is NOT a strategy to support physical development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Practising precise movements. Eg, 'frog legs' outside the swimming pool.
Tasks that improve fine motor skills. Eg, using scissors and tweezers.
Tasks that improve gross motor. Eg, balancing on a beam.
Watching YouTube videos on how to ride a bike or play football.
8
At around 6-7 weeks of pregnancy, the neural tube bulges into three sections. What are these?
Skull, neck and eyes.
Ear, nose and throat.
Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
Cerebellum, medulla and pons.
9
Which of these is NOT a part of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum.
Spinal cord.
Pons.
Medulla.
10
Piaget suggested that children transition through four stages of development as they get older. Which of these is true?
Piaget thought children jumped back and forth between these stages.
Piaget thought that Western children transitioned through stages earliest.
Piaget proposed ALL children go through this at roughly the same time/age.
Piaget believed that socioeconomics could interfere with these transitions.
11
Which of these is NOT a fact about the midbrain?
It transfers visual information from the eyes to the brain.
It transfers auditory information from the ears to the brain.
It is the most recently developed portion of our brain.
It transfers motor (movement) information from the brain to the body.
12
Daniel Willingham's learning theory emphasises the importance of what?
Work and play.
Input and encoding.
Practice and effort.
Attention and concentration.
13
A controversial weakness of Dweck's mindset theory is that some psychologists believe the theory does what?
Accepts that all children are different and learn in different ways.
Acknowledges the importance of process praise over person praise.
Harms children's self esteem and self confidence.
"Blames" a child for their ability, disregarding limiting socio-economics.
14
When a child alters their existing schema to include new information, this cognitive process is called...
Disequilibrium.
Representation.
Assimilation.
Accommodation.
15
Piaget's theory suggests that intelligence is developed through the cognitive processes of...
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational.
Assimilation, disequilibrium, accommodation, equilibrium.
Seeing, hearing, touching and smelling.
Rational, analytical, hypothetical and philosophical reasoning.
16
How many days after conception does the neural plate form?
15 days
21 days
16 days
20 days
17
The medulla is responsible for reflex actions. Which of these is NOT controlled by the medulla?
Swallowing and breathing.
Higher thinking.
Vomiting.
Coughing and sneezing.
18
A person has suffered damage to their cerebellum. Which of these would NOT be a potential symptom?
Inability to solve simultaneous equations.
Inability to be able to write something down.
Inability to walk properly.
Inability to stand up and balance well.
19
When a child receives new information and uses their existing schema to try to understand it, this is called...
Accommodation.
Disequilibrium.
Representation.
Assimilation.
20
The forebrain is considered the highest region of the brain. It is involved in...
Processing complex information.
Controlling our heartbeat.
Our beliefs about humanity.
Helping us to blink.
21
Which of these is NOT true?
The hindbrain is responsible for deductive reasoning.
The hindbrain is the oldest and most basic part of the brain.
The hindbrain controls breathing, sleeping, sleep patterns, etc.
The hindbrain controls all 'automated' body systems.
22
Which of these is NOT a strength of Dweck's mindset theory?
The theory has real world applications within education.
The theory has real world applications for parents and how they praise.
Dweck's supporting evidence lacks ecological validity.
Dweck has lots of evidence to support her theory. (GMS=better grades.)
23
The neural plate grows longer, folds onto itself until that fold forms a groove, and that groove turns into...
The medulla.
The neural tube.
The forebrain.
The cerebellum.
24
Which of these phrases is synonymous with Daniel Willingham's learning theory?
Laughter is the best medicine.
Factual knowledge precedes skill.
You are what you think.
Nothing in life comes for free.
25
Children in the concrete operational stage (7-12y) learn to solve logical problems best through...
Manipulating and experimenting with real objects.
Listening to parents and teachers.
Considering philosophical questions.
Complex word questions because their language has developed.
26
Which of these is TRUE about the concrete operational stage of development (7-12y)?
The child acquires reversible thinking in this stage.
The child cannot solve conservation tasks.
The child aquires object permanence in this stage.
The child becomes more egocentric.
27
According to Willingham's learning theory, practice helps things become automatic. Why is this important?
So we can be the best at something.
So we have enough space in our 'working memory' to learn new things.
So we don't make any mistakes in the future.
So we don't need to practice them ever again.
28
Lots of Dweck's experiments - to improve grades - was carried out in artificial settings. What is a weakness of this?
Lacks ethical considerations.
Lacks generalisability.
Lacks mundane realism.
Lacks ecological validity.
29
Which of these is NOT a weakness of Dweck's mindset theory?
Does not explain a child that puts in lots of effort and still struggles.
Some psychologists argue that Dweck "blames" the child for lack of effort.
Dweck has lots of evidence to support her theory. (GMS=better grades.)
The supporting evidence lacks ecological validity. (Artificial setting.)
30
What is meant by the term 'schema'?
The ability to process mathematical equations and complex language.
A choice we make based on our understanding.
A plan to do something suddenly.
A simplified mental representation or framework.
31
According to Dweck's mindset theory, a child with a fixed mindset is more likely to think that...
Their efforts will lead to better understanding of a subject or task.
Tough challenges are exciting opportunities for growth and development.
Their abilities are fixed and cannot be improved with effort.
Feedback is positive because it helps us to improve on things.
32
When we practise we often improve. If this is true, why might you still have bad handwriting at the end of high school?
You spent too long texting and playing on your phone.
You're just really bad at handwriting.
You didn't work hard enough in school.
You were not 'practicing' handwriting, just quickly writing things down.
33
Which of these is NOT true about the pre-operational stage (18m-7yr), according to Jean Piaget?
A child cannot understand or perform reversible operations.
A child is unable understand symbolic representation.
A child is egocentric and cannot understand 'conservation'.
A child believes that everything is alive, as they are. (Animism.)
34
Which of these is a weakness of Willingham's learning theory?
His ideas come from many areas of neuroscience and cognitive development.
His work has real world applications in schools and homes.
A child might find self regulation difficult due to their genetics.
His ideas can be scientifically tested.
35
Schemas are used in order to help us organise knowledge of the world, based on our...
Own existing knowledge and experiences.
Genetic predisposition.
Basic automated brain functions.
Own sense of self worth.
36
Piaget suggested children in the pre-operational stage are 'egocentric'. What does this mean?
They are unable to view things from a perspective other than their own.
They don't care about other people's feelings.
They are intentionally selfish.
They are overly self confident.
37
The neural plate is the foundation of a baby's brain and...
Head.
Spinal cord.
Skull.
Limbs.
38
Which of these is NOT a strategy to support social development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Gain more followers on your social media platforms.
Activities that help a child develop patience. (Linked to self regulation.)
Reduce distractions and have an organised space to support self-regulation.
Encourage a child to be independent so they can learn to self regulate.
39
Piaget suggested children in the pre-operational stage (18m-7yr) might play 'Mums and Dads'. What is this an example of?
Representational play.
Admiration play.
Nostalgic play.
Reflective play.
40
A child in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) is ABLE to...
Understand conservation.
Perform logical thinking tasks.
Understand object permanance. (From around 9 months old.)
View things symbolically and take part in role play activities.
41
What is the role of the midbrain?
It is the most advanced part of the brain.
It relays information between hindbrain and forebrain.
It has no purpose and can be removed if needed.
It counterbalances the hindbrain.
