Adverse drug reactions in elderly people are the result of?

change in drug metabolism due to diminished hepatic function

Down syndrome is a condition in which?

a triplication of chromosome 21 occurs.

When assessing a pt with autism you should?

mindful of actions & give explanation of what you are doing.

inability to make speech sounds correctly.

In contrast to an AV fistula, an AV graft?

creates raised area under skin that resembles large vessel.

Hydrocephalus may occur if?

cerebrospinal fluid absorption into bloodstream is reduced.

Adult pt who have tracheostomy tube in place & are ventilator dependent should receive?

humidification & heating of inspired air.

While transporting a cancer patient who is receiving chemotherapy, you should recall that?

chemotherapy weaken a patients immune system.

Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consisent w/ a malfunctioning CSF shunt?

visual disturbances, headache, & AMS.

When elderly pt prescribed medication, the risk for drug toxicity increases because of?

age related changes in hepatic enzyme systems.

When troubleshooting a hearing aid that is not working, you should?

avoid attempting to clean the device.

Get to dialysis center pt w/ SOB, still receiving dialysis, partner gives oxygen you should ?

ask tech how long the pt has been on dialysis machine.

Elderly pt are more susceptible to intracranial bleeding because of?

enlargement of the subdural space.

Aging is a linear process, which means that?

rate at which we lose functions does not increase w/ age.

Which statement regarding peritoneal dialysis is correct?

fluid is instilled into the abdominal cavity.

An elderly person is at increased risk for aspiration, primarily from?

decreased cough & gag reflexes.

When a patient is receiving palliative care, medical care?

aggressive, invasive & uncomfortable interventions cease.

Delirium is MOST accurately defined as?

acute alteration in mentation indicate underlying condition.

What drug should be avoided in renal failure?

succinylcholine, digoxin, & beta-adrengic/ beta blockers.

Muscular dystrophy can be defined as?

genetic disease slow, progressive degeneration muscle fiber.

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

some pt w/ autism able to easily solve math problems.

A key element of the "G" in the gems diamond includes?

recalling that elderly pt often present atypically.

Signs & symptoms of anti cholinergic medication toxicity include?

urinary difficulty, constipation, & hypertension.

Defective gene difficulty chloride move through cells,high sodium loss & thick mucus secretion

pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis.

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Medic 18

70 termsStudBud Administration33 plays

Chapter 44: geriatric emergencies Chapter 45: special needs emergencies.

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Questions 70

Answers

1
Adverse drug reactions in elderly people are the result of?
changes in body composition and an increase in body water.
increased drug elimination duedecreased antidiuretic hormone
change in drug metabolism due to diminished hepatic function
partial digestion secondary to delayed gastric emptying.
2
Down syndrome is a condition in which?
ovum contains 21 chromosomes.
chromosome 23 fails to seprate.
a triplication of chromosome 21 occurs.
human somatic cells contains 24 chromosomes.
3
Fall related fracture in elderly occur MOST to the __ , in pt's w/ underlying __?
pelvis, osteoarthritis.
humerus, arthritis.
hip, osteoporosis.
elbow, osteoporosis.
4
Leading cause of deathfrom infection in Americans older than 65 years of age is?
encephalitis.
meningitis.
nephritis.
pneumonia.
5
When assessing a pt with autism you should?
proximal to distal on patient.
give explanation to caregiver & not talk directly to patient
mindful of actions & give explanation of what you are doing.
ask caregiver to stay behind.
6
Failure of heart primary pacemaker & development of alternate pacemaker in atria would result ?
atrioventricular block.
atrial fibrillation.
junctional ryhthms.
ventricular ectopy.
7
Dysathria is?
speech disorder that mostly affects adults.
inability to make speech sounds correctly.
cause by damage of the language center of brain.
loss of ability to communicate in speech or writing.
8
Which of the following conditions is the older patient at greatest risk for?
rheumatoid arthritis.
chronic hypotension.
peripheral vascular disease.
AMI.
9
In contrast to an AV fistula, an AV graft?
found on lower extremity of dialysis patient.
palpated as a pulsating bulge on upper extremity.
creates raised area under skin that resembles large vessel.
used for pt undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
10
Which cardiac dysrhythmias is associated w/ the highest risk of stroke?
junctional rhythm.
AV heart block.
sinus tachycardia.
atrial fibrillation.
11
Hydrocephalus may occur if?
too much CSF forced in spinal canal.
brain produces less than 500mL of CSF per day.
bleeding in brain cause an increase in ICP.
cerebrospinal fluid absorption into bloodstream is reduced.
12
A disease process that is expected to cause death within 6 months, verified by a physician.
terminal illness.
cancer.
left sided heart failure.
cystic fibrosis.
13
Kyphosis is characterized by?
cartilage degeneration.
veretbral disc compression.
hunch back appearance.
lateral curvature of the spine.
14
Adult pt who have tracheostomy tube in place & are ventilator dependent should receive?
cool, dry air through ventilator circuit.
deep tracheal suctioning every other day.
humidification & heating of inspired air.
ventilation rate of 20 to 24 breaths/min.
15
While transporting a cancer patient who is receiving chemotherapy, you should recall that?
prophylactic antiemetic medication are often needed.
chemotherapy weaken a patients immune system.
chemotherapy only used to treat metastatic cancer.
pt condition is terminal.
16
Which of the following clinical presentations is MOST consisent w/ a malfunctioning CSF shunt?
tachycardia, tinnitus, narrow pulse pressure.
visual disturbances, headache, & AMS.
tachypnea, fluid drainage from the ears, & restlessness.
hypotension, sudden loss of hearing, & severe nausea.
17
When elderly pt prescribed medication, the risk for drug toxicity increases because of?
age related changes in hepatic enzyme systems.
increase in the glomeurular filtration rate.
presence of chronic conditions, such as diabetes.
increase in the production of antidiuretic hormone.
18
When troubleshooting a hearing aid that is not working, you should?
soak device in hydrogen peroxide.
carefully clean device with alcohol prep.
avoid attempting to clean the device.
ensure device is set to telephone mode.
19
Inflating balloonduring diastole, which pushes blood into the systemic circulation function of?
CSF shunt.
intra aortic balloon pump.
intracranial pressure monitor.
cardiac catheterization.
20
Get to dialysis center pt w/ SOB, still receiving dialysis, partner gives oxygen you should ?
instruct tech to remove pt from dialysis machine.
IV in opposite arm of AV shunt & set flow of 25 ml/
administer beta 2 agnoist medi & contact medical control.
ask tech how long the pt has been on dialysis machine.
21
An elderly person is more likely to sustain serious injury following trauma due to?
chronic renal hypertrophy.
brittle, demineralized bone.
ineffective vasoconstriction.
decreased respiratory function.
22
Which of the following central nervous system functions does NOT change as a person ages?
cognitive speed.
memory retrieval.
intelligence level.
postural stability.
23
Elderly pt are more susceptible to intracranial bleeding because of?
a marked increase in brain size.
enlargement of the subdural space.
depletion of CSF.
constriction of the cerebral vessels.
24
Aging is a linear process, which means that?
elderly exhibit cumulative results of longer aging process.
older we get, faster our bodies decline in function.
rate at which we lose functions does not increase w/ age.
elderly experience decrease function fasterthan young adults
25
Aging kidneys decrease glomerular filtration rate predisposes pt all of the following EXCEPT?
hypernatremia.
profound dehydration.
acute volume overload.
hyperkalemia.
26
Which statement regarding peritoneal dialysis is correct?
only be performed in hospital setting.
involves filtering blood through machine.
will have an AV shunt.
fluid is instilled into the abdominal cavity.
27
BVM of the obese pt would MOST likely be ineffective when pt is?
semisitting.
supine.
apneic.
reverse trendelenburg.
28
Which of the following is an extrinsic cause of falls in the elderly?
dizziness or syncope.
an uneven sidewalk.
postural hypotension.
pathologic fracture.
29
Fetus spinal does not close properly & vertebrae does not develop, leaving spinalcord exposed?
muscular dystrophy occurs.
spinal bifida occurs.
cystic fibrosis occurs.
cerebral palsy occurs.
30
Morbid obesity is defined as a body mass index that is?
greater than 30 kg/m2.
greater than 50 kg/m2.
between 30 & 39.9 kg/m2.
between 40 & 49.9 kg/m2.
31
An elderly person is at increased risk for aspiration, primarily from?
a decreased ability to swallow.
slowing of the ciliary mechanisms.
atrophy of the epiglottis.
decreased cough & gag reflexes.
32
Which is MOST common respiratory infection that causes death in elderly population?
respiratory syncytial virus.
pneumocystis carinii.
myobacterium tuberculosis.
pneumococcus bacteria.
33
When a patient is receiving palliative care, medical care?
aggressive, invasive & uncomfortable interventions cease.
ceases, & focus is relieving pain until pt dies.
continues, but only minimal invasives are done to prolong.
ceases, & death process continue to point of death.
34
Delirium is MOST accurately defined as?
pattern of disorganized thinking progress over several weeks
AMS caused by structural damage to the brain.
acute alteration in mentation indicate underlying condition.
alteration cognitive function may or may not be reversible.
35
Loss of high- frequency sounds &the inability to differentiate a sound from background noise?
meniere disease.
presbycusis.
glaucoma.
cataracts.
36
What drug should be avoided in renal failure?
succinylcholine, digoxin, & beta-adrengic/ beta blockers.
etiomadate.
veroconinum/ recronium.
morphine/ fentaynl.
37
Sign & symptoms of Meniere disease include all of the following EXCEPT?
tinnitus.
otorrhea.
hearing loss.
vertigo.
38
Dialysis pt requires pharmacology assisted intubation. Which medication should not be given?
etomidate.
succinylcholine.
vecuronium.
midazolam.
39
ConditionMOST likely impair pulmonary function limiting lung volume & max inspiratory pressure?
spondylosis.
asthma.
kyphosis.
osteoporsosis.
40
Muscular dystrophy can be defined as?
birth defect by improper development of fetal neural tube.
nonprogressive neuromuscular disorder by fetal brain hypoxia
genetic disease slow, progressive degeneration muscle fiber.
autoimmune disease skeletal muscle rapidly destroyed.
41
After falls, __ is second leading cause of accidental death among elderly people?
submersion injury.
thermal burns.
drug interactions.
motor vehicle accidents.
42
Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?
pt w/ autism are mute & have IQ less than 20.
cause of autism is traumatic brain injury & severe emotional
some pt w/ autism able to easily solve math problems.
except that pt w/ autism will respond favorably to physical.
43
Central nervous system disease caused by destruction of myelin & nerve axons in brain & cord is
cerebral palsyis.
rheumatoid arthritis.
cystic fibrosis.
multiple sclerosis.
44
Type II osteoporosis tends to progress more rapidly in?
post menopausal women.
patients with excess calcium.
males over 60 years of age.
the lower extremity bones.
45
A key element of the "G" in the gems diamond includes?
checking the physical condition of the pt home.
obtaining a complete medical history.
assessing the eldery pt activities of daily living.
recalling that elderly pt often present atypically.
46
Assess pt & he has a ventricular assist device b/c of LHF, the device is connected to the?
left atrium.
left ventricle.
right ventricle.
right atrium.
47
Aging brings a widespread decrease in bone mass, especially?
in post menopausal women.
if the person falls frequently.
in men over 50 years of age.
in the presence of hypertension.
48
Characteristic physical feature of down syndrome include?
excessively long neck.
downward slanting eyes.
protruding tongue.
bulging of nose & face.
49
Signs & symptoms of anti cholinergic medication toxicity include?
hypoglycemia, depression, & poor muscle movement.
hypotension, palpations, & respiratory distress.
epistaxis, abdominal pain, & blood in urine.
urinary difficulty, constipation, & hypertension.
50
Defective gene difficulty chloride move through cells,high sodium loss & thick mucus secretion
pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
pathophysiology of spinal bifida.
pathophysiology of cerebral palsy.
pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis.
51
Impaired proprioception predisposes an elderly person to?
hearing loss.
depression.
skin tears.
falls.
52
When interviewing an elderly pt with a medical complaint, you should avoid?
speaking to the family member first rather than the patient.
talking about the pt in the absence of the family members.
detailed explanations of what your doing to him or her.
looking directly at the pt, as it may upset her.
53
The social assessment component of the gems diamond includes?
what appears as an NOI may be a trauma component.
determine if activities of livingprovided by another person.
look for multiple medications that treat the same condition.
assess functional smoke detectors in pt home.
54
The fistula used for hemodialysis is a surgical connection between?
two large arteries.
artery & a vein.
two large veins.
vein & peritoneum.
55
When assessing an unresponsive elderly pt airway, it is MOST important to remember that?
delayed gastric emptying increase the risk of aspiration.
age related tooth loss may cause obstruction of the airway.
head should not be extended b/c weakened cervical vertebrae.
a marked reduction in salvia causes dryness in oral mucosa
56
The outflow catheter of CSF stunt is MOST commonly placed into the patients?
right atrium.
pulmonary cavity.
peritoneal cavity.
left ventricle.
57
Hypotension & orthostatic vital sign changes would Most likely occur in elderly pt who takes?
beta blockers.
diuretics.
antidepressants.
ACE inhibitors.
58
Most age related visual disturbance are the result of?
retinal artery occulsion.
cataracts or glaucoma.
macular degeneration.
diabetic retinopathy.
59
You would MOST likely encounter the presence of a ventricular assist device in pt who?
transient right heart failure.
pulmonary hypertension.
severe emphysema.
awaiting a heart transplant.
60
Decreased elasticity of the lungs & calcification of the costochondral cartilage result in?
a decrease in airway size & resistance.
an increase in residual lung volume.
a significant increase in vital capacity.
a decrease in the total amount of air in the lungs.
61
Person takes multiple doses of same medication b/c inability to distinguish flavor example of?
adverse drug reaction
toxicology emergency.
inadvertent medication noncompliance.
polypharmacy
62
When treating a dialysis patient, it is important to?
carefully titrate any IV fluids given.
elevate arm with AV fistula.
treat acidosis with sodium bicarbonate.
keep patient in supine position.
63
Which statement of Alzheimer disease is NOT correct?
symptoms of the disease are generally obvious at onset.
disease likely not a part of the aging process.
common signs of disease are: paranoia & delusions.
age alone is thought to be the underlying cause of disease.
64
In contrast to delirium, dementia is?
cause by conditions like poisioning & infection.
acute state of confusion may last up to one week.
progressive disease produces irreversible brain failure.
reversible if underlying cause is identified rapidly.
65
Nonprogressive, bilateral neuromuscular disorder which voluntary muscles are poorly controled.
rheumatoid arthritis.
cystic fibrosis.
multiple sclerosis.
cerebral palsy.
66
Therapeutic doses of certain drugs reach toxic levels due to deterioration of the ?
intestinal tract.
liver.
gallbladder.
spleen.
67
Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative change in the cerival spine that causes?
fracture of odontoid process the second cervical vertebra.
narrowing of the spinal canal & pressure on the spinal cord.
destruction of intervertebral discs & vertebral fracture.
lateral curvature of cervical spine w/ cord impingement.
68
Components of environmental assessment of pt include all of the following, EXCEPT?
inquiring about any delays in obtaining food.
assess for odor of urine or feces.
ensure food is adequate & unspoiled.
look for rotted floors or faulty wiring.
69
Polypharmacy is MOST accurately defined as?
harmful interaction when several drugs are taken together.
prescribing of multiple drugs to treat multiple conditions.
unintentional ingestion of multiple doses of same drug.
unnecessary prescribing drugs to prevent a disease.
70
Purpose of hospice care is to?
render care to pt w/ debilitiating but temporary disease.
quality end of life care through pain & symptom management.
restore pt to max physical & emotional potential.
render around the clock intensive care to prevent arrest.

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