FINAL EXAM REVIEW PROB & STATS

There are three main measures of central tendency: the mode, the median and the mean

median of a data set

means that one shape becomes exactly like another when you move it in some way

data plot that uses part of the data values as the stem and part of the data values as the leaf

For a set of data, the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum

falls to the left

divide the population into groups

highest number minus lower number and divide by number of classes

number in the middle

P(AB)=P(A)P(B)

type of graph that shows how often something happens, in percentages

value that (is much smaller or larger than) most of the other values in a set of data

as an experiment is repeated over and over, the empirical probability an event

When two events are said to be independent of each other

lower class boundary is found by subtracting 0.5 units from the lower class limit .5 for upper

Found by adding the two class limits and dividing the result by 2.

They're just products, indicated by an exclamation mark. For instance, "four factorial"

the area under the normal curve is equal to 1.0

a sample in which each member of the population is assigned a number.Convenience sample

used to represent a frequency distribution for a categorical variable

the middle number between the smallest number and the median of the data set

space is a set with a uniform structure

A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes

consists of numerical measurements or counts

differs from a discrete probability distributionin several ways

is a measure for how far a data point is above or below the population mean,

known as the three-sigma rule or the 68-95-99.7 rule,

smallest data value that can be included in the class

the average of the numbers

commonly exhibit similar patterns at increasingly small scales.

data is collected over time. represents the data that occurred over a specific period of tim

Proportion: from 0 to 1. Percentages: from 0% to 100%.

measure of how spread out numbers are. Its symbol

fraction of times an answer occurs

the theoretical curve that shows how often an experiment will produce a particular result

the set of all outcomes in a sample space that are not included in event E

the practice of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities?

alues is not interpretable in an ordinal measure

For a set of data, a number for which 75% of the data is less than that number.

The average of the squared differences from the Mean

The outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the second event

some data points contribute more “weight” than others

distance between attributes

Numerical description of a population characteristic

measure of variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles

2 or more

an action, or trial, through which specific results (counts, measurements, or responses)

graphic way to display the median, quartiles, and extremes of a data set

indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean

What is the probability that the sequence of 8 tosses yields 3 heads (H) and 5 tails (T)?

Numerical description of a sample characteristic.

type of simple histogram-like chart used in statistics

A set of all possible outcomes or events in an experiment that cannot be further broken down.

classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables

measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation

a graph that displays the data by using lines that connect points plotted

falls to the right

mathematical function number of instances in which a variable takes each of its possible values

an arrangement of all or part of a set of objects, with regard to the order of the arrangement

the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population

which refers to a distribution having two local maxima

measure of how spread out numbers are.

one that has two or more categories

3 or more

is based on observations or experiences obtained from probability experiments

How often something happens divided by all outcomes.

that can only take on a finite number of values

squared equals the sum of x minus the mean squared divided by n

consists only of available members of the population.

the likelihood that a target behavior will occur in a given circumstance

A possible result of a probability experiment

the number or data values contained in a specific class

has an infinite number of possible values

visual representation of ranked categorical data

divided into sections or wedges according to the percentage of frequencies in each category

total set of observations that can be made

is used to find the probability that a statistic is observed below, above, or between value

e difference between the lowest and highest values

The branch of statistics that involves the organization, summarization, and display of data.

A subset of a population.

consists of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries

not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change?

is a way to figure out the number of outcomes in a probability problem

if they cannot occur at the same time

is a measure of how spread out numbers are.

a distribution that shows the number of data values less than or equal to a specific value

number that occurs the most

an estimated probability as determined by the decision maker

one in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

graph in which the values of two variables are plotted along two axes

members of the population are divided into two more subsets that share a similar characteristic

is used when each outcome in a sample space is equally likely to occur

The values that divide a list of numbers into quarters.

occurs when a normal random variable has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.

largest data value that can go into the class.

a quantity having a numerical value for each member of a group?