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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
2
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
3
The Byzantine Empire
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
used a senate as the chief governing body
4
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
opposition to the Catholic Church
growth of democratic forms of gov't
rejection of Spanish culture
exploitation of people and resources
5
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
6
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
breakdown of central government
decline of trade
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
7
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
contact with other cultures through trade
8
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
establish Christianity in W Europe
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
unite warring Arab peoples
9
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
increasing power of feudal lords
10
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
divide power evenly
obtain consent of the governed
11
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
established monotheistic religions
had decentralized political structures
emphasized social equality
12
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
decline in African slave trade
Age of Exploration in Europe
growth of feudalism in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
13
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
mercantilism and industrial expansion
war and constant invasion
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
14
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
established absolutist governments
promoted peace and prosperity
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
15
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
Orthodox Christianity
Latin language
silk cloth
democratic ideas
16
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
accessible by water
protected by mountains
close to a network of navigable rivers
isolated from the rest of Europe
17
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a shrinking aristocracy
a wealthy class invested in the arts
an absolutist gov't
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
18
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
19
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
universal suffrage/democracy
social mobility
a questioning spirit
racial diversity
20
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Europe and Asia
South America and Asia
North America and Europe
Africa and Southeast Asia
21
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
rifles and diamonds
iron ore and coal
spices and silk
gold and salt
22
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Court systems were developed
23
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
feudalism
socialism
free market
manorialism
24
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
mercantalism
manorialism
25
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Scientific Revolution
Age of Exploration
Middle Ages
Enlightenment
26
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
formation of cultural links with Europe
development of extensive trade
military conquest of China
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
27
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Iran and Thailand
Japan and Tibet
Russia and Iraq
28
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
introduction of gunpowder to China
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
29
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
locations were favorable for trade
military power led to industrialization
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
30
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
rise of nation-states
decreasing importance of towns and cities
collapse of international trade
increase in influence of serfs
31
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
32
Humanism was
belief in the supremacy of the collective
embracing the separation of church and state
appreciation for the worth of the individual
a rejection of ancient civilizations
33
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
a decrease in trade and commerce
the toleration of members of other cultures
the creation of democratic governments
34
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Byzantine emperors
elected parliaments
national monarchies
the Roman Catholic Church
35
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
36
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
37
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
produced few cultural achievements
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
lived at peace with their neighbors
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
38
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
39
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
ethnocentrism
cultural diffusion
self-determination
40
Africa's geography is characterized by
an absence of rain forests
a diverse topography
a lack of major river systems
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
41
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Tang and Song dynasties
Byzantine Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Gupta Empire
42
The European feudal system represents a society based on
social class
accumulated wealth
educational achievement
political ability
43
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
It is better to be loved, than feared
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
44
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in one God
belief in the reincarnation of souls
deep reverence and respect for nature
45
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
value of the individual
superiority of medieval thought
obedience to gov't officials
devotion to religion
46
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
accept medieval W European religious ideas
47
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
48
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Ionic
Gothic
neoclassical
Corinthian
49
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
favored separation from secular government
was a strong force that divided many people
50
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
51
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
agricultural communes
codified laws
Islam
52
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
development of feudalism in Europe
53
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Hellenistic
Ottoman
Byzantine
54
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
55
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
56
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
weakening of the power of the middle class
expansion of world trade
establishment of the guild system
development of a socialist economy
57
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
rise of nation states
introduction of new military
fall of Constantinople
outbreak of deadly diseases
58
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
provide order during a period of weak central governments
increase trade and manufacturing
eliminate the need for a legal system
consolidate the political power of the region
59
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Muslim world
Pax Romana
Gupta Empire
Aztec Empire
60
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
sites of early civilization
Latin American societies
cities of origin for major religions
centers of world trade
61
One major result of the Crusades was the
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
long-term decrease in European trade
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
62
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
cultural values
belief in democracy
imperialist attitudes
rigid social structure
63
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
individualism
mysticism
secularism
humanism
64
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
manorialism
capitalism
industrialism
mercantilism
65
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the end of foreign domination
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the furthest expansion of their borders
66
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
67
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
68
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
radical revolutionaries
peasant farmers
warrior aristocrats
middle class merchants
69
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
a culture that accepted militarism
equality among Japanese citizens
an increased interest in science and technology
peaceful relations with other nations
70
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
military strategies of the Mali
social kinship of the Ashanti people
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
71
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
market economy
manorilaism
mercantalism
72
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
human scientific achievements
classic Greek and Roman subjects
materialism
religious themes
73
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
74
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
75
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
failure of other nations to become interested in China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
great culutral diversity within China's borders
76
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
the manor system and land ownership
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
77
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
78
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
self-sufficiency of the manor system
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
economic policies of the Roman Empire
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
79
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
feudalism
manorialism
mercantilism
entrepreneurship
80
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
Mecca to Asia Minor
the Indus River to Spain
81
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Religious reform was a major concern
82
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
83
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a golden age
a poverty-stricken era
a time of colonial unrest
a period of political chaos
84
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
peaceful territorial expansion
origin in the Andes Mountains
social equality
dedication to advancement of science
85
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
86
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
87
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
development of a European middle class
88
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
merchants and pilgrims
missionaries and slave traders
89
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
providing social stability
encouraging formal education
eliminating warfare
fostering the growth of religion
90
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
developed self-sufficient economies
received support from European colonial governments
91
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italy was politically unified
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
92
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
islamic influence dominated Europe
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
93
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
diseases introduced by the Spanish
wars btwn various native groups
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
94
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
manorialism
communism
feudalism
socialism
95
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was a religious center for Muslims
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
96
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
an adoption of Islam
an increased demand of goods from the East
the strengthening of the feudal system
increased European isolation
97
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
men and women had equal employment opportunities
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
religion had little developmental influence
98
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
the production of raw materials and cash crops
isolationism
respect for the rights of the indigenous
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
99
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Scientific Revolution
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Commercial Revolution
100
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Holy Roman
Byzantine
Ottoman
Assyrian
101
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
on major trading routes
in coastal areas
in mountainous terrain
in rain forest areas
102
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade and commerce declined
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
103
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
Communist regimes
feudal governments
104
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
developed a representative government
gained overseas colonies
promoted equality for women
105
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Feudalism strengthened
Nationalistic movements began to decline
The Catholic Church was weakened
106
The European feudal system was
supported by the labor of peasants
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
designed to promote political and economic equality
controlled by a powerful middle class
107
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
108
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
the many opportunities for social mobility
a decentralized government
an open democratic society
an adoption of Christianity
109
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
limited social mobility
a strong central government
rejection of Christian teachings
a thriving system of international trade
110
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
persecution of Jews and Christains
adoption of democratic government
development of the foundation of modern science and math
111
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
112
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
avoiding contact with the West
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
employing superior military skills
113
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Voltaire
Machiavelli
Montesquei
Locke
114
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
granted independence as soon as possible
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
encouraged to develop their own industries
115
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
The nobles encouraged social mobility
sharp class distinctions divided European society
the practices of the church led to classless society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
116
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
mercantilism
equality among the social classes
practicing rituals to please the gods
direct democracy
117
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
These had rich history before European contact
The African societies flourished at the same time
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
118
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
decline of Greek city-states
first religious wars in Europe
start of the Renaissance in Italy