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Midterm Practice Part 2
Midterm Practice Part 2
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1
What is the basic unit of all living organisms?
Atoms
Electrons
Carbon
Cells
2
Which of the following is not a function of mitosis
asexual reproduction
make sex cells
healing/growth
maintain small cell size
3
What is the phase when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Prophase
Middlephase
Anaphase
Metaphase
4
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Metaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Interphase
5
What is The name of the phase where DNA is replicated?
Interphase
Telophase
Prophase
Cytokinesis
6
How many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell?
48
24
46
23
7
Temporarily storing materials needed by the cell is a function of:
chromosomes
vesicles
centrioles
vacuoules
8
The vascular tissue that distributes sugars (aka food) throughout the plant is called
transport tissue
ground transport
phloem
xylem
9
What process is shown by the equation below?
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
metabolism
both photo and cell resp.
10
Where do animals directly obtain their energy from?
water
food
sunlight
oxygen
11
Which of the following is not a principle of cell theory?
cells are the basic units of structure of all living things
cells come from other cells
cells were discovered using the microscope
all living organisms are composed of cells
12
The process that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the original cell
meiosis
identicalization
fertilization
mitosis
13
Which process is shown below?
Photosynthesis
Both
Neither
Cellular Respiration
14
What is The phase of meiosis where crossing over occurs?
Interphase
Prophase 2
Prophase
Prophase 1
15
Which part of a phospholipid is polar and hydrophilic?
phosphate head
lipid tail
16
Osmosis is the:
diffusion of water
diffusion of all molecules
diffusion of lipids
diffusion of proteins
17
What direction do substances move during diffusion?
against the concentration gradient
up the concentration gradient
high concentration to low concentration
Low concentration to high concentration
18
Where are ribosomes produced?
nucleus
nucleoid region
nuclear membrane
nucleolus
19
Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between
adenine and a phosphate group
adenine and ribose
ribose and a phosphate group
the second and third phosphate
20
What are the name of all reproductive cells?
somatic cells
gametes
sperm cells
egg cells
21
Mutations can have __________ effect on an organism.
all of the above
a negative
no
a positive
22
When one nucleotide is replaced by another, it is called a:
insertion
deletion
substitution
frameshift mutation
23
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
proteins
amino acids
monosaccharide
nucleotides
24
What is the first step of photosynthesis?
Chemiosmosis
Calvin Cycle
ETC
Absorption of Light
25
What is the function of the nucleus?
protein synthesis
sort and package proteins
help to manufacture proteins
stores information used to make proteins
26
In RNA, Adenine pairs with
Thymine
Uracil
27
Which of the following does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn't have?
vacuoles
centrioles
chloroplast
cell wall
28
Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?
to control what comes in and out of the cell
to act as a barrier
to provide structural support
to synthesize proteins
29
The end product of meiosis when the cells have half the number of chromosomes is called
haploid
monoploid
diploid
polyploid
30
Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
31
What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons to start the ETC during photosynthesis?
electricity
cellular respiration
ATP
sunlight
32
What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during the transcription of mRNA?
RNA Ligase
RNA Polymerase
RNA Primase
Polymerase
33
What type of cell has a cell wall?
plant cell
animal cell
blood cell
bacteria cell
34
What type of cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts?
prokaryotic cells
animal cells
eukaryotic cells
plant cells
35
What is the phase when chromosomes pull apart toward the poles
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
36
When do homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis?
Prophase 2
Metaphase 1
Interphase
Prophase 1
37
What are the name of all cells created from mitosis?
somatic cells
body cells
gametes
granddaughter cells
38
Offspring are produced when male and female gametes combine. What is the name of this process?
mitosis
meiosis
fertilization
binary fission
39
The process by which the chromosome number is halved.
asexual reproduction
mitosis
meiosis
diploid
40
Which part of a phospholipid is nonpolar and hydrophobic?
lipid tail
phosphate head
41
Which type of cell has a nucleus?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
42
The end product of mitosis when the cells have full sets of chromosomes is called
diploid
haploid
monoploid
polyploid
43
What are the monomers of proteins?
nucleotides
amino acids
monosaccharide
fatty acids
44
How many overall steps are there in cellular respiration?
2
4
1
3
45
How many phases are in mitosis?
3
6
4
5
46
Which of the following nucleotides is not found in RNA?
Tyrine
Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine
47
In DNA, Adenine pairs with
Thymine
Uracil
48
What is the correct sequence if you were transcribing this strand of DNA: ATC TTG ACA
UAG AAC UGU
AUC UUG ACA
TAG AAC TGT
TAG AAC UGT
49
Who is credited with the discovery of the idea of a cell?
Virchow
Schleiden
Schwann
Hooke
50
The result of the replication of DNA and one cell division is: ____ daughter cells that are __________.
4, haploid
4, not identical
2, identical
2, diploid
51
What is the phase where chromosomes reach the poles and begin to decondense and the nuclear envelope reappears?
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Telophase
Metaphase
52
Which of the following is not a type of RNA?
messenger RNA
ribosomal RNA
transfer RNA
total RNA
53
A change in the DNA sequence is called a(n):
evolution
mutation
carcinogen
mutagen
54
What organelle converts the sun's light energy into chemical energy?
chloroplast
chlorophyll
cell wall
vacuole
55
Which of the following nucleotides is not found in DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil
Uranine
56
Which of the following is not a similarity between all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
ribosomes
DNA
cell wall
cell membrane
57
What is the process in meiosis that ensures genetic variation?
fertilization
crossing over
chromosome formation
sexual reproduction
58
Which type of cell has free floating DNA?
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
59
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
11
9
2
1
60
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA during replication?
Ligase
Helicase
Primase
DNA polymerase
61
Where can you find apical meristems?
roots only
roots and stems
stems only
leaves only
62
During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
63
What are the two most broad categories of cell types?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
Plant and Animal
Animal and Bacteria
Protista and Fungi
64
What organelle is where proteins are synthesized?
golgi apparatus
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
65
What are the two processes of protein synthesis in order?
Transcription then Translation
mRNA turns into tRNA
Translation then Transcription
DNA replication then transcription
66
Where does cellular respiration occur?
ribosome
nucleus
chloroplast
mitochondria
67
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
3
4
2
1
68
The _______ is a region of rapid cell division on plants so that the plant can grow.
transport tissue
cuticle
apical meristem
epidermis
69
Where does photosynthesis occur?
ribosome
chloroplast
nucleus
mitochondria
70
Which of the following describes RNA
A double Helix
A single strand
A single helix
A double strand
71
The vascular tissue that carries water and minerals from the roots upward is the
phloem
transport tissue
meristem
xylem
72
Which statement describes a way in which cellular respiration relates to photosynthesis?
photosynthesis creates ATP to power cellular respiration
they both happen in the same organelle
Cellular respiration consists of two phases and photosynthesis is three
the products of one process are the reactants of the other
73
What does homeostasis do?
maintains the internal environment of an organism
maintains the cell structure
maintains the external environment of an organism
maintains the cell transport
74
The main stages of the cell cycle in order are:
Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis
Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Interphase Meiosis Cytokinesis
75
What is the central dogma of Biology?
DNA-> RNA->Proteins
Proteins-> DNA -> RNA
Proteins-> RNA-> DNA
DNA-> Proteins -> RNA
76
What type of tissue makes up the outside, protective covering of the plant?
vascular
dermal
meristematic
ground
77
What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides during DNA replication?
Primase
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
78
What role does carbon dioxide play in cellular respiration?
releases energy
product
reactant
provides energy
79
Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
nucleus
nucleolus
nucleoid region
nuclear membrane
80
Which of the following is a reactant in photosynthesis?
oxygen
ATP
glucose
carbon dioxide
81
What are the two halves of a chromosome called?
centromere sisters
sister chromatin
sister chromatids
homologous sisters
82
Where are ribosomes found in a cell?
in the mitochondria
on the smooth ER
on the rough ER
free floating
83
What is the function of a stop codon?
to stop the amino acid car
to signal the end of protein synthesis
to signal the end of transcription
to signal the end of translation
84
What is The part of the chromosome that the spindle fiber attaches to that also connects the sister chromatids?
centriole
spindle apparatus
centromere
gene
85
When using the genetic code chart, what do you use to find the amino acid?
tRNA
DNA
mRNA
anticodon
86
A substance that causes mutations is called a:
toxinogen
carcinogen
mutation
mutagen
87
Which of the following is an example of transport that requires energy?
facilitated diffusion
diffusion
active transport
osmosis
88
Which word means "in the absence of oxygen"?
aerobic
anaerobic
absentia
carbonic
89
The result of meiosis is: ____ daughter cells that are __________.
4, identical
4, diploid
4, haploid
4, not identical
90
Name the term for the uncontrolled division of cells
Meiosis
Cancer
Mitosis
Mutation
91
How many cell divisions occur during mitosis?
2
6
4
1
92
What direction do water molecules move during osmosis?
up the concentration gradient
high concentration to low concentration
against the concentration gradient
Low concentration to high concentration
93
Besides ATP, what is made in cellular respiration?
glucose
carbon dioxide
oxygen
water
94
Why are leaves the main place where photosynthesis occurs?
the leaves are broad and flat to absorb sunlight
the leaves are able to absorb water
the leaves are covered by a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss
the leaves have stomata which allow oxygen out of the plant
95
Oxygen will leave the plant and Carbon dioxide will enter the plant through the:
thylakoids
stroma
stomata
grana
96
What is the phase where chromosomes become condensed?
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Telophase
Interphase
97
Which type of microscope can view living organisms?
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
simple light telescope
compound light microscope
98
Where can you find an anticodon?
in the mitochondria
on the mRNA
in the nucleus
on the tRNA
