QMGT 101

radiologist wants less contrast what would you do to kVp& mAs?

distance from the object under examination to the image receptor

An instrument that provides a readout of the amount of blackening (density) on a film

What is NOT one of the 4 components of noise?

guide shoe marks and dirty rollers are examples of what type of artifact?

What is a principle geometeric factor that affects radiographic quality?

What is the compensation factors for children ages 2-4

When the effective atomic number of adjacent tissues is very different subject contrast is very

Demonstrate fewer distinct grid lines on film,Higher xray technique required, more patient dose

A common artifact that is produced in the developing tank

___grid used as moving grids. Designed to eliminate grid cutoff. More difficult to manufacture.

»The thicker the patient the___ x-radiation is required to penetrate the patient &expose the IR

What is NOT one of the 3 classifications of artifacts?

Air-gap techniques uses an increased OID to prevent scatter radiation from reaching IR

Unintentional film exposure to radiation or improper storage.

factors generally control the sharpness of image detail

Reduced magnification size distortion _____ the resolution of recorded detail

OD is a logarithmic funtction with ranges from

Calibrationconsiderations:Totalfiltration – ____ mm Al is the prescribed standard

The height of grid strips divided by the thickness of the interspace material

strong, active, the average patient

what uses fixed mAvalue and a kVp that varies according to the thickness of the anatomical part

Due to the geometry of an angled anode target, radiation intensity is more on the cathode side

What is the heat units formula for single phase?

What component of noise is controlled by the technologist/radiographer?

mAs value must be changed approximately ___% to produce a perceptible change in OD

High speed screen, Relative speed:

Degreeof blackness present at any given point on the film and many varying numeric values.

Grids have two types of moving mechanisms which are:

•For swollen parts as a result oftrauma, a ______mAs increase may be required

arethe tools that radiographers use to create high-quality radiographs

What is usually preferred to be changed to compensate for density.

To prevent storage and handling artifacts store films at optimum conditions of:

 Film and screens must be matched to each other to achieve diagnostic quality images

Combines the use of a scintillator with a device that can convert light to an electric signal

is motor driven and moves the grid at right angles to the direction of the grid’s lead lines

Used to detect the presence of radiation

Fine details screens have a RS of

Device used to amplify the incoming x-ray beam and reduce a patient radiation dose

Measures the quantity of exposure it has received.

An individual who has been selected to manage the quality assurance program

Contrast Improvement Factor (K) where the average K is

Ability to distinguish anatomicstructures having similar subject contrast aka recorded detail

what is not apparent on the radiographic image and influences resolution and noise?

is NOT one of the 3 interrelated categories of radiographic qualty required to get high quality

exposure time is reduced the mA must be _____  to provide the required intensity of the beam

Most of the artifacts that occur durin processing are caused by the ___ system of the processor

method of monitoring both x-ray equipment and film intensifying screens combinations

What is not one of the 3 conditions that contribute to image distortion

A 15% increase in kVp causes a _______ of exposure to the IR

if the OD logarithm was 0.2 the film is almost ______.

The ratio of transmitted primary radiation to transmitted scatter radiation

any irregularity on a xray that isnt caused by the proper shadowin of tissue by the primarybeam

High grid ratio does all the following EXCEPT:

A visible change in contrast will not be perceived until the kVp is changed by

The use of very fast intensifying screens result in ___________ noise

Distance from the x-ray tube to the image receptor

You have a 10mA and want the exam to take 4 secs also the patient is ELDERLY what is your mAs?

Best control involves exposin the IR correctly so that the OD lies w/in the diagnostic range of

Misrepresentation of the size and shape of the structure being examined

The size and shape of a patient iscalled              

Conditions which require ½ x mAs include all the following EXCEPT:

Spatial resolution improves as all the following decreases EXCEPT:

Patients who are bedridden over six months require ____the basic mAs

What is the compensation factors for children ages 2-4

Mismatching of film and screens often _________ncreases patient radiation dose

usually requires no change in exposure factors frm the values used for the same anatomical part

Ratio of contrast of an xray taken w/the grid to the contrast of a radiograph taken w/o a grid

Patient dose __________ with increasing grid ratio

What d oyou do to your technical factors if you have a patient wth a fiber glass cast?

IR exposure is always greater at the cathode end it is following:

is less on the anode side and greater on the cathode side

Staff Radiographer has all the following responsiblities EXCEPT:

What type of kVp chart is used most often?

alters intensity of the beam reaching the IR according to the inverse square law.

What is NOT one of the 3 distinct patterns of static

type of grid that is the simplest, most often used

Change in mAs for overexposure _______mAs (for a big change)

Dry plaster - Increase the mAs by ___ times

if a patient has sclerosis what technical factors do you change and how?

Measures radiation that passes through a thin strip of aluminum oxide

Designed to expose a reproducible, uniform, optical step wedge onto a film

When OID is minimized resolution is improved when SID

material must be radiolucent to allow radiation to pass thru it. Al is the material of choice

to decrease the contrast but need the same density,you must_____ kVp by15% &lower the mAs by50%

Grid Ratio is 5:1 to 16:1 and ______ to _____ used in general purpose rooms

Shouldbe used as the principle method of adjusting for insufficient or excessivedensity

A tool used to improve image contrast by reducing the level of scatter radiation

Make minor adjustments by subtracting _________to achieve a satisfactory film

The rule for contrast changes is to make adjustments in increments of

if you  want lower contrast with the same density what do you do to the technical factors?

K of 1 in Contrast Improvement Factor (K) equals

few shades of gray, short scale contrast, low kVp, and wide width are all factors of

if you have a patient with a small to medum cast what happens to the mAs

HU = kVp x mAs X 1.35 is the formula for ________phase?

Usually results from incorrect or inadequate processing chemistry or processing technique

Poor film-screen contact can produce lack of

Low subject contrast has a ____ latitude in exposure factors

mAs =

Grids,SID, and OID have a(an) _________ relationship to density

thin but healthy appearing

Radiographic contrast is the product of two separate elements

Before exposure technique factors can beselected the x-ray equipment must be:

A change in ___ alters the intensity of the beam when the mAs and other factors remain the same

If OD on a xray is increased w/the use of kVp, increase 15% in kVp is the equal to ____ the mAs

QA programs use a ___-step process to resolve identified patient care problems

if you have a high kVp what is the patient dose with no grid?

is the random fluctuation in the optical density of the image

cause “emulsion pick-off” &/or “gelatin buildup, which results in “sludge” deposits on the film

–Mostimportantly kVp controls the scale of ____________ on the finished radiograph

Sharpness of the structural edges of the radiographic image

A series of procedures are required to control the radiographic image from start to finish

Any irregularity on an image that isnt caused by proper shadowing of tissue by the primarybeam

What is NOT a type of motion

_____spatial resolution and contrast resolution require low noise and slow image receptors

Par speed screen (Universal/Medium speed)

You have a patient who is 2-4 years of age what would you do to the mAs

mAs isused as the primary controller of image receptor exposure and film density making it a

Number of grid strips or grid lines per inch or per centimeter

electromagnets pullng the grid to one side & releases it causing the grid to move in a circle

As mAs increases, x-ray exposure & x-ray density___ proportionally which increases film density

is the primary controller of x-ray quantity and density

the four prime exposure factors are kVp, mA(current), exposure time(s), and ____________.

Conditions which require 2x mAs include all the followinf EXCEPT:

____________strips absorb scatter radiation and are made of lead.

most important prime exposure factors are___&___primarily responsible for xray quality &control

if the film is too dark what do you do to the mAs?

The aspect of quality assurance that monitors technical equipment to maintain quality standards

_____-ratio grids increase patient radiation dose

 More distance(higher SID) - less x-rays reaching film = ____density

Type of grid that is most effective in cleaning up scatter radiation

is the major controller of image resolution because it controls the “penumbra”

is a management system; management system may be medically,technically or managerial oriented

the object appears to be longer than it is,Occurs when the tube or IR are improperly aligned

You took a Xray at 100kVp the radiologist comes back & they want more contrast what do you do?

the fidelity with which the anatomic structure being examined is displayed on the radiograph

________is an example of an influencing factor?

Individuals at ages 55 years and older will generally require only ___of the normal adult mAs

When the SID is increased, mAs is

sections of the body may have equal thickness, yet different mass density requiring adjustments

Casts are produced with either

can occur if the film is stacked too high

Grid ratio =

Wet plaster – Increase the mAs by ____ times

is the primary control of x-ray beam quality and therefore beam penetration and contrast

if you have a patient with malignant metastases what would you change?

Used to amplify the incoming x-ray beam and reduce patient radiation dose

What is the compensation factors for children ages 5-12

Fiber-interspace grids can become warped bc of their ___(ability to absorb mositure in the air)

What is NOT a Field Survey instruments?