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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
2
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
test-retest reliability
standardization
aptitude measures
3
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
4
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
5
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
MRI
rTMS
PET
6
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
7
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
8
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
9
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
10
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
11
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
outliers
modes
12
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
13
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
EQ test
14
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
15
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
brain injury
relearning effect
proactive interference
16
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
17
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
smell
sight
hearing
18
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
19
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
20
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
21
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
22
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
23
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
24
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
25
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
26
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
27
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
phoneme
holobase
28
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
puberty
29
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
extraversion
30
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
31
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
state-dependent memory
32
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
touch
balance
sight
33
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
34
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
35
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
36
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
37
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
38
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
daily activities
39
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
40
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
41
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
42
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
43
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
44
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
45
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
46
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
47
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
48
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
case study
49
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
compliance strategies
in-group bias
self-serving bias
50
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
51
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
52
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
53
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
54
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
55
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
56
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
57
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
58
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
59
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
60
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
standardized
achievement
projective
61
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
62
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
63
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
64
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
65
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
66
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebellum
67
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
68
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
activation-synthesis
antagonists
dissociation
69
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
70
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
71
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
external
situational
fundamental
72
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
medulla
cerebellum
sensory cortex
73
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
74
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
75
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
76
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
77
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
78
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
79
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
80
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
81
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
82
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
83
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
84
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
situational
dispositional
85
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
86
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
secondary
partial
87
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
88
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
89
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
90
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
range
mean
median
91
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
92
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
93
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
deindividuation
94
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
median
standard deviation
range
95
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
96
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
84
50
97
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
98
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
99
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
100
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
101
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
102
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
103
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
104
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
105
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
106
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
fixed variable
107
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
108
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
109
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
110
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
rooting
stepping
Moro
111
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
112
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
overconfidence
113
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
114
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
115
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
humanist
social-cognitive
116
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
bottom up processing
117
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
118
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
119
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
social facilitation
120
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
121
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
122
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
123
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
124
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
assimilation
125
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
attachment
126
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
127
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
128
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
129
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
family
culture
130
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
131
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
132
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
133
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
134
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
135
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
136
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
137
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
hippocampus
138
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome