What is the purpose of safety ventilation?

To ventilate almost anybody safely

What is the significance of eSensitivity (esense) and rise time percent on the 840 ventilator?

They are unique features that can be compared to other vents

What is the effect of a decelerating flow pattern?

Provides more flow at the beginning of inspiration

What can be done in the "sandbox" on the lower screen?

Simply play with the settings without affecting the patient

What is a key characteristic of a safety ventilation?

It’s designed to ventilate almost anybody

Which loops are most commonly used in mechanical ventilation?

Pressure/volume and flow/volume

What range should tidal volume alarms be set?

10–20% above and below the set tidal volume

What is the purpose of the expiratory module?

To filter and measure exhaled gas

What is the formula for Ideal Body Weight (IBW) in females?

45.5 + 0.91 × (centimeters of height − 152.4)

What does the ventilator calculate during expiration?

Pplat, Total PEEP, and Auto-PEEP

What does the TC (Tube Compensation) imitate when weaning a patient?

Breathing without the endotracheal tube

What is another name for the Pressure Cycling Alarm?

High Pressure Limit, Normal Pressure Limit, High Pressure Alarm, High Paw

What does the dark blue zone in the gray bar show?

The trend over the last 200 breaths

What is the primary consideration when setting alarms prior to initiating mechanical ventilation?

Control variable (Volume vs. Pressure)

What is the typical setting for FiO2 alarms?

+/- 5% of expected delivered FiO2

What complications should be minimized when setting initial VTR parameters?

Barotrauma, volutrauma, and increased WOB

What is a typical setting for a high tidal volume alarm?

10%-20% higher than expected delivery

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Vents 2 - Review from Vents 1 & Waveforms

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Questions 149

Answers

1
What does a square inspiratory flow waveform on a flow/volume loop indicate?
Volume-Controlled Ventilation
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
Pressure support ventilation
Spontaneous ventilation
2
What does it mean if a volume loop does not return to volume 0?
Increased airway resistance
Patient needs suctioning
Decreased lung compliance
A leak is present
3
What is the purpose of safety ventilation?
To delay alarms
To ventilate almost anybody safely
None of the above
To give the ventilator a chance to show off its skills
4
How is MV (LPM) calculated for women?
4 x BSA in m²
3.5 x BSA in m²
5 × Body Weight in kg
2.5 x BSA in m²
5
For patients without CV impairment, what is a higher PEEP level that can be started with?
10 cmH2O
5 cmH2O
12 cmH2O
8 cmH2O
6
What does an angle moving up towards the volume axis signify on a pressure/volume loop?
An increase in compliance
A decrease in compliance
Patient-ventilator asynchrony
Air trapping
7
Why is it difficult to set tidal volume alarms when using PCV or PSV?
The alarms are preset
The patient is always breathing spontaneously
The tidal volumes are variable
The ventilator doesn't support it
8
What parameter is measured on the X-axis of a flow/volume loop?
Volume
Flow
Time
Pressure
9
Which ventilation mode allows you to select how spontaneous breaths are delivered (PS, PC, etc.)?
AC
SIMV
PC
APRV
10
What is the significance of eSensitivity (esense) and rise time percent on the 840 ventilator?
They help determine the appropriate tidal volume
They control the oxygen concentration.
They are unique features that can be compared to other vents
They are standard features on all ventilators.
11
What is the effect of a decelerating flow pattern?
Maintains constant flow throughout inspiration
Provides more flow at the beginning of inspiration
Provides more flow at the end of inspiration
Decreases tidal volume
12
What is the range for typical initial flow settings using a square waveform?
30 - 40 LPM
70 - 80 LPM
50 - 60 LPM
10-20 LPM
13
What parameters should always be set on a ventilator?
Apnea parameters
PEEP
Inspiratory flow rate
Tidal volume
14
What is a typical initial PEEP level?
5 cmH2O
10 cmH2O
7 cmH2O
3 cmH2O
15
What can be done in the "sandbox" on the lower screen?
Change the ventilation mode
Monitor the patient's vital signs
Simply play with the settings without affecting the patient
Adjust parameters in real time
16
What is a key characteristic of a safety ventilation?
It’s designed to ventilate almost anybody
It can only be used on patients with a specific diagnosis
It’s designed for patients who love adventure sports
It has an auto-diagnostic feature to catch any mishaps
17
What is a key indicator of air trapping on a ventilator waveform?
Rapid rise in pressure
Inspiratory pause
Failure to reach zero flow
Expiratory pause
18
What two measurements are used to titrate oxygen?
FiO₂ and/or PEEP
PaO2 and/or SpO2
PaCO2 and/or SpO2
RR and/or VT
19
What does the presence of a Pplat indicate on a ventilator waveform?
Inspiratory pause
Airway obstruction
Expiratory pause
Leaks
20
Which loops are most commonly used in mechanical ventilation?
Pressure/flow and volume/pressure
Pressure/time and flow/time
Volume/time and flow/pressure
Pressure/volume and flow/volume
21
What type of light does the touchscreen use to detect touches?
Visible light
Ultraviolet light
X-rays
Infrared light
22
On a Pressure/Volume loop, what does resistance on the top indicate?
Expiratory resistance
High PEEP
Inspiratory resistance
Decreased compliance
23
In Pressure Control (PC), what parameter can be set based on height?
Ti (Inspiratory Time)
PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)
FiO₂
∆P (Pressure Level)
24
What range should tidal volume alarms be set?
Set by flipping a coin and hoping for the best
Exactly the same as the set tidal volume—no wiggle room!
As wide as possible so it never alarms and life is peaceful
10–20% above and below the set tidal volume
25
What is the purpose of the expiratory module?
To deliver oxygen to the patient
To control the inspiratory flow
To filter and measure exhaled gas
To regulate the pressure of the air
26
What is the formula for Ideal Body Weight (IBW) in females?
45 + 0.85 × (centimeters of height − 150)
50 + 0.91 × (centimeters of height − 150)
48 + 0.95 × (centimeters of height − 152.4)
45.5 + 0.91 × (centimeters of height − 152.4)
27
What does the ventilator calculate during expiration?
Inspiratory and expiratory pressure
Tidal volume and respiratory rate
Pplat, Total PEEP, and Auto-PEEP
Inspiratory and expiratory flow
28
What does “beaking” on a pressure/volume loop signify?
Overdistension
Leak in the circuit
Patient-ventilator asynchrony
Airway obstruction
29
What is the typical shape of a pressure/time waveform in pressure control?
Square
Sinusoidal
Decelerating
Rising
30
What is the formula for Minute Volume (MV)?
RR + VT
RR x VT
RR / VT
VT / RR
31
How should a low PEEP alarm be set?
2 cmH2O below PEEP
2 cmH2O above PEEP
Equal to PIP
Equal to atmospheric pressure
32
On a pressure/volume loop, what does a "boning out" indicate if the peak pressure and volume are the same?
Inspiratory resistance
Air trapping
Decreased lung compliance
Patient-ventilator asynchrony
33
Where is the high pressure alarm located on the main screen?
On a separate screen
At the bottom of the screen
Just below the sandbox
At the top of the screen
34
What is a PEEP level that is not uncommon to start with for patients with normal CV status?
20 cmH2O
5 cmH2O
15 cmH2O
10 cmH2O
35
What does the TC (Tube Compensation) imitate when weaning a patient?
Pressure-supported breathing
Breathing with an endotracheal tube
Breathing without the endotracheal tube
Volume-controlled breathing
36
In pressure control ventilation, what is the shape of the inspiratory flow waveform?
Square
Rising
Decelerating
Constant
37
What should you do if a patient with a pneumonectomy coughs while on mechanical ventilation?
Disconnect the ventilator
Decrease pressure settings
Increase pressure settings
Maintain current settings
38
During ARDS, what range of mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW) may be used as a lung-protective strategy?
6–8 mL/kg IBW
8–10 mL/kg IBW
4–6 mL/kg IBW
10–12 mL/kg IBW
39
When initiating mechanical ventilation, at what FiO2 level do many clinicians start?
0.80
0.40
0.60 or 1.0
0.21
40
What is another name for the Pressure Cycling Alarm?
Low Pressure Limit
Pressure Trigger Alarm
High Pressure Limit, Normal Pressure Limit, High Pressure Alarm, High Paw
Inspiratory Pressure Alarm
41
What is the initial goal in acute respiratory failure regarding ventilation support?
FVS
Spontaneous breathing
No ventilation
PVS
42
What happens if the "same patient" option is selected when turning on the ventilator?
The previous IBW is retained
A self-diagnostic test is performed
All previous data is erased
Parameters are automatically adjusted
43
What does the dark blue zone in the gray bar show?
The trend over the last 200 breaths
The ventilator’s alarm history
The set ventilator parameters
The patient’s current breath-by-breath values
44
What does a flow/volume loop that does not return to zero indicate
Obstruction
Air leak
Normal ventilation
Air trapping
45
What is the primary consideration when setting alarms prior to initiating mechanical ventilation?
Room temperature
Staff availability
Control variable (Volume vs. Pressure)
Patient's weight
46
What is the typical setting for FiO2 alarms?
+/- 5% of expected delivered FiO2
+/- 3% of expected delivered FiO2
+/- 10% of expected delivered FiO2
+/- 1% of expected delivered FiO2
47
What is the primary function of the BDU in the ventilator system?
To display waveforms
To monitor patient-ventilator interaction
To deliver breaths
To oversee emergency situations.
48
What should be done to stop an alarm on the ventilator?
Press the alarm reset button
Restart the machine
Turn off the ventilator
Adjust the parameters
49
What complications should be minimized when setting initial VTR parameters?
Anxiety, nausea, and constipation
Renal failure, liver failure, and anemia
Barotrauma, volutrauma, and increased WOB
Hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dehydration
50
What does resistance on both the inspiratory and expiratory portions of a pressure/volume loop suggest?
Pneumothorax
Increased lung compliance
Secretions in the airway
A leak in the circuit
51
What is a typical setting for a high tidal volume alarm?
10%-20% higher than expected delivery
20%-30% higher than expected delivery
Equal to the expected delivery
5%-10% higher than expected delivery
52
What is the purpose of Minute Volume (LPM) calculation?
Helps set Respiratory Rate and readjust based on PaCO₂
Measures lung compliance directly
Calculates FiO₂ requirements for oxygenation
Determines ideal body weight for tidal volume settings
53
Which component of the analyzer can burn out and may require the use of an external one?
FiO2 sensor
Not specified
The analyzer itself
ETCO2 sensor
54
What is a typical setting for a low exhaled tidal volume alarm?
5%-10% below expected return
Equal to the expected return
10%-20% below expected return
20%-30% below expected return
55
What is the typical I:E ratio to aim for?
1:4
1:1
1:2
1:3
56
What does a lighter tone on the screen indicate?
That the parameter is not active and needs to be accepted
That the parameter is on standby
That the parameter is active
That the parameter is locked
57
What happens if the inspiratory time (Ti) is too low?
Increase tidal volume to decrease Ti
Increase flow to decrease Ti
Need to decrease flow to increase Ti
Decrease respiratory rate to decrease Ti
58
What does PIP stand for in the context of ventilation?
Positive Inspiratory Pressure
Peak Inspiratory Pause
Peak Inspiratory Pressure
Pulmonary Inflation Pressure
59
What does high MAP put pressure on?
The liver, raising blood glucose levels
The kidneys, increasing urine output
The heart, potentially decreasing BP
The stomach, causing gastric distension
60
What does the angle from the start to the top pressure on a pressure/volume loop represent?
PEEP
Compliance
VT
Airway resistance
61
What is the key characteristic of PVS (Partial Ventilatory Support)?
The VTR does no work
The VTR does ALL the work
The VTR does SOME work and the patient does SOME work
Patient actively participates in ventilation
62
What does VTi help with in positive or negative feedback modes?
It adjusts the screen brightness depending on patient effort
It slows everything down to give the RT a break
It gives motivational quotes when the patient exceeds their target
Speeds up cycling if VT is too high
63
What does APRV stand for?
Adaptive Pressure Regulation Ventilation
Pressure Support Ventilation
Adaptive Volume Control Ventilation
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation
64
What is a typical setting for a high minute volume alarm?
5%-10% higher than expected
20%-30% higher than expected
10%-20% higher than expected
Equal to the expected minute volume
65
If the PIP is unknown, what should the initial setting for the Pressure Cycling Alarm be?
50-55 cmH2O
40-45 cmH2O
30-35 cmH2O
20-25 cmH2O
66
What is the primary goal when setting initial VTR parameters?
Providing adequate oxygenation and ventilation
Increasing WOB
Ignoring CV status
Maximizing barotrauma
67
How should the Pressure Cycling Alarm be set relative to PIP?
5 cmH₂O above PIP
15 cmH₂O above PIP
10 cmH₂O above PIP
20 cmH₂O above PIP
68
What does the baseline pressure on the X-axis of a volume loop represent?
Plateau Pressure
PEEP
MAP
PIP
69
What is a permissive hypercapnia strategy?
Letting the PaO₂ rise to dangerously high levels
Hyperventilating the patient to lower PaCO₂ as much as possible
Letting PaCO₂ rise to avoid lung injury while maintaining adeq oxygenation
Increasing FiO₂ to 100% regardless of lung condition
70
How is MV (LPM) calculated for men?
6 x Body Weight in lbs
5 x BSA in m²
4 × BSA in m²
3 x Body Weight in kg
71
How should high pressure alarms be set relative to PIP?
5 cmH2O below PIP
Equal to PIP
5 cmH2O above PEEP
10 cmH2O above PIP
72
What is a typical setting for high frequency alarms?
25 BPM
~35 BPM (total)
15 BPM
45 BPM
73
What range should tidal volume alarms be set?
Exactly at the set tidal volume
5-10% above and below
10-20% above and below
20-30% above and below
74
What is the long-term goal regarding ventilation support as the patient recovers?
Attempt to get to PVS as soon as possible to minimize muscle atrophy
Keep the pt on FVS indefinitely to ensure stable PaCO₂ levels
Maintain the pt on CPAP, regardless of muscle strength/ventilatory status
Transition immediately to room air without any ventilatory support
75
What is the role of the active exhalation valve?
To control the flow of oxygen
To monitor the patient's breathing rate
To regulate the temperature of the air
To help with asynchrony during inspiration
76
What is the cycling variable in pressure support breaths?
Pressure
Volume
Time
Flow
77
What does resistance solely on the expiratory portion of a pressure/volume loop suggest?
The patient needs bronchodilation
Increased tidal volume
A leak in the circuit
The patient needs suctioning
78
When using PRVC, what modes can you choose for apnea?
APRV—because why not go full rebel during apnea?
SIMV because it sounds fancy
PC or VC
Spontaneous mode with a lot of wishful thinking
79
What components are built into the 840 ventilator to manage humidity and condensation?
Only an optional active humidity device
Only a heated expiratory filter
Built-in insp filter, active humidity device, heated exp filter, & h2o trap
Only a water trap
80
What is the primary purpose of assessing input when using a ventilator?
To adjust the humidifier settings
To determine the FiO2 level
To monitor the patient's respiratory rate
To select an appropriate vent
81
What PaCO₂ and pH values indicate acute ventilatory failure?
PaCO₂ < 35 mmHg, pH > 7.45
PaCO₂ 45–55 mmHg, pH 7.25–7.35
PaCO₂ 35–45 mmHg, pH 7.35–7.45
PaCO₂ > 55 mmHg and rising, pH < 7.25
82
What is the range for typical initial flow settings using decelerating waveforms?
30 - 40 LPM
10 - 20 LPM
20 - 30 LPM
40 - 60 LPM
83
What does it indicate if the flow does not return to baseline on a flow/volume loop?
Increased compliance
Decreased airway resistance
Air trapping
Obstructive lung disease
84
What modes are typically used for Full Ventilatory Support (FVS)?
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) only
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) in all cases
Assist-Control (AC/CMV) modes — VC, PC, or PRVC
Spontaneous modes like Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)
85
In a pressure-volume loop, which axis typically represents pressure?
None of the above
Z-axis
Y-axis
X-axis
86
What modes are associated with Partial Ventilatory Support (PVS)?
SIMV, PS, PAV
HFV Modes
CPAP alone
AC/CMV — VC, PC, PRVC
87
What does a "hollowed" waveform on expiration in a flow/volume loop show?
Controlled ventilation
Laminar flow
High resistance
Low resistance
88
What should healthcare providers know in order to inform a physician about a patient's ventilation?
Types of ventilators
Patient's medical history
Vent settings and their effects
Safety parameters
89
If a patient is coming from the OR and was on 40% FiO2, what should the initial FiO2 setting be?
40%
100%
21%
60%
90
What is a potential cause of a pressure "spike" at the end of a breath?
Increased PEEP
Air trapping
Patient trying to end breath
Ventilator malfunction
91
What parameters does the ventilator calculate when the flow stops?
Flow and pressure
Temperature and humidity
Resistance and compliance
Pressure and volume
92
When using PRVC, what modes can you choose for apnea?
CPAP or PS
SIMV or APRV
PRVC or HFOV
PC or VC
93
What do the colored ‘C’, ‘A’, ‘S’ buttons on the screen indicate?
Alarms and status, Scalars, Patient data
Ventilation modes
Ventilator settings
Oxygen levels
94
What characterizes impending ventilatory failure?
Low respiratory rate, decreased tidal volume, normal oxygen consumption
Normal WOB, low MV, decreased O₂ consumption
Absent respiratory effort, severe metabolic alkalosis, normal PaCO₂
High WOB, high MV requirements, increased oxygen (O₂) consumption
95
What are the initial settings for safety ventilation?
Maximum pressure, super-fast RR, and a dash of mystery
none of the above
Small P, RR not too low/high, Insp time 0.8-1.2 secs, 100% FiO₂, PEEP 3
Random
96
What should be done with FiO₂ as soon as possible?
Attempt to get FiO₂ less than 0.60 ASAP
Keep FiO₂ constant regardless of patient condition
Maintain FiO₂ at 0.80
Increase FiO₂ to 1.0
97
What are the physiologic objectives of mechanical ventilation?
Only increase lung volume
Only reduce WOB
Support gas exchange, increase lung volume, reduce WOB
Only support gas exchange
98
What is the target tidal volume (Vt) based on when setting inspiratory pressure?
8-10 ml/kg IBW
6-8 ml/kg IBW
4-6 ml/kg IBW
10-12 ml/kg IBW
99
What is VTi available in?
Only during naps and coffee breaks
PRVC and PAV breaths
Just in Volume Control—because “volume” is in the name
None of the above
100
What happens to volume when overdistension occurs?
Volume stops increasing despite increasing pressure
Volume continues to increase as pressure increases
Volume and pressure both drop suddenly
Volume decreases as pressure increases
101
What is the typical range for respiratory rate for adults?
20-24 BPM
12-18 BPM
6-10 BPM
25-30 BPM
102
What is the typical starting ∆P for inspiratory pressure in PC?
18-22 cmH2O
8-12 cmH2O
25-30 cmH2O
13-17 cmH2O
103
What triggers a PROCEDURE ERROR alarm?
The patient blinking too fast
ALL OF THE ABOVE
A cap on the circuit during setup
Forgetting to compliment the ventilator before powering it on
104
What does it indicate if the vent rate is higher than the set RR?
Need to adjust sensitivity
Need to decrease inspiratory pressure
Need to increase tidal volume
Need to increase flow rate
105
What is a typical setting guideline for apnea parameters?
Double the current ventilator settings as a safety margin
Match what you are already ventilating with
Set to the lowest possible values to avoid alarms
Use default factory settings without adjustment
106
What is the typical pressure sensitivity setting?
5 cmH₂O below baseline
2 cmH₂O below baseline
1 cmH₂O below baseline
4 cmH₂O below baseline
107
What ABG targets are used to gauge appropriate ventilation?
No specific pH/PaCO₂ targets necessary as long as oxygenation is adequate
pH 7.20–7.30, PaCO₂ 50–60 mmHg
pH 7.50–7.60, PaCO₂ 25–30 mmHg
Target normal pH range (7.35–7.45), target normal PaCO₂ range (35–45 mmHg)
108
What is the typical shape of a pressure/time waveform in volume control?
Square
Rising
Decelerating
Sinusoidal
109
What mode does safety ventilation use?
Pressure Control
APRV
Volume Support
Spontaneous mode
110
On a volume loop, what does a counterclockwise action indicate?
Overdistension
Normal breathing
The loop creation process
Air trapping
111
What does a lower angle (towards the pressure axis) signify on a pressure/volume loop?
A leak in the system
A decrease in compliance
An increase in compliance
Improved oxygenation
112
How long does the battery of the 840 need to charge for minimum?
4 hours
8 hours
30 minutes
12 hours
113
What FiO2 is often set for Apnea Parameters?
100%
21%
80%
50%
114
What parameter is measured on the Y-axis of a flow/volume loop?
Pressure
Flow
Time
Volume
115
What components are included in the inspiratory module of the 840 ventilator?
Heated expiratory filter and flow sensor
Flow sensor and pressure transducer
Expiratory filter and gas flow outlet
Proportional solenoids, filter, and water trap
116
What advantage does the "sandbox" function offer compared to previous methods?
Allows monitoring of patient parameters
Reduces the risk of errors
Allows faster changes
Allows all changes to be made at once before applying them to the patient
117
What two things are required to plug into the 840?
Only high pressure oxygen
Only the wall
High pressure air and oxygen, and the wall
Only high pressure air
118
What is the function of the O2 analyzer/sensor on the 840 ventilator?
To regulate the flow of oxygen
To monitor the air pressure
To ensure the set FiO2 is delivered
To measure the patient's blood oxygen levels
119
What does the valve behind the inspiratory filter do during power failure?
Opens to allow RA
Powers the vent
Regulates oxygen flow
Closes to prevent air leakage
120
What initial settings are monitored using ABGs?
How initial settings are working for the patient
The patient’s nutritional status
The exact cause of the patient’s original illness
The need for immediate extubation
121
What is a typical setting guideline for apnea parameters?
Let the ventilator randomly choose—it’s basically an AI, right?
Double the current settings to be extra safe (and dramatic)
Set them to the lowest possible values—just to see what happens
Match what you are already ventilating with
122
What does the dark blue zone in the gray bar show?
The patient's mood ring reading—vent edition
The ventilator’s best guess at future lottery numbers
A random graphic meant to look high-tech
Trend over the last 200 breaths
123
What are the typical settings for FVS (Full Ventilatory Support)?
RR 4–8, Vt 8–10 mL/kg, goal PaCO₂ 45–55 mmHg
RRR > 12, Vt 10–12 mL/kg, goal PaCO₂ 25–35 mmHg
RR > 8, Vt 6–8 mL/kg, goal PaCO₂ 35–45 mmHg
RR < 6, Vt 4–6 mL/kg, goal PaCO₂ 50–60 mmHg
124
What is the typical range for VT based on IBW?
10-12 mL/kg
2-4 mL/kg
14-16 mL/kg
6-8 mL/kg
125
What parameters should always be set on a ventilator, regardless of the primary mode of ventilation?
Alarm volume and touchscreen brightness—because aesthetics matter
Apnea parameters—bc even machines need a plan when pt forgets to breathe
Humidification level and FiO₂, as long as you're feeling generous
The patient’s favorite Spotify playlist and room lighting mood
126
What is the formula for IBW in males?
55 + 0.95 × (centimeters of height – 150)
45 + 1.0 × (centimeters of height – 150)
50 + 0.91 × (centimeters of height – 152.4)
48 + 0.85 × (centimeters of height – 150)
127
What PaO2 level indicates refractory hypoxemia?
PaO₂ > 80 mmHg on room air
PaO₂ between 60–80 mmHg with oxygen therapy
Low PaO₂ despite supplemental oxygen therapy (PaO₂ < 55 mmHg)
High PaO₂ (> 100 mmHg) on room air
128
What components will the battery NOT power on the 840?
The display screen
The compressor and humidifier
The vent electronics
The alarm system
129
What is the typical flow sensitivity setting?
5-6 LPM
2-3 LPM
3-4 LPM
4-5 LPM
130
In AC mode, what type of breaths are not allowed?
Triggered
Assisted
Spontaneous
Mandatory
131
What is the function of the proportional solenoids in the BDU?
To regulate the temperature of the air
To monitor the patient's breathing rate.
To deliver the correct amount of air and O2
To control the humidifier
132
What is the expected accuracy range for monitored ETCO₂?
+/- 3-5 mmHg
+/- 2-3 mmHg
+/- 1-2 mmHg
Not specified
133
What can be connected outside the inspiratory filter as a backup?
A flow sensor
An external O₂ analyzer
A humidifier
A pressure sensor
134
What should be re-evaluated once mechanical ventilation is applied?
FiO₂ and PEEP
WOB and Auto-triggering
Itime and PIP
RR and VT
135
What is the typical upper limit for apnea pressure settings?
30 cmH2O
10 cmH2O
40 cmH2O
20 cmH2O
136
What does a gradually rising pressure on a volume loop indicate?
A VC breath
A spontaneous breath
A PC breath
An obstructed airway
137
What PaO2 range is targeted for appropriate oxygenation at sea level?
50-60 mmHg
80-100 mmHg
70-80 mmHg
60-70 mmHg
138
What is the recommendation for titrating PEEP in most situations?
Do not titrate PEEP to values less than 5 cmH₂O
Increase PEEP until SpO₂ improves, regardless of the value
Titrate PEEP based on PaCO₂ levels
Set PEEP to the highest tolerated level for the patient
139
What does PEEP stand for in the context of ventilation?
Peak Expiratory End Pressure
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
Pulmonary Expiratory Pressure
Peak End-Expiratory Pause
140
What is the most common type of trigger?
Time trigger
Pressure trigger
Volume trigger
Flow trigger
141
What happens if the cord between the GUI and BDU is cut?
The GUI takes over ventilation
The patient must be manually ventilated
The BDU initiates safety ventilation
The ventilator shuts down completely
142
What does it mean that with Bilevel there are "2 different pressures"?
Two different ventilation modes are used
Two different oxygen levels are used
Two different alarms are used
Two different pressures are used
143
What is the primary goal of FVS (Full Ventilatory Support)?
The VTR does some work
Provide all work necessary to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation
Patient does some work
Patient actively participates in ventilation
144
What is the typical shape of a flow waveform in pressure support?
Decelerating
Rising
Square
Constant
145
What does the whole area within a pressure/volume loop represent?
Airway Resistance
Compliance
The WOB
VT
146
What is the effect of a square flow pattern?
Provides longer Ti and lower PIP’s
Decreases tidal volume and increases expiratory time
Delivers more flow at the beginning of inspiration
Provides shorter Ti and often higher PIP’s
147
How should low inspiratory pressure alarms be set?
Equal to PEEP
Equal to PIP
10 cmH2O above PIP
10 cmH2O below PIP or 5 cmH2O above PEEP, whichever is higher
148
What can be configured in all modes thanks to a ventilator function?
FiO2 levels
VT
Apnea parameters
Pressure alarms
149
What is a typical setting for the Apnea Time Interval alarm?
5-10 seconds
10-20 seconds
30-40 seconds
20-30 seconds

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