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AP Biology Molecules of Life
AP Biology Molecules of Life
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A quiz on the chemistry of life and associated molecules.
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Questions
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Answers
1
What are the properties of hydrocarbons?
hydrophilic, containing numerous carboxyl groups, nonpolar
hydrophilic, good source of stored energy
Hydrophobic, nonpolar, good source of stored energy
hydrophobic, containing numerous amine groups, polar
2
In a folded protein, the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids tend to be:
exposed on the outside of the protein.
tucked away inside the protein
distributed randomly throughout the protein.
3
At what level(s) of protein structure would you expect to find disulfide bridges?
quaternary
secondary
only in secondary and tertiary
both primary and secondary
4
Triacylglycerol contains fatty acids and
glucose
glycerol
glycogen
guanine
5
What Functional group(s) are in all amino acids?
Amino
Carbonyl and Amino
Carboxyl and Amino
Carboxyl
6
What is the difference between Ketone and Aldehyde groups?
size
types of elements
shape
placement
7
All of the following are true of protein denaturation except that it
is always irreversible
is a shape change
may be caused by a pH change
could result from a temperature change
8
What changes causes two enatiomers to change their effects?
Number of Molecules
Angles of Bonds
Size
Shape
9
There are several levels of protein structure, the most complex of which is
Tertiary
Quaternary
Primary
Secondary
10
What is entropy?
the total sum of energy in a organism
electronegativity
the sum of chemical reactions in an organism
disorder
11
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found in DNA but is not found in RNA?
adenine
thymine
uracil
guanine
12
Which part of an amino acid gives it its unique properties?
Amino Group
Carboxyl Group
Side Chain
13
What provides the information necessary to specify the three-dimensional shape of a protein?
The protein's interaction with molecular chaperones
the protein's interactions with other polypeptides
The protein's amino acid sequence
The protein's peptide bonds
14
Which is a Sulfhydryl?
-S2H
-SH2
-SH
-S2
15
With respect to galactose, glucose is
not an isomer
unrelated ecept they are both sugars
structural isomer
steroisomer
16
Cis-trans iomers ___?
have flipped elements
nonexistant
have elements on different sides of a bond
are Mirror-images
17
Which is a methyl group?
-NH2
-COOH
-OH
-CH3
18
The globular shape of the protein is called the _____ structure.
Quaternary
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
19
What is the difference between DNA and RNA sugar?
RNA has more carbon
RNA has more oxygen
DNA has more carbon
DNA has more oxygen
20
What type of macromolecule carries out catalysis in biological systems?
nucleic acids called DNA
lipids called steroids
carbohydrates called starches
)proteins called enzymes
21
What shape does a carbon atom form when covalently bonded with four other elements?
Circle
Trinagle
Tetrahedron
Cross
22
Which is a hydroxyl group?
-H2
-OH
-H
-H2O
23
In proteins, elements of secondary structure combine to form a(n)
domain
motif
alpha helix
beta sheet
24
Which element is always associated with organic chemistry?
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Chlorine
25
What are the six most important chemical elements of life?
carbon, nitrogen, calcium, zinc, iron, hydrogen
carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen, iron, magnesium
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, phosphate, hydrogen
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphate, sulfur
26
Nucleic acids are chains of 5-carbon sugars linked by ____ bonds.
phosphate
carboxyl
amino
phosphodiester
27
Why is Carbon the most common element in organic chemistry?
It has a low electronegativity
It is able to bond with many elements
It is a very common element on Earth
It can form four bonds
28
Which is a Carbonyl group?
-CO
-CO
-C
-C2
29
In the formation of a macromolecule, what type of bond would join two amino acid subunits?
hydrogen bond
peptide bond
phosphodiester bond
ester linkage
30
Which is an amino group?
-COOH
-N2
-NH2
-H2N2
31
Which is an organic molecule?
HCl
H2O
Ne
CH4
32
In nucleic acids, the purine nitrogenous bases are
guanine and thymine
adenine and guanine
cytosine and guanine
uracil and thymine
33
In a DNA molecule, what bonds hold together nitrogenous bases from the two polymer chains?
covalent
hydrogen
ionic
peptide
34
What happens during a hydrolysis reaction?
protein coils into its secondary structure
a bond is formed between two subunits of a macromolecule
the bond between two subunits of a macromolecule is broken
water breaks ionic bonds
35
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called the ___ structure.
primary
tertiary
secondary
quaternary
36
Which is a phosphate group?
-P
-PO
-PH4
-PO4
37
Which functional group is nonpolar?
Amino
Carbonyl
Methyl
Carboxyl
38
Molecular chaperones ________
work through hydrophobic interactions
Help fold and refold protein
degrade proteins that have folded incorrectly
are found in the nucleus and aid in folding of DNA
39
The empirical formula for carbohydrates is
(CHO)2
(CH20)n
(CnHnOn)2
C6H12O6
40
Which parts of amino acids are involved in peptide bonds?
carboxyl on amino acid and the side chain on the other
The carboxyl group on both amino acids
The amino group on both amino acids
amino group on amino acid and carboxyl group on the other
41
The group of molecules called nucleotides contain:
pyrimidines
phosphate groups.
pentose (a 5-carbon sugar).
all
42
Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar at the:
2' carbon
3' carbon
1' carbon
4' carbon
43
Which of these is not a lipid?
terpenes
Chitin
prostaglandins
steroids
44
Which is a carboxyl group?
-COOH
-HCO2
-CO2H
-CHO2
