What does the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) measure?

The strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables

Which of the following is not ethical practice in research with humans?

Requiring participants to continue until the study has been completed

A systematic investigation to establish facts or principles

Which of the following can be described as a nominal variable?

Geographical location of a firm

What does a p-value less than 0.05 typically indicate in statistical analysis?

The null hypothesis should be rejected

A rank-order scale of measurement

Explain the difference between discrete and continuous variables

Explain, Explain, Explain, Explain

What is cross-sectional design?

The collection of data from one moment in time

What does the standard deviation measure in a dataset?

The average distance of each data point from the mean

A systematic investigation to establish facts or principles

Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?

A large sample based on random sampling

A correlation occurs when:

Two variables move at varying rates

What does the term ‘longitudinal design’ mean?

A study completed over a distinct period of time

Which of the following is a criterion for a good research question?

Questions should connect with established theory and research

Which of the following is an example of random sampling techniques?

A list of numbers picked out of a hat and matched with names

What is the main advantage of using multiple regression analysis?

allows prediction of dependent variable based on multiple independent ones

Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample of hospitals?

Using a random number generator after numbering element of the sample frame

Quantitative research only works if:

You talk to the right number of people

What is a confidence interval?

value range that a population parameter is expected to lie with confidence

In hypothesis testing, what is the null hypothesis (H0)

The hypothesis that there is no effect or relationship

Which is an example of qualitative data?

The diary entries of six patients suffering from schizophrenia

If a study is “reliable”, this means that:

The results of the research project are similar when repeated

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Week Eleven Q&Q Quiz

49 termsStudBud Administration7 plays

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Questions 49

Answers

1
Explain what is meant by the term cause and effect with an example
Answer
Wrong
Wrong
Answer
2
What does the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) measure?
The mean difference between two groups
The frequency of categorical data
The variance within a dataset
The strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables
3
Which of the following is not ethical practice in research with humans?
Requiring participants to continue until the study has been completed
Maintaining participants’ anonymity
Informing participants that they are free to withdraw at any time
Gaining informed consent
4
What is research?
An unplanned exploration
A form of storytelling
A random collection of data
A systematic investigation to establish facts or principles
5
When people are readily available or are easily recruited to the sample, this is called:
Snowball sampling
Convenience sampling
Random sampling
Stratified sampling
6
Name the three most important measures of center
List
List
List
List
7
Which of the following can be described as a nominal variable?
Geographical location of a firm
Age
Annual income
Annual sales
8
Which one of the following is a feature of experiments?
It never shows causation
Use of controlled environment
Direct manipulation of the control variables
The effect of manipulating one variable by measurement of another variable
9
Which is the name of a type of interview?
Likert
Quasi
Closed
Structured
10
What does a p-value less than 0.05 typically indicate in statistical analysis?
The null hypothesis should be rejected
The sample size is too small
The null hypothesis is true
The results are not statistically significant
11
Which type of research mostly uses deductive reasoning?
Designed experiment
Qualitative research
Grounded theory
Ethnography
12
An ordinal scale is:
A scale with an absolute zero point
A rank-order scale of measurement
A scale with equal intervals between ranks
The simplest form of measurement
13
Explain the difference between discrete and continuous variables
Explain
Explain
Explain
Explain
14
What is cross-sectional design?
A comparison of two or more variables longitudinally
The collection of data from one moment in time
A design that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood
esearch into one particular section of society, e.g., the middle classes
15
The measure of how far apart numbers are in a data set is called:
The mode
The standard deviation
The normal distribution
The mean
16
Secondary data can include which of the following?
All of the above
Personal diaries
Organizational records
Government statistics
17
What does the standard deviation measure in a dataset?
The central value
The average distance of each data point from the mean
The number of data points
The difference between the highest and lowest values
18
Describe two main characteristics of an ethnography study
Maybe
Answer
Nope
Answer
19
Which measure of central tendency is the most frequently occurring value in a dataset?
Range
Median
Mean
Mode
20
When interpreting a correlation, it is important not to:
Assume causality
Choose X and Y values that are normally distributed
Check the direction of the relationship
Measure the values for X and Y independently
21
A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to:
Guide the development of research questions
Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies
Provide an up-to-date understanding of the subject and its significance
All of the above
22
What is research?
A form of storytelling
A systematic investigation to establish facts or principles
A random collection of data
An unplanned exploration
23
Which of the following will produce the least sampling error?
A large sample based on random sampling
A large snowball sample
A large sample based on convenience sampling
A small sample based on random sampling
24
Why is it important to have well-formulated research questions?
For greater clarity to the research process and what you wish to research
It leads to more focused research
All of the above
It provides more structure to my work
25
What is the purpose of a pilot questionnaire in a survey?
Write
down
answers
your
26
Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two independent groups?
ANOVA
Chi-square test
Independent t-test
Paired t-test
27
The purpose of descriptive statistics is to:
Summarize the characteristics of a data set
All of the above
None of the above
Draw conclusions from the data
28
A correlation occurs when:
Two variables move at varying rates
Two variables move in opposite directions
One variable causes another to change
Two variables change together at a constant rate
29
To compare the mean height of males and females to see if there is a difference, we use:
Analysis of variance
A t-test
One-way analysis of variance
A chi-squared test
30
Explain the difference between a population and a sample.
On
Explain
It
Paper
31
What does the term ‘longitudinal design’ mean?
A study completed over a distinct period of time
A study completed far away from where the researcher lives
A study which is very long to read
A study with two contrasting cases
32
How do researchers establish cause and effect?
By doing an ethnographic study
By doing a designed experiment
By doing an observational study
By doing Grounded theory research
33
Which of the following is a criterion for a good research question?
Questions should sound modern
Questions should connect with established theory and research
Questions should show where my research biases are
Questions should be long and use complex terms
34
Which of the following is an example of random sampling techniques?
Taking the name of every person in a telephone book
Taking every tenth name from a list of everybody in the telephone book
A list of numbers picked out of a hat and matched with names
Go to an area and choose the people you see
35
What is the main advantage of using multiple regression analysis?
It is only applicable to small datasets
It avoids the need for hypothesis testing
allows prediction of dependent variable based on multiple independent ones
It simplifies the data analysis process
36
When each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected, this is called:
A non-random sample
A random probability sample
A stratified sample
A snowball sample
37
Which of the following techniques yields a simple random sample of hospitals?
Using a random number generator after numbering element of the sample frame
Choosing volunteer hospitals to participate
Randomly selecting a district and sampling all hospitals within thedistrict
Choosing a proportion from within each listed sector at random
38
List 4 major differences between quantitative and qualitative research
Your
Answers
Write
Down
39
Quantitative research only works if:
You talk to the right type of people
You ask the right questions and analyze the data you get in the right way
You talk to the right number of people
You are flexible and change what you are doing as the research develops
40
List 4 major differences between quantitative and qualitative research
List
List
List
List
41
Define “designed” experiment with an example.
Choose
Choose
Answer
Answer
42
What is a confidence interval?
A measure of data dispersion
A hypothesis test result
A measure of the average distance of data points from the mean
value range that a population parameter is expected to lie with confidence
43
In hypothesis testing, what is the null hypothesis (H0)
The hypothesis that predicts a positive relationship
The hypothesis that there is no effect or relationship
The hypothesis that predicts a negative relationship
The hypothesis that there is a significant effect or relationship
44
Which of the following are practical steps to take before starting research?
Apply for clearance of your project, for example, by writing a proposal
All of the above
Familiarize yourself with the hardware and software you plan to use
Find out exactly what your institution’s requirements are for the project
45
Research that uses qualitative methods AND quantitative methods is known as:
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Mixed-method research
Action research
46
Which is an example of qualitative data?
The length of time each participant spent reading a list of words
The modal color chosen by extroverts (Mode)
The percentage of respondents who agreed with capital punishment
The diary entries of six patients suffering from schizophrenia
47
If a study is “reliable”, this means that:
The findings can be generalized to other social phenomena
The discussion is very clear
It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted
The results of the research project are similar when repeated
48
(8 17 19 18 20 18 19 21 28 24)Calculate the 4 measures of central tendency
Answers
Your
Write
Down
49
Which of the following are sampling considerations?
Who do you need to study in order to investigate your research questions?
How easily can you gain access to a sampling frame?
All of the above
What kind of sampling strategy will you employ?

Week Eleven Q&Q Quiz Flashcards | StudBud