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Duplicate of Crit exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Crit exam 2
Duplicate of Crit exam 2
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1
When tests are meaningful for the patient to notice change it is…
Patients opinion
MDC
MCID
2
What is it called with a loss of subjects for internal validity?
History
Maturation
Mortality
3
Which of the following is not part of construct validity?
Discriminant
Known groups
Convergent
Concurrent
4
When participants want to be part of the experimental group. What type of bias is this?
Response bias
Non-response bias
Selection bias
Researcher bias
5
What test is good at helping us rule out a diagnosis
Specificity
Sensitivity
6
Which statement is true regarding sensitivity?
A negative test when the target is actually negative
A negative test when the target is positive
A positive test when the target is negative
A positive test when the target is actually positive
7
What is a fair value for Kappa
.61-80
.21-.40
.41-.60
.00-.20
8
What correlation metric is typical for Non-parametric data?
Spearman rho
ICC
9
What is this formula for True positive /True positive + False negative
Specificity
PPV
Sensitivity
NPV
10
What is the optimal power for research?
75%
70%
90%
80%
11
What does correlation mean?
Randomization of subjects
Looking at the relationship between two instruments
Figuring out cause and effect
Manipulating the variables to ensure accurate results
12
You were reviewing a scatter plot and noticed that the r value was .30. You interpret the relationship as:
Almost no relationship
Fair
Excellent
Good
13
Reading an article, you noticed that all of the participants scored in the uppermost limit of the scale. This is...
Manipulation
Floor effect
Ceiling effect
Randomization
14
What test has both positive or negative and is non-directional?
Two-tailed
One tailed
John’s test
Power
15
A longitudinal study is asking older people to recall their childhood. What threat to int validity is most concerning?
Testing
Maturation
statistical regression
Instrumentation
16
What are the external validity threats?
Biased sample selection
Time
Setting differences
Reactive effects/Hawthorne effect
17
What is it called when a researcher determines sample size needed before research?
A priori
Effect Size
Validity testing
18
A small effect size needs a_______ for minimal good power
Small sample size
Medium sample size
Large sample size
19
What is a GOOD Pearsons R?
.50-.89
.70-.89
.40-.69
.90-1.00
20
You informed your patient that the likelihood of him having an impingement syndrome is high. This statement reflects
Sensitivity
Specificity
Positive predictive value
Negative predictive value
21
What internal reliability uses the same clinician?
Intra-rater
Inter-rater
22
What test is either positive or negative and directional?
Three-tailed test
One-tailed test
Two-tailed test
Nine-tailed Fox
23
What is MDC?
refers to an instrument measuring what it is suppose to measure
represents true change beyond instrument error
a patient’s report on what is important for that person
refers to an instrument’s ability to detect positive cases
24
What is a large value for Cohen’s D
2.0
1.20
.80
.50
25
When do you use outcome measures?
Screening
On body chart
For your personal use
For the probability
26
True of the AOC
Both are true
A perfect instrument has an area of 1
Ability to discriminate between those with and without condition
27
You would like to compare a new outcome measure on coordination with the gold standard. What type of validity is this?
Constructs
Face
Criterion
Content
28
The opposing theory to the Null is
Alternative hypothesis
Fake hypothesis
Null hypothesis
29
Which statement is not true regarding power?
probability of finding a statistically significant difference, if present
Sample size is irrelevant
probability of rejecting H correctly
30
What is a good LR+ number?
Below 0.2
Below 1
Above 3
Above 5
31
Which statement is true about Receiver Operating Curve?
does not utilize cut off scores
a perfect instrument will have a true positive rate of .75
represents the balance between sensitivity and specificity
32
PPV predicts ____ and Positive likelihood predicts _____
Not having the condition, how many people test negative and have it
They’re the same
Having the condition, Amount of positive tests seen in those with it
How many have it , and who gave it to them
33
How would you interpret an ICC of .70 (95% CI = 0.68-0.88)
Substantial, not statistically significant, agreement
Slight, not statistically significant, agreement
Substantial, statistically significant, agreement
Moderate, statistically significant, agreement
34
What do kinds of tests do we as Physical Therapists like?
Hard ones
High Specificity
Crit exams
Easy ones
35
Questionnaire-based and performance based measures are….
ICF information
Objective information
Subjective information
Outcome measure
36
What is a Type I error?
Rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho) when it is true
when we fail to reject H when H is false
37
What is commingling or bias of rater called?
Talking between peeps
Contamination
Regression
Diffusion
38
What is an outcome measure?
A standardized test
Something personal trainers use
A test from doubblestein
39
A large effect size needs a_______ for minimal good power
Small sample size
Large sample size
Medium sample size
40
A paper noted that a large percentage of the research participants scored in the lower limit of a scale. This reflects
Floor effect
Ceiling effect
Construct validity
Face validity
41
The probability of finding a statistical difference when one exists is?
Jeffs calves
Effect
Power
P value
42
An ICC measures.....
difference between means
predictions between 2 variables
probability of something occurring
reliability between raters
43
The probability of committing a type 1 error
Beta
R value
Alpha
P value
44
Two PTs have consistently recorded the same goniometric measurement during the last 3 sessions. This is an example of
Friendly competition
Test-retest reliability
Intra-rater reliability
Inter-rater reliability
45
Interpret: ICC= .80 (95%CI 0.34-.088)
moderate reliability, statistically significant
good reliability, statistically significant
good reliability, not statistically significant
moderate, not statistically significant
46
When is a confidence interval not good?
Decent range
Small range
Passes Zero
47
When is power determined?
After the study
During the study
Before the study
48
True/False: All that researchers can do with data is to either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis (H0)
True
False
49
What is Effect size?
The size of the difference between variables in a population.
Amount of statistical difference
Size of the sample
The degree to which the null is false
50
What do you mean by prevalence?
The ability of a researcher to predict the likelihood of a disease
Number of existing cases in a population
The researcher’s worldview
Number of new cases in a population
