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EKG AMCA
EKG AMCA
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1
lowers overall resistance in the vascular beds
Ace inhibitors
Warfarin
2
each large square in the EKG graph paper is equal to
.20
.40
3
LEAD III
LA TO LL
RA TO LL
4
following PHI can be disclosed by the med office w/o the pt's permission
medical practice's treatment, payment, and operation info
consent forms and HIPAA forms
5
cardiac output is equal to
SV X HR
HR X CONTRACTILITY
6
counted to obtain atrial rate
QRS complex
p wave
7
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA is aka
stroke
angina
8
grounded lead
RL
LL
9
most superficial layer of the heart that is made up of simple squamous epithelial tissue called
pericardium
epicardium
10
the initiation of the impulse in the SA node & its movement through the atria produces a
QRS
PRI
11
period in the mechanical & electrical events when the heart is relaxed and involves repolarization
depolarization
systole
diastole
12
rhythm
a. flutter
a. fib
13
which of the following actions is helpful in assisting pts w/ their needs?
keeping a list of community resources that can further assist the pt
sending the visiting nurse to assess the pt
14
characteristics of a pt who is said to be asystole
rapid rate & loss of consciousness
rate of 0 and no pulse
15
which is true regarding EKG paper
a grid of horizontal and vertical lines that intersect to form
5 small squares= larger box , represent 0.20 seconds
16
what occurs when electrical impulses come from multiple foci in the atrium
atrial fib.
Vent. tachy
17
placing electrodes on a pt's chest, arm & legs, interference can occur if the pt has a lot of hair covering their body
apply a depilatory and wipe off hair
ask pt's permission before shaving them
18
following functions of the LT Vent. is NOT a phase in the cardiac cycle
pressure
filling
19
space between ribs
ICS
Valves
20
Contraction/systole of the cardiac muscle
depolarization
p wave
21
Relaxation/Diastole of the cardiac muscle
repolarization
T wave
22
touching a person's body without their consent
battery
assault
23
most muscular chamber of the heart that forces blood through the AOV into the Aorta would be
Left atrium
left ventricle
24
pt is regularly taking digoxin for heart failure, pt is instructed to do which of the following
check their pulse on a regular basis
Continue w/ their OTC meds
25
rhythm?
A. Fib
V. fib
26
normal characteristics of the t wave
symmetrical and hyperacute
symm. & inverted
27
Which of the following is treated w/ Hydrocholorothiazide
high bp and fluid retention
interstitisl cystitis
28
Vent rhythm :
V. fib
V. tachy
29
when monitoring a pt w/ sinus arrhythmia, a gradual increasing of the HR is usually associated w/
Inspiration
early signs of heart attack
30
deflection of the QRS in leads I, II, III, aVL, aVF, & V4-V6
UPRIGHT
BIPHASIC
31
Atrial depolarization
QRS
P wave
32
what occurs when electrical impulses come from foci in the Atrium
a. fib
a. flutter
33
T wave
normally oriented in the same direction as the preceding QRS complex
larger than the P wave and completely symmetrical
34
interference may occur if there is hair covering pt body&need to be shaved. What should u do prior to shaving the pt?
wash their skin and apply shave cream
ask pt's permission before shaving them
35
category of anti-hypertensive meds that cause Vasodilation, block aldosterone secretion & increase urine output
Beta adrenergic
ACE inhibitor
36
limb leads are obtained by placing electrodes on the
rt. arm, lt, leg, and rt leg
Rt arm, lt. arm, and lt. leg
37
following terms refers to the Vent. ectopic discharge @ a rapid, regular rate in excess of 100 bpm
A. FLUTTER
VENT TACHY
38
in which of the following will the QRS complex have higher amplitude?
when there is fluid in the peri
in women
39
Q wave is
normally absent
first neg. deflection following P wave
40
known as the pacemaker of the heart
SA Node
AV node
41
what kind of irregularity involves a rhythm that speeds up & down in a rhythmic fashion
patterned
frequent
42
how is a pt info written for an EKG?
@ a 6th grade reading level
always in english
43
heart on the Rt side
reverse cardia
Dextrocardia
44
position for EKG
supine
reverse Trendelenburg
45
intrinsic firing rate of the AV node
40-60
60-100
46
which of the following topics wouldnt be brought up in exam prep
DOB
insurance
47
waveforms may be displayed on a screen called
Oscilloscope
graph
48
characteristics of Premature Ventricular complexes include they
Have a wide & bizarre QRS complex
preceded by an inverted P wave
49
t wave represens
depolar. of the vent.
repolar. of the vent.
50
when educating a pt abt factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis, include which of the following?
High BUN
High BP and obesity
51
which of the following waveforms comes after the Twave and is visible on an EKG
U WAVE
P WAVE
52
3rd step in analyzing EKG
determine regualrity
examine the P wave
53
hr when a person is experiencing atrial fib.
irregular & slow
irregular & fast
54
tall & symmetrical peaked P waves may be seen w/
delay in the movement of the electrical impulse between the RT< atria
increased right atrial pressure and right atrial dialtion
55
cardio accelerator center
part of the parasympathetic nervous sys
part of the sympathetic nervous system
56
what vital sign shouldnt be taken if pt presents w/ chest pain
oxygen levels
weight
57
PRI may vary from beat to beat in
A. fib
A. flutter
Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)
58
during depolarization
no electrical activity takes place
impulses generated&transmitted when +ions move inside cell causing to be +
59
aVR, aVL, & aVF leads
bipolar
augmented
60
what can prevent electrodes from being places in their usual location
amputations, casts, or wounds
migraine headache
61
circulation of blood to all organs of the systems of the body is AKA
pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
62
p waves from impulses outside of SA are called
p neutral
p prime
63
which of the following describes the PRI on a second degree AV heart block, type I?
progressively longer
absent
64
period in which the mechanical and electrical events of the heart are relaxed & involves repolar.
diastole
systole
65
blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the body
pulmonary vein
aorta
Coronary arteries
66
treated w/ hydrochlorothiazide
angina pectoris
high bp and fluid retention
67
vertical line on an EKG strip represents
voltage/ amplitude
HR
68
wall that separates the two superior chambers of the heart is called
IVS
Interatrial septum
69
On an EKG horizontal lines measure
heart rate
cardiac output
70
V6 placement
5th ICS midclavicular
5th ICS left midaxillary line
71
Junctional Tachy has
an irregular rhythm
PRI less than 0.12 secs
72
name of the heart disease in which coronary arteries are blocked and cell death occurs
angina
Myocardial Infarction
73
rhytm
v. tachy
V fib.
74
during which phase of the cardiac cycle do the coronary arteries fill
early diastole
late diastole
75
when preparing a pt to wear a Holter monitor instruct the pt to
remove monitor when exercising
depress the event marker for significant symptoms
76
what arrhythmia ?
A. fib
first-degree heart block
77
what mechanical event during the cardiac cycle is responsible for the production of the 2nd heart sound?
closing of semilunar valves
closing of AV valves
78
which ekg limb lead doesnt record electrical activity from the heart
LT LEG
RT LEG
79
"pain associated w/ the heart"
Cardiodynia
cardiomegaly
80
blood vessel carries oxygen. blood from the LV
aorta
pulmonary artery
81
when no abnormalities show during a resting EKG the physician must order an exercise EKG AKA
Holter monitor
stress test
82
Name of rhythm
V. tachy
sinus arrest
83
refers to damage to a layer of the heart muscle
percarditis
cardiomyopathy
84
Making false statements orally
Slander
libel
85
the electrical impulse that normally initiates the heartbeat arises from the
SA Node
AV node
86
3 layers of the heart
peri, myo, endo
epi, myo, endo
87
use of noninvasive & painless ultrasound to examine the heart, its chambers and valves is known as
electrocardiography
doppler imaging
echocardiography
88
part of the heart's electrical conduction system triggers both atria to contract
SA node
AV node
89
narcan is used to block/reverse effects of opioid med, the treatment is given where
muscle on the outer thigh
gluteus maximus
90
EKG limb lead that doesn't record any electrical activity from the heart
LL
RL
91
An idioventricular rhythm has a rate of
20-40 bpm
60-100 bpm
92
correct prefix for "excessive" or "high"
hyper
hypo
93
myocardium is
mid layer ; responsible for pumping action
external layer
94
Which of the following is usually the cause of interrupted baseline artifact
pt has oily skin/used lotion
pt sat up
95
which one of the following tests do not permit the calculation of the cardiac ejection fraction
2d echo
chest x-ray
96
each small square in the EKG is equal to
.04
.40
97
If a pt is said to be in asystole, characteristics would be
Rate of 0 and no pulse
absence of discernible P waves
98
what is a Q wave
first negative deflection following P wave
sometimes upright
99
type of rhythm
a. fib
a. flut.
100
during stress test, pt's bp drops to 80/60mmHg. what should the tech do?
complete the procedure normally
have the pt lie supine w/ legs elevated
101
name of 3 leaflet heart valve loc. between RA & RV
mitral valve
tri valve
102
pt must undress from the waist up and put a gown on.what else is the pt instructed to do
apply lotion to overly dry skin
remove any metal items, change and cell phones from their pockets & body
103
Dysrhythmia means
rhythm arises from a site outside SA node
EKG rhythm differs from normal sinus rhythm
104
a good source of vitamin K is cabbage
True
False
105
when preparing a pt to wear a holter monitor, what instruction should be given to them
depress the event marker for significant symptoms
remove the monitor from case at night
106
which of the following is the first structure tht will be seen when imaging from the suprasternal notch
aortic arch
IVC
107
how can a pt tell if nitroglycerin has lost its strength?
they will have itching and a rash
will not feel tingling when they place med under tongue
108
valve separates the LA and the LV
bicuspid
tri
109
who must be present during a stress test
EKG tech
cardiologist
110
normal duration range when measuring a QRS complex on an EKG strip
0.08-0.10 s
0.05-0.07
111
which pt education process lets you know that the teaching plan is working
documentation
evaluation
112
a rhythm speeds up & slows down in a rhythmic fashion it is referred as
Patterned
frequent
113
which leads are placed 5th ICS @ MIDCLAVICULAR & MIDAXILLARY
V5 & V6
V4 & V6
114
what is represented by a small square running horizontally on EKG strip
0.04 sec
3 sec
115
Two PVCs in a row
double
couplet
salvo
116
earliest sign of the M.I. on an EKG tracing
ST-segment elevation
No P waves
117
what is the typical EKG change seen in a pt w/ hypokalemia
presence of U-wave
elevated J point
118
which action occurs during Vent. Systole
both vent. contract
Left Vent. contracts
119
pt is asymptomatic during EKG, HR of 98 bpm, & normal sinus rhythm. what should u do?
continue recording
call 911
120
Premature atrial complexes originate from the
Atria
AV junction
121
which of the following is a treatment for Vent. tachy.
cardioversion
cardiac ablation
122
Contraction phase of the heartbeat is called
Repolarization
Systole
123
The normal QRS complex
duration of 0.06-0.12
occurs before PRI
124
when charting EKG, which is important to document
brand of ekg machine
indication of ekg
125
skeleton of heart
heart's conduction system
separates the atria from Vent.
126
Automaticity means
ability to produce electrical impulse w/o need for outside stimulation
ability to respond to electrical impulse
127
parts of the heart indicated by arrows
Purkinje fiber & AV
sa & av
128
what does R wave represent
AV node trigerring depolar. in the Vent.
delay caused by the SA
129
P wave represents
Repolar of the Atria
Depolar. of the atria
130
when charting an EKG, which of the following is most important to document
Brand of machine
indication for the EKG
131
blood vessel brings deoxy blood from heart to the lungs
pulmon. artery
aorta
132
W/ LEAD 2, THE + electrode is positioned on the
RT leg
LT leg
133
breastbone is referred to as
Sternum
septum
134
counted to obtain atrial rate
t waves
p waves
135
Holter monitor is AKA
ambulatory EKG
Cardioversion
136
which waveforms are indicated by the two arrows in the images
T & Q
P & T
137
another name for mini-strokes
TIA
BCC
138
which of the following types of waves are used when calculating HR using the 300 method
r waves
q waves
139
med used to treat a known opioid overdose
baby aspirin
Narcan
140
reference point to identify the changing electrical amplitude
QRS complex
isoelectric line
141
a dysfunction in which of the following is associated w/ an abnormal sinus tachy
nerve signals @ sinus node
AV node
142
the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart
allows the heart to expand & contract w/ minimal friction
the mid layer of the heart
143
which of the following conditions can result in atrial fibrillation?
anemia
hypertension
144
should NOT be included when charting EKG procedure
type of EKG machine
Tech's initials
145
method of preparation for the pt that will ensure a successful EKG
pt disrobe and put a gown on
making sure pt's legs aren't crossed and arms are resting @ each side
146
point where QRS meets ST segment
J point
ST interval
147
V2 location?
5th ICS to the right of sternum
4th ICS to the left of the sternum
148
U wave represents
Purkinje fibers repolarization
Vent. depolar.
149
most accurate way to measure HR
300 method
1500 method
150
how do statin meds work
treat hypertension in pts w high BP
reduce incidence of heart attack and death in the pts w/ high cholesterol
151
Mitral valve
Loc. between LA & LV
Loc between RA& RV
152
used as a reference point to identify the changing electrical impulse
isoelectric line
P WAVE
153
if a pt has a limb amputated, where would the electrode be placed
use 2 leads on the remaining limb
tape the electrode to the site
154
flat line going across screen is
systole
asystole
155
pt in the emergency room presents w/ an irregular Heart beat and a bp of 160/92 mmHG. best description of pts condition
hypotension
hypertension
156
how much blood coming into the Vents flows passively through the aorta
60
80
70
40
157
during 1-rescuer CPR the compression to ventilation ratio is
30:2
30:1
158
EKG electrodes
C) always be placed in the same direction
B)must be made by the same manufacturer
D) Both a&b
A) should always not be expired
159
Rt. side of the heart circulation
systemic
pulmonary
160
part of pt med history including lifestyle& health habits
fam history
social history
161
what may tall and symm. peaked p waves be seen w?
increased right atrial pressure and right atrial dilation
impulses outside SA node
162
heart valves that separate the atria from the vent. are
semilunar valves
atrioventricular valves
163
which of the following marks the EKG paper
stylus
pen
marker
164
which of the following is the correct med term for an enlarged heart
cardiomyopathy
cardiomegaly
165
__ positioned on the pt's skin detect the heart's electrical activity
leads
electrodes
166
most superficial layer; made up of simple squamous epithelial tissue over loose areolar connective tissue is called
endo
pericardium
epi
167
the PRI gets progressively longer in
2nd degree AV heart block
1st degree AV heart block
168
Ventricular depolarization
P wave
repolarization
QRS
T wave
169
p wave rep. which electrical activity
atrial repolar
atrial depolar.
170
electrocardiogram measures
heart's electrical activity
cardiac output
171
nitroglycerin shouldn't be used if a pt is also taking med to treat
erectile dysfunction
bacterial infection
172
action occurs during Vent. Syst.
both Vent. contract
both Vent. relax
173
med used as a local anesthetic and as a first line anti-arrhythmic used to treat acute life threatening Vent. Arrhythmia
Xylocaine
Lipitor
174
what tales place as a result of myocardial infarction
major artery becomes blocked
portion of heart muscle dies
175
antihypertensive med
Metoprolol
digoxin
176
heart receives most of its blood supply via
Coronary arteries
SVC
177
Gastro means...
stomach
gas
178
Impulse traveling through the His-Purkinjie system generates a
P wave
QRS Complex
179
pre-excitation
leads to a delayed depolar
produces a characteristically abnormal amount of QRS complex & short PRI
180
where may shorter than normal PRI be seen
junctional escape rhythm
sinus dys.
181
Regulation of HR, speed of electrical conduction & strength of contraction are influenced by the brain via the __ sys.
autonomic nervous
central nervous
182
in leads i, ii,, iii, avl, & v4-v6, the defelction of QRS IS
upright
biphasic
183
which of the following applies to the premature vent. complexes
have normal PRI
they have a wide and unusual QRS complex
184
what does A. fib have
absence of discernible P wave
reg rhythm
185
a mini stroke lasting several mins to a few hours, but has no permanent damage
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Cerebrovascular Accident
186
a standardization mark
.20 secs
10 mm tall; 2 large squares high
187
first heart sound heard is the ___ valve & the ___ closing
mitral and tricuspid
aortic and pulmonic
188
following rhythm is
vent. fib
v. tachy
189
OTC med that can be very effective as an antiplatelet is which of the following
Aspirin
naprosyn
190
R-on-T PVC
occurs on or near T wave of the previous beatj
produces a non-compensatory pause
191
a tech suspects pt is having an ischemic event. which portion of the ekg tracing should tech examine
p wave
st segment
192
pt w fragile skin for telemetry monitoring; what measure should ekg tech take
apply lubricant before applying electronic
decreased pressure when abrading it
193
how do med that are "statins" work
reduce incidence of heart attack & death in pt w/ high cholesterol
treat HPTN in pt's w high BP
194
To calculate an irregular heart rhythm use
6 second method
300 method
195
electrical conduction pathway
SA - AV -> Bundle of his-> purkinje fibers
sa- pf-av-bundle his
196
Ventricular repolarization
T wave
P wave
197
an electrical current traveling toward a positive electrode produces a waveform that
points upward
points downward
198
a. fib has
longer PRI
no P waves
199
name of the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the body
pulmonary veins
aorta
200
following rhythm :
A. flutter
A. fib
