What is an adaptation in evolutionary terms?

A trait that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce

What is validity in a test?

The extent to which a test accurately measures what its intended to measure

Which of the following is an example of a mutation?

A random genetic change that can be inherited

What is a longitudinal study?

repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time

What is a social script?

A set of expected actions in a particular social situation (learned)

What does Epigenetics refer to?

The study of how environmental factors can affect the way genes express

What is a mutation in genetics?

Damage caused to DNA that results in permanent change of genetic sequence

What is test-retest reliability?

The consistency of a test when administered at different times

What is factor analysis

A stat method that can define how different items are related in a test

What is the definition of reciprocal determinism?

The interaction between behavior, internal cognition, and environment

What is natural selection?

Traits better suited to environment more likely to survive/reproduce

What is the definition of personality?

A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

The age level of an individual's mental ability

What is reliability in a test?

The consistency of an assessment tool producing similar results

What is Evolutionary Psychology?

This field of psychology studies human behavior/cognition through evolution

A personality inventory is designed to:

Measure a person’s characteristic traits

What is a cross-sectional study?

Research that analyzes an entire population at a single point in time

What is construct validity in a test?

How a test accurately reflects the concept it is intended to measure

What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?

To protect the ego from anxiety

What is an Intelligence Quotient?

A number that measures someone’s ability to reason

What is natural selection?

The process by which traits that increase survival/reproduction are passed

What is the flynn effect?

A trend that overtime, generation to generation, IQ scores increase

What is crystallized intelligence?

Accumulated knowledge and skills, like vocabulary and general knowledge

What is predictive validity in a test?

The ability of test to accurately predict future outcomes for a participant

Identical twins result from:

A single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos

What do evolutionary psychologists study?

How natural selection has shaped behavior and mental processes

What is stereotype threat?

When a negative stereotype leads to underperformance/reinforcing stereotype

What is standardized testing?

A type of assessment designed to be administered and scored consistently

What is the primary focus of evolutionary psychology?

How behavior and mental processes have adapted over time

What is savant syndrome?

Someone w/ developmental disabilities has remarkable skill in specific area

What is a cohort in psychology?

A group of people who share a birth year or a specific time period

What is intelligence?

Ability to learn from experience/solve problems/ use knowledge to adapt

A practice to eliminate “inferior” genes from the human population

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AP Psychology Units 10&11

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Questions 67

Answers

1
What is an adaptation in evolutionary terms?
A learned behavior from parental teaching
A random genetic mutation with no purpose
A trait that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
A temporary response to environmental changes
2
What is validity in a test?
A test that measures how reliable someone is in stressful situations.
How often a test should be administered and still create accurate results
The extent to which a test accurately measures what its intended to measure
The consistency or dependability of an assessment tool
3
Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
A learned behavior passed through generations
A random genetic change that can be inherited
The process of natural selection
A psychological disorder
4
What is the study of how genes and environment influence behavior?
Psychoanalysis
Classical conditioning
Humanistic psychology
Behavior genetics
5
What describes accepting others without judgment or conditions?
Unconditional positive regard
Trait theory
Reciprocal determinism
Factor analysis
6
What is a longitudinal study?
A study that looks at human populations from different longitudes
repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time
A medical technique that looks at the length of someone’s femur bone
Research that analyzes data from an entire population
7
What is a social script?
A script of questions written for a researcher studying human behavior
A script written for a play / TV show designed to mirror real life
A set of behaviors designed by parents for their children when in public
A set of expected actions in a particular social situation (learned)
8
What does Epigenetics refer to?
The study of how environmental factors can affect the way genes express
The study of how genetically modified organisms interact with environment
The study of how genetic code influences behavior.
The study of how M-DNA (Passed maternally) affects your behavior
9
What is a mutation in genetics?
Damage caused to cells that result in apoptosis
The method by which environmental factors change how genes are expressed
Damage caused to DNA that results in permanent change of genetic sequence
The method by which ordinary turtles turn into ninjas.
10
According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
Ego
Superego
Id
Conscious mind
11
What is test-retest reliability?
How often someone has to retest to ensure that have maintained knowledge
The consistency of a test when administered at different times
How consistent someone has to practice test to perform on the real test
How often someone does practice test
12
What is factor analysis
Industrial psychologists analyze the different factors of production
The way in which humans analyze the pros and cons of a situation
A stat method that can define how different items are related in a test
A mathematical tool used to factor complex polynomials
13
The study of environmental influences on gene expression is called:
Natural selection
Evolutionary psychology
Epigenetics
Intelligence quotient
14
What is the definition of reciprocal determinism?
A defense mechanism
The influence of genetics on personality
The interaction between behavior, internal cognition, and environment
The ability to analyze multiple intelligence factors
15
What is natural selection?
When researchers observe and record behavior in its natural setting
A mechanism by which humans select environments most suited to them
Traits better suited to environment more likely to survive/reproduce
A biological mechanism that causes humans to innately select friends
16
What is the definition of personality?
The ability to solve problems quickly
A temporary emotional state
A set of learned behaviors over time
A person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
17
What is mental age?
How old someone thinks they are
The age level of an individual's mental ability
How someone underestimates or overestimate someone's age
Someone's chronological age
18
Fraternal twins result from:
Two separate fertilized eggs
A single egg that splits
One egg and one sperm
Identical genetic material
19
What scientific field studies how environmental influences can turn genes on or off without altering DNA?
Heritability
Epigenetics
Behavior genetics
20
What is reliability in a test?
A test that measures how reliable someone is in stressful situations.
How often a test should be administered and still create accurate results
The consistency of an assessment tool producing similar results
The extent to which a test accurately measures what its intended to measure
21
What is Evolutionary Psychology?
The field of psychology that develops and evolves new therapeutic technique
The field of psychology that studies how to improve your life
This field of psychology studies human behavior/cognition through evolution
The field of psychology that studies how humans evolve over single lifetime
22
A test that assesses what a student has learned and can demonstrate in a specific subject or skill area:
An intelligence test
A standardized test
An achievement test
A creativity test
23
A personality inventory is designed to:
Measure a person’s characteristic traits
Analyze emotional responses
Reveal unconscious thoughts
Predict intelligence
24
What is a cross-sectional study?
A medical technique that looks at a cross-section of someone’s brain w/ MRI
A study that looks at a cross-sections of someone’s entire life
A research design that involves repeated observations
Research that analyzes an entire population at a single point in time
25
What is construct validity in a test?
How a test accurately reflects the concept it is intended to measure
The extent to which a test is able to construct itself
A test that measures how well someone would fit into the construction field
The extent to which a test is able to construct a healthy social circle
26
What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
To enhance memory recall
To strengthen personality traits
To develop moral reasoning
To protect the ego from anxiety
27
What is an Intelligence Quotient?
A number that measures someone’s ability to count
A number that measures someone’s ability to reason
A number that measures how good someone is at reasoning fractions/decimals.
A number that measures ability to interact with others/understand emotion
28
What is natural selection?
A mechanism that eliminates all genetic variation
A theory that behavior is determined solely by genetics
The process by which traits that increase survival/reproduction are passed
The idea that all traits are learned from the environment
29
What is the flynn effect?
A trend that overtime someone’s IQ score decreases
A trend that overtime someone’s IQ score increases
A trend that overtime, generation to generation, IQ scores increase
A trend that over time, generation to generation, IQ scores decrease
30
What is crystallized intelligence?
The ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and solve novel problems
Someone’s knowledge about rare earth minerals in the earths crust
Accumulated knowledge and skills, like vocabulary and general knowledge
Someone’s knowledge about fluid dynamics
31
What is predictive validity in a test?
Ability of a researcher to predict how accurate results will be
The ability to predict how popular a given test will become
The ability of test to accurately predict future outcomes for a participant
The ability to predict the future of the world
32
Identical twins result from:
A single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos
Shared environmental experiences
Two separate fertilized eggs
Different genetic blueprints
33
What type of personality test presents ambiguous images to uncover unconscious motives?
Personality inventory
Projective test
Aptitude test
Intelligence test
34
What do evolutionary psychologists study?
How natural selection has shaped behavior and mental processes
The stages of childhood development
How the unconscious mind influences personality
The impact of environment on intelligence
35
What technique involves a person saying whatever comes to mind without censorship?
Cognitive therapy
Free association
Observational learning
Factor analysis
36
What term refers to an individual’s overall sense of self-worth?
Self-efficacy
Self-esteem
Self-serving bias
Reciprocal determinism
37
What is stereotype threat?
When minorities threaten to fit the majority oppressors into a stereotype
When stereotypes are threatened by open-mindedness and begin to fade away
When a negative stereotype leads to underperformance/reinforcing stereotype
Someone is physically threatened because they fit a negative stereotype
38
What is standardized testing?
A type of assessment designed to be administered and scored consistently
A type of assessment to be administered/scored different ways each time
A type of assesment designed for each participant individually
A type of assessment used only by the college board to make students cry.
39
A test that is designed to predict how well someone will be able to perform or apply knowledge:
A standardized test
An aptitude test
An intelligence test
A creativity test
40
A test that is designed to measure the general intelligence of someone:
An achievement test
A creativity test
A standardized test
An intelligence test
41
What is the primary focus of evolutionary psychology?
How personality traits develop in childhood
How behavior and mental processes have adapted over time
The impact of social environments on learning
The study of genetics and inherited diseases
42
What is savant syndrome?
Where someone extremely skilled at one specific skill loses their ability
Someone w/ developmental disabilities becomes skilled in variety of skills
A condition where someone is a jack of all trades
Someone w/ developmental disabilities has remarkable skill in specific area
43
A person’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task is called:
Self-esteem
Spotlight effect
Self-efficacy
Self-serving bias
44
What is a cohort in psychology?
A mental disease that affects perception and interpretation of senses
A section of the Roman military
A term used to describe someone who is older than the average age
A group of people who share a birth year or a specific time period
45
What term describes shared, inherited memory traces from past generations?
Collective unconscious
Self-actualization
Cognitive script
Free association
46
What term describes reaching one's full potential?
Self-concept
Self-actualization
Unconditional positive regard
Self-esteem
47
What is intelligence?
Someone’s creative ability
Ability to learn from experience/solve problems/ use knowledge to adapt
The size of someone’s semantic memory
The size of someone’s explicit memory
48
Which psychological approach focuses on personal growth and reaching one’s full potential?
Behaviorism
Psychodynamic
Trait theory
Humanistic
49
What is eugenics?
The true genetic code of a human (before the effects of epigenetics)
A practice to eliminate “inferior” genes from the human population
The genetic code present in an entire family
The study of how genetic modification can be used to improve agriculture
50
What term describes the proportion of variation among individuals that can be attributed to genetic differences?
Behavioral plasticity
Adaptation
Heritability
Natural selection
51
What field of study focuses on understanding the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on behavior?
Evolutionary psychology
Behavior genetics
Epigenetics
Neuroscience
52
What does interaction mean when describing influences on behavior?
How environment and genetics influence each other to create unique behavior
The way two different people interact to change your behavior.
The way you behave when interacting with strangers,
The way you behave when interacting with people you know
53
What term refers to the passing of genetic traits from parents to their offspring?
Heredity
Social learning
Evolution
Natural selection
54
Identical twins develop from:
Shared environmental influences
Natural selection
One fertilized egg that splits into two
Two separate fertilized eggs
55
What term describes the extent to which differences among people can be attributed to genes?
Heritability
Epigenetics
Reciprocal determinism
Unconscious bias
56
What is split-half reliability?
A method in which a testing room is split in half and given different tests
A method where someone only has to take one-half of a test,
A method to asses the consistency of a given particpant over time
Test the consistency of test by dividing in half(take score for each half)
57
What is the ability to understand, use, and manage emotions effectively?
Linguistic intelligence
Spatial intelligence
Emotional intelligence
Naturalistic intelligence
58
Which psychological perspective emphasizes unconscious forces and childhood experiences?
Social-cognitive
Trait
Humanistic
Psychodynamic
59
What is stereotype lift?
Group's performance improves b/c they aren’t part of a negative stereotype
A phenomenon where stereotypes become weaker over time
A phenomenon where stereotypes become stronger over time.
When stereotypes cause someone to try harder
60
What is fluid intelligence?
Someone’s knowledge about rare earth minerals in the earths crust
Someone’s knowledge about fluid dynamics
Accumulated knowledge and skills, like vocabulary and general knowledge
The ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and solve novel problems
61
Which stage of psychosexual development is associated with the Oedipus complex?
Genital
Phallic
Latency
Oral
62
Which of the following is NOT one of Freud’s three parts of personality?
Superego
Persona
Id
Ego
63
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
A test designed to measure someone's Emotional Quotient
An experiment where students were tested on their reactions to prison
A test designed to measure someone’s intelligence
A test designed to measure someone’s athletic ability
64
What is general intelligence
Someone's knowledge of the U.S. military rankings
Someone's ability to think in general terms that are not fanciful or exotic
An intelligence factor that underlies all other specific mental abilities
Someone's knowledge of general trivia
65
What term refers to the genetic transfer of traits from parents to offspring?
Epigenetics
Mutation
Natural selection
Heredity
66
What cognitive bias leads people to attribute positive outcomes to themselves but blame external factors for failures?
Self serving bias
Spotlight effect
Fundamental attribution error
Self-efficacy
67
Which defense mechanism involves banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness?
Rationalization
Regression
Repression
Projection

AP Psychology Units 10&11 Flashcards | StudBud