Exam 1: Infancy & Toddlerhood

Question 1

In the United States, nearly 80 percent of children grow up __________.

Accepted Answer

with at least one sibling

Question 2

In __________, people hold different beliefs and customs from those held by the larger culture.

Accepted Answer

subcultures

Question 3

About half the brain’s volume is made up of __________ cells.

Accepted Answer

glial

Question 4

Which statement provides an example of an age-graded influence?

Accepted Answer

Frank got his driver’s license at age 16.

Question 5

During the second trimester, a white, cheeselike substance called ________ emerges on the skin.

Accepted Answer

vernix

Question 6

Increasingly, researchers __________.

Accepted Answer

see development as a perpetually ongoing process

Question 7

Christine is 5′7″ and has blue eyes. Such directly observable characteristics are called _____.

Accepted Answer

phenotypes

Question 8

If Patrick is typical, his height at the end of his first year should be about ________ inches.

Accepted Answer

32

Question 9

Prenatally malnourished babies frequently __________.

Accepted Answer

catch respiratory illnesses

Question 10

Measures of executive function in childhood predict __________ in adolescence and adulthood.

Accepted Answer

cognitive and social outcomes

Question 11

Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does. Gabriella is displaying __________.

Accepted Answer

observational learning

Question 12

In females, the twenty-third pair of chromosomes is called __________.

Accepted Answer

XX

Question 13

In the information-processing system, information first enters the __________.

Accepted Answer

sensory register

Question 14

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum shrinks, and the __________.

Accepted Answer

lining of the uterus is discarded

Question 15

Which mother is most likely to have had inadequate prenatal care?

Accepted Answer

Rosa, age 16

Question 16

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) looks like a __________.

Accepted Answer

twisted ladder

Question 17

The first successful intelligence test predicted __________.

Accepted Answer

school achievement

Question 18

Babies who __________ are less prone to distress.

Accepted Answer

engage in self-soothing

Question 19

__________ influences are irregular and do not follow a predictable timetable.

Accepted Answer

Nonnormative

Question 20

The majority of individuals with fragile X syndrome suffer from __________.

Accepted Answer

high anxiety

Question 21

Which of the following is a basic emotion?

Accepted Answer

disgust

Question 22

__________ is the most widely used prenatal diagnostic method.

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis

Question 23

Which theory of attachment is the most widely accepted view?

Accepted Answer

ethological

Question 24

Self-conscious emotions play an important role in __________.

Accepted Answer

children’s moral behaviors

Question 25

__________ gene–environment correlation becomes common at older ages.

Accepted Answer

Active

Question 26

The embryonic disk __________.

Accepted Answer

becomes the new organism

Question 27

The video deficit effect __________.

Accepted Answer

declines around age 2½

Question 28

Jean Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory was influenced by his background in __________.

Accepted Answer

biology

Question 29

__________ are responsible for myelination.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells

Question 30

When children are not changing much cognitively, they __________ more than they __________.

Accepted Answer

assimilate; accommodate

Question 31

Effortful control is __________.

Accepted Answer

considered a major dimension of temperament

Question 32

In Piaget’s theory, __________ are the building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence.

Accepted Answer

newborn reflexes

Question 33

When intelligence tests are standardized, the mean IQ is set at __________.

Accepted Answer

100

Question 34

Neurons send messages to one another by releasing chemicals called __________.

Accepted Answer

neurotransmitters

Question 35

The overall stability of temperament is __________ from the preschool years on.

Accepted Answer

only moderate

Question 36

Babies’ earliest categories are based on __________.

Accepted Answer

similar overall appearance

Question 37

Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that __________.

Accepted Answer

change in response to influential experiences is possible

Question 38

Tom thinks that development takes place in stages. This belief is called the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

discontinuous

Question 39

In which disease or disorder does genomic imprinting operate on the sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

fragile X syndrome

Question 40

The best-known effect of smoking during the prenatal period is __________.

Accepted Answer

low birth weight

Question 41

Which major theory of human development emphasizes plasticity at all ages?

Accepted Answer

lifespan perspective

Question 42

In which disease or disorder does genomic imprinting operate on the sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

fragile X syndrome

Question 43

Young infants usually cry __________.

Accepted Answer

because of physical needs

Question 44

The germinal period __________.

Accepted Answer

lasts about two weeks

Question 45

To detect developmental problems before birth, doctors use __________.

Accepted Answer

prenatal diagnostic methods

Question 46

In the first few years of life, the brain is __________.

Accepted Answer

highly plastic

Question 47

According to the lifespan perspective, __________ is supreme in its impact on the life course.

Accepted Answer

no age period

Question 48

According to Erikson, a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the __________.

Accepted Answer

quality of caregiving

Question 49

Today, fathers spend about __________ as much time caring for children as fathers did in 1965.

Accepted Answer

three times

Question 50

As a generation, the baby boomers are __________ than any previous mid- or late-life cohort.

Accepted Answer

healthier, better educated, and financially better off

Question 51

Once wariness develops, infants __________.

Accepted Answer

use the familiar caregiver as a secure base

Question 52

Newborn babies respond with __________ to changes in body temperature.

Accepted Answer

generalized distress

Question 53

The cerebral cortex __________.

Accepted Answer

surrounds the rest of the brain

Question 54

By the end of Greta’s first month of pregnancy, her embryo __________.

Accepted Answer

is about ¼ inch long

Question 55

During times of rapid cognitive change, children __________

Accepted Answer

are in a state of disequilibrium

Question 56

__________ is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement.

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall

Question 57

Most homeless families consist of __________.

Accepted Answer

women with children under age 5

Question 58

Laboratory research suggests that deferred imitation is __________.

Accepted Answer

present at 6 weeks of age

Question 59

Infants and toddlers grow __________.

Accepted Answer

in little spurts

Question 60

The __________ is responsible for the highly developed intelligence of the human species.

Accepted Answer

cerebral cortex

Question 61

A combined Apgar score of __________ indicates that the infant is in good physical condition.

Accepted Answer

7 or better

Question 62

The most consistent asset of resilient children is __________.

Accepted Answer

a strong bond with a competent, caring adult

Question 63

Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen laid the modern foundations for __________.

Accepted Answer

ethology

Question 64

Emotions __________.

Accepted Answer

play a powerful role in discovery of the self

Exam 1: Infancy & Toddlerhood

Questions 64

Exam 1: Infancy & Toddlerhood

Questions 64