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Duplicate of AP Psychology Unit 0: Research Methods 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP Psychology Unit 0: Research Methods 2024
Duplicate of AP Psychology Unit 0: Research Methods 2024
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1
You are going to investigate how alcohol affects aggression. The # of drinks is called:
the independent variable
the confounding variable
the dependent variable
the extraneous variable
2
What percent of data should fall within two standard deviations of the mean?
95%
68%
97%
99.7%
3
Effect size
a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
an early school of thought promoted by Freud
a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by
4
What type of correlation is demonstrated by the scatterplot?
Negative
No Correlation
Positive
Upward
5
What is Confirmation Bias?
bias after accepting a position at an employer
checking to be sure something has bias
bias that has been proven
looking for sources that support your opinions
6
Cory scored high on his math and engineering test. His scores show a _________ correlation
skewed
perfect
negative
positive
7
What is an Illusory Correlation?
A distortion on the graph
A positive correlation between two variables
An error in the graph caused by a sampling bias
Our tendency to perceive non-existent correlations.
8
Meta-analysis is:
Combining the findings from many similar studies
Combining descriptive and experimental research tactics
Analyzing more than 1,000 subjects
Surveying people from all around the globe
9
If a correlation is STRONGLY positive, it indicates causation.
True
False
10
Fill in the blank: To achieve a representative sample of the population, one would use _____.
Random Assignment
Random Sampling
11
To study the effects of lighting on mood. In this study the dependent variable is
lighting
can't be determined
students
mood
12
Which of the following is not a form of descriptive research?
standard deviation
case study
naturalistic observation
survey
13
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?
-0.82
0.54
-0.25
0.73
14
Operational definitions
allow a study to be statistically significant
define variables and allow for study replication
are what the researcher changes in an experiment
force researchers to rely on introspection
15
Why is it called a double blind procedure?
Neither patient nor staff understand what is taking place
The staff is unaware of what variable the patient receives
The patient is blindfolded before given the variable
both patient & staff are ignorant to the patients group
16
Which of the following summarizes a longitudinal study?
Research over long period of time; uses the same population
Research done in a little over a month; uses children
Research over a long period of time; uses entire generation
Research over lifetime; needs new population every 10 years
17
Social Desirability Bias
Respondant does not use bias when completing a survey.
Responses are unrelated to the content of the question.
Believe that are people are inherently good.
Give socially approved answers on a survey.
18
Psychologists prefer the experimental method because
experiments are more likely to support psychologists' hypthesis.
it is easier to obtain a random sample.
experiments can show cause and effect relationships.
double-blind designs are unnecessary.
19
Fill in the blank: The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon is otherwise known as ________.
Hindsight Bias
Illusory Correlation
Overconfidence
Presumptions Tendencies
20
Low Standard Deviation
The data is closer to the mean
The data is farther from the mean
21
After the experiment, the staff debriefs the participants. What does debriefing mean?
Must inform participants prior to the experiment
It means the experiment is over
It means that they are being released from the experiment
An explanation of the study, its purpose, and deceptions
22
The higher the room temperature, the lower the student performance would be an example of:
Positive correlation
Zero correlation
Independent correlation
Negative correlation
23
Researchers collected the data below. Which of the following psychological concept is the focus of the research?
The role of cultural bias on intelligence testing.
The interaction of nature vs nurture.
The influence of psychoactive drugs on intelligence.
The role of the brain in personal success.
24
Which type of research investigates cause and effect?
descriptive research
experimental
correlational
inferential statistics
25
Random assignment is a method for controlling differences between what?
experimental and control group
the dependent and independent variable
nature vs. nurture
empirical data and subjective data
26
A p-value of
p<0.05
means that:
The data is not significant
The results are due to chance
The data is significant
The results are due to the IV
27
What is the trend in this set of data?
Weak negative correlation
Weak positive correlation
No correlation
Strong negative correlation
28
What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a cross-sequential study?
A cross sequential is a longer study than cross sectional
A cross sequential study only studies one group and cross sectional is many
A cross sectional study is longer than a cross sequential study
A cross sequential study often contains a certain social group
29
Bimodal distributions...
has two very common data values (peaks) seen in a dot plot or histogram
may be skewed to the right of to the left
are always symmetric
mean = median
30
Which method provides a snapshot of everyday life without controlling variables?
Experiment
Scatterplot
Naturalistic Observation
Correlation coefficient
31
What type of descriptive research focuses on one participant?
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation
survey
32
Quasi-experiments...
...allow comparisons between pre-existing groups; no random assignment
...allow random sampling of participants.
...allow cause-effect inferences.
...are conducted in highly controlled conditions in a lab.
33
The APA ethics code
lists all violations for psychologists to avoid.
is a general guideline for psychologists.
provides specific rules to follow.
provides principles for research only.
34
All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study is known as what?
The Participants
The Experimental Group
The Control Group
The Population
35
Inferential statistics
are used test hypotheses.
are used to describe relationships between variables.
are used to test relationships between two variables.
always have an probability of .05
36
What is the mode of the following distribution of scores: 9, 3, 1, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 0, 3
3
1
9
2
37
What is the Hawthorne effect?
The assessors behave differently if they know the participants
Participants change their behavior when they know they are being observed
The ratio of drop-outs increase with the duration of the study
The participants are more likely to finish the study if they are paid
38
Emma scored a 100% on the test, while everyone else failed. If we were to graph the distribution, it would be
normal distribution
symmetrical
negatively skewed
positively skewed
39
Which statistical technique determines how close your data falls within the mean?
range
standard deviation
correlational coefficient
p-value
40
A single-blind study is when...
The participant does not know which group they are in.
The IV is withheld from the control group.
A group is studied for many years over the course of their lives.
Neither participants nor researchers know who is in which group.
41
What % of data must fall within one standard deviation from the mean?
95%
50%
68%
33%
42
Which relationship indicates the weakest?
-0.96
-0.88
0.23
0.57
43
What does a theory offer a psychologist?
An organized view of the matter from the scientific approach
Ideas that organize what can be observed
A clear definition of the events taking place
Ideas that allow for easy explanation
44
The placebo effect
happens when a real response occurs for a fake treatment
is eliminated with double blinding
is eliminated with blinding
is when experiment participants get no benefit.
45
Regression toward the mean...
involves the reduction of the mean
shows a positive correlation
is displayed as a positively skewed graph
occurs when a larger sample set moves data closer to the mean
