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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent nations with special privileges
independent trade partners
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
possessions to be exploited
2
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
self-determination
cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism
imperialism
3
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
industrialism
capitalism
manorialism
mercantilism
4
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
Age of Exploration in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
decline in African slave trade
growth of feudalism in Europe
5
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the creation of democratic governments
the toleration of members of other cultures
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
a decrease in trade and commerce
6
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
7
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
developed self-sufficient economies
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
received support from European colonial governments
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
8
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
diseases introduced by the Spanish
wars btwn various native groups
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
9
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
establishing trade routes to the Americas
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
10
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
gold and salt
rifles and diamonds
iron ore and coal
spices and silk
11
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
market economy
absolutism
mercantalism
manorilaism
12
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italy was politically unified
13
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
development of a European middle class
14
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
15
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
a thriving system of international trade
rejection of Christian teachings
a strong central government
limited social mobility
16
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
decline of Greek city-states
start of the Renaissance in Italy
first religious wars in Europe
17
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
18
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
an adoption of Islam
an increased demand of goods from the East
the strengthening of the feudal system
increased European isolation
19
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
20
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
feudalism
communism
manorialism
socialism
21
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
locations were favorable for trade
military power led to industrialization
22
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
value of the individual
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
23
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
manorialism
free market
socialism
feudalism
24
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
favored separation from secular government
was a strong force that divided many people
25
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
The nobles encouraged social mobility
sharp class distinctions divided European society
the practices of the church led to classless society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
26
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
granted independence as soon as possible
encouraged to develop their own industries
27
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
failure of other nations to become interested in China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
cultural isolation of China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
28
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
29
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
prosperity and artistic creativty
war and constant invasion
mercantilism and industrial expansion
feudalism and oppression
30
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
31
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
eliminating warfare
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
fostering the growth of religion
32
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
destruction of Muslim military power
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
restoration of the Byzantine empire
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
33
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
avoiding contact with the West
employing superior military skills
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
34
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
growth of democratic forms of gov't
exploitation of people and resources
opposition to the Catholic Church
rejection of Spanish culture
35
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Court systems were developed
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
36
The European feudal system was
supported by the labor of peasants
designed to promote political and economic equality
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
controlled by a powerful middle class
37
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
contact with other cultures through trade
a military route for the defense of the norther border
38
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
universal suffrage/democracy
racial diversity
a questioning spirit
39
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Montesquei
Voltaire
Locke
Machiavelli
40
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
large cities were not established until Europeans came
41
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Mecca to Asia Minor
Senegal to India
Cairo to Tours
the Indus River to Spain
42
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
lived at peace with their neighbors
produced few cultural achievements
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
43
The European feudal system represents a society based on
political ability
accumulated wealth
educational achievement
social class
44
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
democratic ideas
Latin language
Orthodox Christianity
45
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
Renaissance
Enlightenment
46
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
divide power evenly
obtain consent of the governed
47
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
humanism
individualism
mysticism
secularism
48
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
direct democracy
practicing rituals to please the gods
mercantilism
equality among the social classes
49
The Byzantine Empire
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
adapted the Roman principles of justice
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
used a senate as the chief governing body
50
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
the furthest expansion of their borders
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the end of foreign domination
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
51
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
52
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
constitutional monarchies
feudal governments
Communist regimes
centralized powers
53
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
54
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Ottoman
Byzantine
Hellenistic
Mongol
55
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
development of extensive trade
formation of cultural links with Europe
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
56
Africa's geography is characterized by
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a lack of major river systems
a diverse topography
an absence of rain forests
57
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
accessible by water
close to a network of navigable rivers
isolated from the rest of Europe
protected by mountains
58
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
social equality
origin in the Andes Mountains
dedication to advancement of science
peaceful territorial expansion
59
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
an absolutist gov't
a wealthy class invested in the arts
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking aristocracy
60
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
merchants and pilgrims
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
missionaries and slave traders
61
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Religious reform was a major concern
62
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion was a way of life that governed people
63
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
accept medieval W European religious ideas
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
64
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
social kinship of the Ashanti people
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
military strategies of the Mali
65
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
66
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
67
Humanism was
belief in the supremacy of the collective
a rejection of ancient civilizations
appreciation for the worth of the individual
embracing the separation of church and state
68
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
materialism
religious themes
classic Greek and Roman subjects
human scientific achievements
69
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Iran and Thailand
Japan and Tibet
Russia and Iraq
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
70
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
manorialism
mercantalism
laissez-faire capitalism
socialism
71
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Ottoman
Assyrian
Holy Roman
Byzantine
72
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
The African societies flourished at the same time
These had rich history before European contact
73
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
74
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
had decentralized political structures
emphasized social equality
established monotheistic religions
75
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in rain forest areas
on major trading routes
in mountainous terrain
in coastal areas
76
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
development of feudalism in Europe
77
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
the many opportunities for social mobility
an open democratic society
a decentralized government
an adoption of Christianity
78
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
protect the port city of Guangzhou
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
79
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
80
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
increased political power for the clergy
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
lower living standards for industrial workers
81
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Gupta Empire
Aztec Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
82
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
establish Christianity in W Europe
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
unite warring Arab peoples
83
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Middle Ages
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
84
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
outbreak of deadly diseases
introduction of new military
rise of nation states
fall of Constantinople
85
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
practice monotheism
followed a democratic system
86
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
breakdown of central government
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
fall of Rome
decline of trade
87
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
88
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
89
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
belief in democracy
cultural values
rigid social structure
90
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
manorialism
mercantilism
entrepreneurship
feudalism
91
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
consolidate the political power of the region
eliminate the need for a legal system
increase trade and manufacturing
provide order during a period of weak central governments
92
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
The Feudal system strengthened
93
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
promoted equality for women
gained overseas colonies
developed a representative government
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
94
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Africa and Southeast Asia
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
North America and Europe
95
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
respect for the rights of the indigenous
isolationism
the production of raw materials and cash crops
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
96
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
cities of origin for major religions
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
sites of early civilization
97
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
peaceful relations with other nations
an increased interest in science and technology
equality among Japanese citizens
a culture that accepted militarism
98
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
99
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a period of political chaos
a golden age
a time of colonial unrest
a poverty-stricken era
100
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
101
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
persecution of Jews and Christains
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
adoption of democratic government
102
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
codified laws
Islam
agricultural communes
103
One major result of the Crusades was the
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
long-term decrease in European trade
104
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was a religious center for Muslims
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
105
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
radical revolutionaries
warrior aristocrats
106
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
The Catholic Church was weakened
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Feudalism strengthened
107
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in one God
108
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
109
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
established absolutist governments
promoted peace and prosperity
110
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
111
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
112
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
self-sufficiency of the manor system
economic policies of the Roman Empire
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
113
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
It is better to be loved, than feared
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
114
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Ionic
Corinthian
Gothic
neoclassical
115
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
116
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
collapse of international trade
increase in influence of serfs
rise of nation-states
decreasing importance of towns and cities
117
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
the manor system and land ownership
118
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
expansion of world trade
weakening of the power of the middle class