When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...

an avoidance-avoidance conflict

What is cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension produced by inconsistent thoughts/beliefs

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AP Exam Cumulative Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 85

Answers

1
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
2
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
reticular formation
cerebellum
brainstem
3
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
4
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
5
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
loud noise
rabbit
rat
6
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
7
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
processing
sensation
8
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
parental investments
display rules
social scripts
9
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
conscious experience
the unconscious
the brain
10
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
sadness
fear
surprise
11
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
intermediate-term
short-term
sensory
12
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
schematizing
stereotypes
13
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
14
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
oral
latency
15
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
ablated
modeled
16
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
smell buds
olfactory cilia
17
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
18
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
19
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
recognition
relearning
reiteration
20
Our adaptive behaviors are learned and maintain because they help us be more effective
behaviorism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
21
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
22
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
cognitive dissonance
obedience
groupthink
23
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
24
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
collectivism
functionalism
individualism
25
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
26
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
medulla
27
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
28
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
29
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender differences
30
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
31
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
32
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
33
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
34
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
35
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
selection
36
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
brightness
saturation
color
37
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
38
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
creativity
insight
reasoning
39
The potentially causal factor manipulated by the experimenter is called the _________variable
Independent
dependent
random
control
40
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
predictability
consistency
representativeness
41
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
a state of tension produced by inconsistent thoughts/beliefs
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
42
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
classical conditioning
43
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
salivation
food/meat powder
44
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
dopamine
acetylcholine
endorphin
serotonin
45
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
fugue
46
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety
mood
47
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
48
Kohlberg's stage: people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
concrete
preconventional
conventional
49
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
introspection
cognition
intelligence
50
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
51
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
a potential score
mental age
IQ
52
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
53
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
temperament
behavioral quality
attachment
54
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
55
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
56
The idea that the mind functions by combining objective sensations and subjective feelings
structuralism
imperialism
functionalism
behavioralism
57
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
58
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
59
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
60
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
61
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
a headache
not been dreaming
been dreaming
62
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
63
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
timbre
decibels
loudness
64
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
65
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
print letters
sing a song
tie shoe laces
66
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
67
Homeostasis is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive reduction theory
incentive theory
68
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
attributions
self-serving bias
prejudices
69
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
70
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
71
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
72
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning
73
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
74
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
75
A person who perceives sensory stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
illusions
obsessions
hallucinations
76
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the dispositional qualities of the residents
77
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
symmetry
similiarity
constancy
78
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father wash his car, demonstrating
observational learning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
79
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a fixed interval reinforcement schedule
a variable ratio reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
80
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
81
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
82
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
antagonists
agonists
action potentials
83
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
84
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
sensation
perception
consciousness
85
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning

AP Exam Cumulative Review Flashcards | StudBud