What do tests of reliability demonstrate about a test instrument?

The stability of the instrument

Which type of clinical question may best be answered using an interpretive/QUALitative research design?

questions about meaning/experience

What is a cohort study?

Medical research used to investigate cause of disease and establish links

Why might data collected from qualitative research be considered less important than data obtained from RCTs?

The findings from qualitative research are not usually generalisable

Choose the correct 3 different research methodologies within the qualitative paradigm

Phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory

What does the confidence interval represent?

range that the true value might lie given size of the difference observed

which of the following is a ket assumption when undertaking QUALitative research?

its based on inductive reasoning

What is the most likely consequence of implementing evidence-based practice?

highest quality of care and best possible outcomes are more likely achieved

What type of clinical question would best be answered by interpretative/qualitative research designs?

Questions about meanings/experiences

How is clinical significance established at the outset of a research study?

determining minimum important difference that needs to be observed

How is statistical significance established at the outset of a research study?

By agreeing the level of the p-value to be used when analysing the results

What is the most important reason for using a framework such as PICOT to formulate clinical questions?

increases chance that best evidence will be identified quickly/efficiently

What type of clinical question would best be answered by positivist research designs?

Questions about clinical outcomes

What is one of the main purposes of intention-to-treat analysis?

maintain original group composition achieved following randomisation

A dependent variable is?

A variable that is contingent on that of another

Which of the following are examples of QUANtitative data collection tools?

Experiments, clinical trials, closed questionnaires

Name two UK based organisations that provide advice and guidance on ethics in research...

Research Ethics Service and the NMC

Researchers who fail to gain ethical approvals and carry out unethical research may face disciplinary action from...?

The law, professional bodies and their employers

What does data saturation mean in qualitative research?

No new themes of information are being identified

What are the benefits of EIDM?

Lessen gap between good research and practice

What sort of information might reasonably be considered confidential?

Any or all information of a personal, intimate or sexual nature.

Evidence Informed Decision Making

What is the main purpose of random allocation?

to promote internal and external validity

A catagorical variable is...

made up of groups of data like a cat or a dog

Which of the following best describes the qualities of QUALitative research?

Interpretivist, inductive, subjective and transferable

What are the barriers to change?

Psychological, organisational, resource, staff information and skill set

The PARIHS Framework examines the interactions between 3 key elements for knowledge translation, these are?

Evidence, Context, Facilitation

Mixed methods research allows what?

allows deeper exploration of diverse viewpoints and perspectives

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#NRS502 Revision - OCT2022

67 termsStudBud Administration1,085 plays

50 Questions taken from DLE tiles and the mock exam.

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Questions 67

Answers

1
What do tests of reliability demonstrate about a test instrument?
That an instrument reflects performance
The stability of the instrument
That an instrument can be used more than once
That an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure
2
Which type of clinical question may best be answered using an interpretive/QUALitative research design?
questions about diagnosis
questions about clinical outcomes
questions about meaning/experience
questions about prognosis
3
A nurse wanted to explore the working culture in an A&E dept., which research methodology is best suited to this study?
Grounded Theory
Survey
Ethnography
Phenomenology
4
A p-value needs to be what, to be considered statistically significant
0.05 or below
>0.05
Only less than 0.05
0.005 only
5
What is a cohort study?
Compares patients with a disease with patient who do not have disease.
Medical research used to investigate cause of disease and establish links
Scientific experiment with random assignment
Participants are not randomised in groups, but placed there
6
Thematic Analysis does not include the following...
coding
defining them
familiarisation of data
measurements
7
Why might data collected from qualitative research be considered less important than data obtained from RCTs?
The findings from qualitative research are not usually generalisable
The findings from qualitative research generally lack rigour
The findings from qualitative research based on interview data
The findings from qualitative research are not methodologically robust
8
Choose the correct 3 different research methodologies within the qualitative paradigm
Mixed methods, case study, randomised controlled Trial
Survey, grounded theory, case study
Phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory
Phenomenology, ethnography, randomised controlled trial
9
Which question formation tool is useful for developing QUALitative research questions?
SPIDAR
SPIPER
SPIDER
SPEDAR
10
Thematic analysis does include one of the following
measurements
coding
inferential statistics
p-value
11
What does the confidence interval represent?
range that the true value might lie given size of the difference observed
The actual magnitude of the results obtained in a study
level of confidence that can be demonstrated about the results of a study
The statistical significance of the range of values obtained from a study
12
If a scale were developed to measure overall health and response categories were: ‘excellent’ ‘good’ ‘average’ or ‘poor’
Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval
13
Which of the following sampling methods would you expect to see in QUALitative research study?
Purposive
Systematic
Stratified
Simple Random
14
which of the following is a ket assumption when undertaking QUALitative research?
it is based on deductive reasoning
its based on inductive reasoning
it is based on objectivity
it tests a hypothesis
15
Are you going to pass this exam??
YES
YES
YES
YES
16
What does RCT mean?
Random Controlling Trails
Randomised Controlled Trials
Random Controlled Trails
Raised Controlled Trials
17
Which QUALitative methodology may be used to study participants who have experienced a particular phenomenon?
Ethnography
Narrative
Grounded Theory
Phenomenology
18
What is the most likely consequence of implementing evidence-based practice?
There will be no variation in care given to patients with same condition
Patients and their families will always be involved with the decisions made
highest quality of care and best possible outcomes are more likely achieved
All healthcare decisions will be based on highest quality research availble
19
Which of the following is NOT an example of a QUALitative research methodology
experiemental
ethnography
narrative
grounded theory
20
What type of clinical question would best be answered by interpretative/qualitative research designs?
Questions about prognosis
Questions about meanings/experiences
Questions about clinical outcomes
Questions about diagnosis
21
These are used to determine the statistical significance of any observed differences between groups
Descriptive statistics
mean
inferential statistics
median
22
How is clinical significance established at the outset of a research study?
determining minimum important difference that needs to be observed
by agreeing level of the p-value to be used when analysing results.
Ensuring a sufficiently large sample can be recruited
By ensuring all patients can be followed up
23
Which of these tests would be used to demonstrate association between nominal variables?
Spearman's Correlation
ANOVA
Pearson's Correlation
Chi Squared
24
How is statistical significance established at the outset of a research study?
By determining the minimum important difference that needs to be observe
By agreeing the level of the p-value to be used when analysing the results
By ensuring all patients can be followed up
By ensuring a sufficiently large sample can be recruited
25
What is not a data collection method in qualitative research
interviews
focus groups
likert scale
video observation
26
Which research design allows us to observe the same participants over a period of time?
RCT
Case STudy
Case Control Study
Longditudinal Survey
27
What is the most important reason for using a framework such as PICOT to formulate clinical questions?
It guarantees that all relevant evidence will be identified
It ensures the right comparison is included within the question
increases chance that best evidence will be identified quickly/efficiently
It helps identify the patient population
28
What type of clinical question would best be answered by positivist research designs?
Questions about experiences
Questions about meanings
Questions about clinical outcomes
Questions about the lived experience
29
What is one of the main purposes of intention-to-treat analysis?
ensure the intervention and control groups are balanced
maintain original group composition achieved following randomisation
ensure results are statistically significant
ensure data analysis is valid
30
A dependent variable is?
A variable that predicts an outcome
variable that determines the cause
A variable that is contingent on that of another
A variable that is not dependent on that of another
31
Which of the following are examples of QUANtitative data collection tools?
experiements, surverys and one-to-one interviews
Experiments, clinical trials, closed questionnaires
Interviews, focus groups, open questionnaires
experiements, questionnaires. focus groups
32
Name two UK based organisations that provide advice and guidance on ethics in research...
NMC and the Royal College of Nurses
Research Panel Board and the RCN.
WHO and National Ethics Committee
Research Ethics Service and the NMC
33
Researchers who fail to gain ethical approvals and carry out unethical research may face disciplinary action from...?
The law only
Employers only.
Professional bodies and employers only
The law, professional bodies and their employers
34
What does data saturation mean in qualitative research?
P values are statistically significant
Recruitment numbers reach the power calculation
No new themes of information are being identified
Themes are still being explored
35
Which of these tests would be used to demonstrate association between ordinal variables?
Pearson's Correlation
Spearmans Correlation
Chi Squared
Frequencies
36
Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning in research?
it is used in quantitative research
it can generate theory
It is used in experimental research
it takes a positivist approach
37
What are the benefits of EIDM?
Less effective use of resources
Decrease information for patients
Lessen gap between good research and practice
to not improve overall approach to health
38
What sort of information might reasonably be considered confidential?
No information is considered confidential
Any or all information of a personal, intimate or sexual nature.
Only information of a sexual nature is confidential.
only intimate information is confidential
39
What does EIDM mean?
Evidential Informed Decide Making
Evidence Informed Decisive Making
Evidence information decision making
Evidence Informed Decision Making
40
Which of these is only a sampling method in quantitative research?
Convenience
Probability
Purposive
Snowball
41
What is the main purpose of random allocation?
to ensure the study is reliable
to ensure the sample size is equal between groups
to ensure the study is double blinded
to promote internal and external validity
42
What is the standard of consent required in law in the UK?
Assumed Consent
Forced consent
Implied Consent
Valid Consent
43
What does RTA stand for, when discussing frameworks for translation into practice?
Knowledge to Attention Framework
Knowledge to achieving framework
Knowledge to Actioning Framework
Knowledge to Action Framework
44
A catagorical variable is...
made up of groups of data like a cat or a dog
is designed to rank the data
no one thing is higher than the other
two distince types of things
45
Which of these is not a sampling method used in qualitative research?
probability
snowball
convenience
Purposive
46
Which of the following best describes the qualities of QUALitative research?
Interpretivist, inductive, subjective and transferable
Positivist, cause and effect, deductive, objective and generalisable
47
What kind of bias is in an RCT when those collecting the outcome data know which groups patients have been allocated to?
Performance Bias
Measurement Bias
Selection Bias
Attrition Bias
48
What are the barriers to change?
psychological, organised, research, staff info and skill set
Psychological, organisational, resource, staff information and skill set
psychological, organisational, research, staff info and skill set.
psychological, organised, research and staff information
49
The PARIHS Framework examines the interactions between 3 key elements for knowledge translation, these are?
Evidence, Commitment, Facilitation
Evidence, Context, Familiarisation
Evidence, Commitment, Facilitation
Evidence, Context, Facilitation
50
Which QUALitative methodology may be used when looking at how behaviour of individuals is influenced by their culture?
phenomenology
narrative
grounded theory
ethnography
51
Mixed methods research allows what?
allows deeper exploration of limited viewpoints and some perspectives
allows deeper exploration of diverse viewpoints and perspectives only
allow limited exploration of viewpoints and perpectives
allows deeper exploration of diverse viewpoints and perspectives
52
What best describes the importance of including confidence intervals with research results?
they tell you if data is missing
indicate clinical significance when results not statistically significant
they indicate the p-value
they indicate whether the sample is large enough
53
What must be done before any research in healthcare settings or on patients, or tissue is carried out?
Non-national ethics commitees much be approached and approval not sought.
NHS Ethics committee are approached and advice is given
No approach needs to be made to national and local committees.
National & local ethics committee approached & advice and approvals gained
54
'These are used to determine the statistical significance of observed differences between groups'
median
mean
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
55
What sort of bias is of concern with survey analysis?
sampling bias
researcher bias
selection bias
confounding bias
56
The hierarchy of evidence from top to bottom is...
RCT, clinical trials,anecdotal findings, observational studies, casereports
RCT, Observational studies, clinical trials, case reports
observational studies, case reports, RCTs, clinical trials
RCTs, Clinical trials, observational studies, case reports, anecdotes
57
Which statement is correct about inductive research?
It tests hypothesis
Uses a positivist approach
Generates theory
Is used in quantitative research
58
Double blinding means...
The patient, investigator and data analyst do not know the treatment
The patient and investigators do know the treatment being received.
the patient does not know the type of treatment they are receiving
The patient and investigators dont know the treatment being received.
59
What does PARiHS mean
Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health services
Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Healthy Services
Promoting Acting on Research Implementation in Health Services
Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Heat Services
60
Explanatory sequential means doing data collection which way round?
Qualitative then Quantitative
Quantitative then Qualitative
61
Identify a key assumption made when undertaking qualitative research
Qualitative research is generally based on deductive reasoning
Qualitative research is primarily analytical
Qualitative research is generally based on inductive reasoning
Qualitative research is focused on hypothesis testing
62
What are the three essential elements of valid consent?
Capacity, no information to make a decision and an absence of duress.
no capacity, enough information and an absence of duress.
Capacity, enough information to make a decision and absence of duress.
Capacity, enough information and duress
63
What is Mode?
a set of data values that appears least often
would be the mean of the two middle numbers of the data
It implies an average of the data
a set of data values that appears the most often
64
Probability Sampling means...
not every element of the population has an opportunity to be selected
Every member or element has a lower probability than zero of being selected
Every member / element has a probability higher than zero of being selected
Subjects happen to be in the right place at the right time
65
Pragmatism means...
involves just using the positivist philosophies
Pragmatism involves merging of positivist and interpretivist philosophies
involves just interpretivist philosophies
66
Can QUALitative research include numbers?
No
Yes
67
What are Beauchamp and Childress' 4 ethical principles?
Autonomy, Non-Maleficence, beneficence and Non-justice
Autonomy, Non-Maleficence, No benefit and Justice
Autonomy, Non-Maleficence, Beneficence and Justice
Autonomy, maleficence, beneficence and justice

#NRS502 Revision - OCT2022 Flashcards | StudBud