stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Fall Final Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Fall Final Review
Fall Final Review
60 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
14 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
60 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
60
Answers
1
The CRISPR system is made up of ___________.
RNA polymerase and Cas9 proteins
proteins and Cas9 RNA molecules
two guide RNA molecules plus Cas9 proteins
CRISP proteins and RNA
2
Which reproductive isolating mechanism prevents mating because the 2 species are physically unable to mate?
mechanical isolation
gamete isolation
ecological isolation
all of the above
behavioral isolation
3
Which nutrient does saliva in the oral cavity begin to break down?
carbohydrates
lipids
vitamins
proteins
4
In a DNA double helix, _______ bonds pair complementary bases and connect the two strands together
strong hydrogen
weak covalent
strong covalent
weak hydrogen
5
RNA polymerase binds to a segment of DNA near the beginning of the gene. This DNA segment is called ____________.
promoter
inhibitor
template
initiator
6
Denmark's birth rate is dropping because
exposure to chemicals is decreasing the sperm count in men
all of the above
men are now older when they begin a family
women are now older when they begin a family
7
Which of the statements is NOT true of the small intestine?
It absorbs nutrients through villi & microvilli
It secretes digestive enzymes
It is specialized for absorption
It is specialized for the elimination of waste
8
Horses and donkeys can reproduce and the offspring, a mule, isn't fertile & can't reproduce. What barrier is this?
gametic isolation
behavioral isolation
hybrid sterility
mechanical isolation
9
The area required to produce resources & to absorb waste produced by an individual or population is known as
ecological footprint.
ecological interactions.
global warming.
the greenhouse effect.
10
When 2 organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense
they must share a very recent common ancestor
the sequences of their DNA should be less similar than between others
they should have extremely similar embryonic development
they should share more homologous traits than others
11
Which of the following statements best describes the "Semiconservative DNA replication"?
Each new DNA double helix contains 1 old template strand and one new.
Each new DNA double helix contains 1 new strands based on templates.
Each new DNA contains 2 old template strands and another 2 new strands.
12
Translate the following mRNA: G G C A A U A G C
Ala–Thr–Ser
Phe-Leu-Ser
Gly-Asn-Ser
Gly-Ser-Thr
13
If the DNA template is C A G T G A T C G, what is the mRNA sequence made based on this DNA template?
G T C A C T A G C
G A C U C A U G C
G U C A C U A G C
C A G T G A T C G
14
Mutations are changes in the sequence of nucleotides in an organism’s DNA.
False
True
15
A species of ant has evolved to protect acacia trees, thetree has evolved hollow thorns that the ants live in. This is..
gene flow.
genetic divergence.
sympatric speciation.
coevolution.
16
The terms “carbon” and “carbon dioxide” are interchangeable.
False
True
17
Which of the following must be demonstrated in order to declare that two populations are two distinct species?
reproductive isolation
genetic divergence
none of the above
morphological differences
18
Translation occurs in the _____ and involves binding of _____on the mRNA to _________ on the tRNA.
ribosome, anticodons, codons
cytoplasm, anticodons, codons
ribosome, codons, anticodons
nucleus, codons, anticodons
19
Which of the following statements is not true of bones?
They make up our exoskeleton
They are mineral-rich, nonliving tissues
They can contain marrow
They can be spongy, compact, or hollow
20
Traits that are inherited & improve an individual's ability to survive & reproduce are called ______ traits.
biological
allopatric
sympatric
adaptive
polymorphic
21
Adenine (A) can pair with thymine (T). Cytosine (C) can pair with guanine (G).
True
False
22
Given the sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA below, choose the correct complementary strand. ACC GAT
TCCGTA
TAGCCA
TAACTA
TGGCTA
23
Which of the statements about convergent evolution is true?
It demonstrates that similar structure shows descent from a common ancestor
It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different structures
It demonstrates that similar structure is due to random chance
It demontrates how similar environments can lead to the same structures
24
_______________ creates a segment of RNA based on a DNA template.
RNA splicing
DNA replication
Transcription
Translation
25
All of the following are carbon sources EXCEPT
dead and rotting trees.
live animals.
live trees.
dead and rotting animals.
26
Which of the following is not a consequence of climate change?
drought
increased species richness
increased flooding
increased crop failure
27
Which of the following gases does not trap heat?
methane (CH4)
nitrogen gas (N2)
water vapor (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
28
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
In the cytoplasm only
In the chloroplasts
In the nucleus only
In both the nucleus & the cytoplasm
29
Which of the following are possible reasons that a cell would regulate its expression of a gene? (Select all that apply)
changing needs as an organisms ages
increasing temperature in the external environment
a decreased need for a particular enzyme
an increased need for a particular enzyme
30
What is the application of CRISPR?
identifying mutations in genes
Amplifying DNA
Gene sequencing
Gene editing
31
Greenhouse gases function by
absorbing heat that radiates from the sun toward earth
releasing heat that radiates from earth into space
blocking sunlight but letting out heat from earth to space
absorbing heat radiating from earth that would otherwise escape to space
32
Which of the following stimulate the body to develop the characteristics of maleness?
estrogens
progestogens
androgens
spermatogens
33
What does gene regulation allow a cell to do?
Create new strands of DNA.
It enables the cell to change which gene and how much a gene is expressed.
It allows a cell to change how fast it replicates its DNA.
Prevent cancer by monitoring cell growth.
34
Nucleosomes are made from short lengths of double-stranded DNA wound around 8 histone proteins.
False
True
35
What is the typical order of events that produce an embryo?
gamete development, ovum release, intercourse, implantation, fertilization
gamete development, ovum release, fertilization, implantation, intercourse
ovum release, gamete development, intercourse, fertilization, implantation
gamete development, ovum release, intercourse, fertilization, implantation
36
__ is not related to ability to survive & may result in offspring that are less well adapted to the environment
directional selection
sexual selection
convergent evolution
genetic drift
37
Which of the following is the correct order of compaction from least compact to most compact?
naked DNA, chromatin fiber, nucleosome, beads-on-a-string, chromosome
nucleosome, naked DNA, beads-on-a-string, chromatin fiber, chromosome
chromatin fiber, nucleosome, beads-on-a-string, chromosome, naked DNA
naked DNA, nucleosome, beads-on-a-string, chromatin fiber, chromosome
38
Homeostasis does NOT maintain
blood oxygen levels
environmental temperature
body temperature
cellular pH
39
Prezygotic isolating mechanisms prevent hybrid offspring from occuring between species because
the resulting offspring are not fertile & cannot reproduce
the egg & sperm do not ever meet, or cannot fuse to form a zygote
the egg & sperm fuse to form a zygote, but it does not survive
all of the above
40
Different alleles of a gene have different DNA sequences.
False
True
41
Cardiac muscle is
part of the voluntary muscle system
important for contractile waves in the digestive system
made up of osteocytes
found only in heart tissue
42
Single-base insertions & deletions cause a “frameshift” mutation, shifting subsequent codons down or up by one base.
False
True
43
Exons are stretches of sequences that carry instructions for building a protein.
False
True
44
What must be broken before DNA replication can begin?
Covalent Bonds between nucleotides must first be broken.
Hydrogen bonds between base pairs must first be broken.
Phosphate bonds in the DNA backbone must first be broken.
Covalent bonds between base pairs must first be broken
45
When 2 populations are reproductively isolated, what else must occur for speciation to happen?
none of the above
coevolution
gene flow
genetic divergence
convergent evolution
46
During the PCR cycle, heat causes the DNA strands to separate.
True
False
47
RNA polymerase uses two strands of DNA as templates for making RNA.
False
True
48
Tissues
are composed of multiple organs
have a distinctive shape & location in the body
are composed of cells that work in an integrated manner
are composed of only 1 cell type
49
Evolution is most accurately described as a change in allelefrequencies in _________ over time.
an individual
a species
a population
a community
50
Which of the following is most unlikely to result in genetic divergence?
gene flow
geographic isolation
a reproductive barrier
ecological isolation
51
If the codon is AAA, what is the complementary anticodon?
BBB
CCC
UUU
TTT
52
Intermediate fossils
share some similarities with their descendant groups
both of the above
share some similarities with their ancestral group
None of the above
53
Which of the following is the best description of PCR?
an artificial way to edit the genome of an organism
preparing chromosomes for reaction
fast, artificial DNA replication
a method of sequencing the nucleotides in a DNA molecule
54
Nucleosomes are made from short lengths of double-stranded DNA wound around 8 histone proteins.
False
True
55
If 2 different organisms are closely related evolutionarily, then they will
be similar in size
share a recent common ancestor
be randomly located throughout the world
have very different DNA sequences in their genes
56
Which of the following can create reproductive isolation?
gamete incompatibility
rapid and severe changes in geographic features
prezygotic mating rituals
all of the above
57
The most common energy-carrying molecule in all organisms is
carbon dioxide
ATP
water
rubisco
58
The biosphere is
crucial to human survival & well-being
all of the above
a web of interconnected ecosystems
a source of food & raw materials for human society
all organisms on earth, together with their physical environments
59
Transcription stops when it reads a terminator, a special sequence of DNA bases.
False
True
60
Which of the following is an abiotic component of the biosphere?
lichen
water
algae
none of the above
insects
