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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 2
stage 4
2
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
ablated
modeled
3
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
mental age
IQ
a percentile score
4
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
midpoint
mode
median
5
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
6
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
7
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
8
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
accuracy of inference
predictability
9
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
10
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
temporal lobe
cochlea
11
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
12
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Cannon's area
13
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
low in openness
14
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
15
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
salivation
food/meat powder
tone
16
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
17
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
content validity
18
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
19
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
20
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
crystallized
episodic
fluid
21
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
22
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
23
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
24
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
25
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?
An all-or-none response
A finely graded response
An osmotic process
A protoplasmic transfer of ions
26
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
extinction
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
27
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
28
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
memory
the endocrine system
29
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
William James
30
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
31
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
cultural practices
32
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
drive theory
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
33
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
34
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
35
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
teratogens
36
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
37
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
suppression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
38
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
print letters
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
39
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
sequential
longitundinal
time of testing
40
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
agonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
41
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
42
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
escape learning
43
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
44
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
45
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
46
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
47
People who believe that their efforts will be successful & control events have a high level of
reciprocal determinism
insight
self-efficacy
social responsibility
48
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
49
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
schema
chunk
script
50
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
51
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
saturation
color
light purity
52
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
53
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
54
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
55
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
a personality test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
56
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
57
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
58
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
59
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
60
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
61
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
62
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
63
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
constancy
symmetry
64
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
65
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
66
Leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation are all studied by
clinical psychologist
Experimental Psychologist
Counselors
Industrial-organizational
67
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
punishment
68
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
69
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
70
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
71
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
72
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
postconventional
conventional
73
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
74
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
75
A complex pattern of organized, unlearned behavior that is species-specific is called
a need
a drive
an instinct
a motive
76
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
77
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
78
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
79
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
decibels
timbre
pitch
80
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
genital
latency
oral
81
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
82
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
83
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
84
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
85
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
86
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
87
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
mechanical
88
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
89
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
lens
vitreous humor
cornea
90
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
91
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
92
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
pineal gland
thalamus
93
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
