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Unit 2 Test Review
Unit 2 Test Review
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Chapter 4 waves and tides and Chapter 5 Ocean and Atmosphere Circulation
Flashcards
57 cards
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1
Which of the following has the greatest influence on the Earth’s winds and surface currents?
evaporation
precipitation
latent heat of colling
uneven heating
2
Horse latitudes at sea correspond to ____ on land.
tropical rainforests
glaciers
great deserts
mountain ranges
3
What causes ocean waves to form?
Energy from the disturbing force
Energy from the restoring force
Energy from the Stokes drif
Energy from the wavelength
4
What is not an important factor for the development of wind waves?
Wind speed
Wind direction
Tides
Fetch
5
What type of current occurs during a high tide?
Flood current
Ebb current
Tidal influx
Slack water
6
What is a characteristic of an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ESNO)?
Trade winds across the Pacific weaken or reverse directions
All of these choices
High pressure area shifts to the western Pacific
Equatorial currents stop
7
What is a wave period?
The distance between two successive crests or troughs
The time for a wave to move the distance of one wavelength
The end of a wave train
The number of waves passing a fixed point per second
8
Where do tropical cyclones come from?
High pressure systems
Within a single cool and dry air mass
Within a single warm and humid air mass
Between air masses
9
What is a gyre?
A circular flow of water around the periphery of ocean basin
None of these choices
A type of thermohaline current
A type of surface current
10
What is the name given by sailors to the area where Hadley cells converge?
Trade winds
Intertropical convergence zone
Doldrums
Horse latitudes
11
The sun and moon are aligned in a right angle with Earth. What kind of tide would this produce?
Lunar tide
Neap tide
Solar tide
Spring tide
12
What causes the solar heating of Earth to have seasonal variations?
The length of the Earth's rotation
The Coriolis Effect
The tilt of the Earth's axis from the sun
None of these choices
13
Extratropical cyclones form between which two types of atmospheric cells?
Two Hadley cells
A polar cell and a Hadley cell
A polar cell and a Ferrel cell
A Hadley cell and a Ferrel cell
14
What is the net force of inertia and gravitational attraction combined?
All of these choices
Tractive forces
Gravitational forces
Centrifugal forces
15
Winds that move toward the east are known as the:
tradewinds
doldrums
westerlies
easterlies
16
What organism uses the tides, specifically high spring tides, to time their breeding behaviors?
Hantzchia
Fiddle crabs
Grunion
Sand crabs
17
Where does the largest amount of upwelling occur?
Polar upwelling
Coastal upwelling
Mid-latitude upwelling
Equatorial upwelling
18
What is the residence time of water vapor in the lower atmosphere?
2 days
5 days
20 days
10 days
19
Why are fisheries heavily impacted by ENSO events?
Low pressure systems create downwelling events
Rise in sea level effects migration patterns
Nutrient-rich currents are interrupted when trade wind shift
Upwelling ceases
20
When does a wave begin to interact with its bottom?
When the bottom is deeper than twice the wavelength
When the bottom is shallower than the 1/2 wavelength
When the bottom is shallower than twice the wavelength
When the bottom is deeper than 1/2 the wavelength
21
Ozone is found in what layer of the atmosphere?
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
22
How many atmospheric cells are present in each hemisphere?
8
4
6
3
23
Which are the most persistent surface winds?
Easterlies
Westerlies
Doldrums
Horse latitudes
24
Isotopes have the same number of _______ but a different number of _______.
protons, neutrons
electrons, protons4
neutrons, protons
protons, electrons
25
Why does the heat budget vary with latitude?
The angle of the sun at varying latitudes
The axis of the Earth
Atmospheric circulation currents disperse solar radiation
The proximity to magnetic poles
26
How often do destructive tsunamis strike somewhere in the world?
Approximately once a year
Approximately once every decade
Approximately a few times per year
Approximately one every two years
27
What occurs when waves hit an obstacle straight on?
Wave diffraction
Wave dispersion
Wave reflection
Wave refraction
28
Which is not an example of a tropical cyclone?
Hurricane
Willi-willi
Typhoon
Nor'easter
29
Ocean warming is a direct result of:
melting of glaciers and polar ice caps.
melting of glaciers and polar ice caps and thermal expansion.
thermal expansion.
ocean acidification, melting of glaciers, polar ice caps, thermal expansion
30
What is a sea?
A group of waves separated by wavelength
None of these choices
An area where irregular waves peak due to wind
A semi-enclosed body of water
31
What is a storm surge?
Higher than normal tides
Mvmntof wtr duetohigh atmsphric pressure creates domeofwater
Severe flooding due to rapid rainfall
Mvmnt of wtr dueto lowatmsphric pressure creates domeofwater
32
What is the name for slow, deep currents beneath the pycnocline?
Polar currents
Convection currents
Thermohaline currents
Surface currents
33
What is a cause of atmospheric circulation?
Conduction currents
The amount of reflection of solar radiation
The Coriolis Effect
The temperature of Earth's surface
34
What is considered to be the largest western boundary current?
East Australian Current
Brazil Current
Canary Current
Gulf Stream
35
Two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day is what kind of tidal pattern?
Diurnal tides
Spring tides
Semidiurnal mixed tides
Semidiurnal tides
36
Where is density stratification the least pronounced?
Temperate latitudes
All areas have pronounced density stratification
Polar latitudes
Tropical latitudes
37
What kind of waves are tides?
Free waves
Forced waves
Standing waves
Transitional waves
38
What is the Ekman spiral?
Theslower mvmnt of wateras it getsfurther awayfrom thesource
The sum of all water directions in wind affected layers
The movement of water in the same direction as the wind
The friction created on the ocean's surface layer from wind
39
The Coriolis effect is the direct result of which of the following?
temperature
ocean currents
gravitational pull of the sun
rotation of Earth
40
What has a large impact on the heights and patterns of tides?
Wavelength
Gravity
Basin topography
Climate
41
Which water mass is not produced by caballing?
Antarctic Bottom Water
Antarctic Intermediate Water
Mediterranean Deep Water
North Atlantic Intermediate Water
42
What is La Niña?
A colder than normal circulation event
The result of volcanic eruptions
A circulation due to density and salinity
A warmer than normal circulation event
43
What determines the velocity of a tidal wave?
Ocean depth
Coriolis effect
Gravity
Trade winds
44
What moves the water evaporated from the ocean's surface?
Wind
Climate
Precipitation
Weather
45
What is an ebb current?
The fall in sea level as a tide trough approaches
The fall in sea level as a tide crest approaches
The rise in sea level as a tide crest approaches
The rise in sea level as a tide trough approaches
46
What atmosphereic zone contains 90% of all atmospheric gas.
Troposhpere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Exosphere
47
Why does the moon have more of an impact on tides than the sun?
The distance of the moon is closer
The size of the moon is more in balance to Earth
None of these choices
The sun has more power over the tides than the moon
48
What determines the availability of energy in a tropical cyclone?
The storm needs to stay over warm waters
Condensation
Evaporation rates
Latent heat of vaporization
49
When high or low tidal currents begin to change direction, it is called:
Flood water
Stagnant water
Ebb water
Slack water
50
What determines the characteristics of ocean waves?
The wave height and wave frequency
The wavelength and wave period
The wave period and wave frequency
The wavelength and water depth
51
What is the restoring force of a wave?
The force of that creates the wave
The force that allows waves to build energy
The force that returns water to a calm state
The force that determines a wave's size
52
What direction would a gyre in the Southern Hemisphere flow towards?
Towards the equator
Right
Left
Poleward
53
In the natural carbon cycle, the ocean influences climate by controlling CO2 levels primarily through:
massive geological events and fossil fuels.
biological activity and air-sea exchange.
biological activity and massive geological events.
air-sea exchange and fossil fuels.
54
Where do the most intense summer monsoons occur?
South America
Gulf of Mexico
Asia
Africa
55
What is the term for a pattern of wind circulation that changes with season?
Monsoon
Atmospheric cell
Land breeze
Doldrums
56
If a ship is trying to sail from the eastern U.S. to Europe, what route would best to take?
A southern route to take advantage of the easterlies
A southern route to take advantage of the westerlies
A northern route to take advantage of the westerlies
A northern route to take advantage of the easterlies
57
Warming sea surface temperatures may increase the rate and severity of cyclonic storms. Why?
) Warming sea temperatures cause an area of high pressure to form
Warming sea temperatures decrease the energy input into the storm
Warming sea temperatures increase the energy input into the storm
Warming sea temperatures decrease the amount of evaporation
