stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
The ultimate Philosophy of Science quiz Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
The ultimate Philosophy of Science quiz
The ultimate Philosophy of Science quiz
63 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
29 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
63 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
63
Answers
1
Adorno claims that Popper is a positivist, because “positivism” applies to the logical empiricists' theory of science
False
True
2
Popper agrees that he is a positivist
True
False
3
Logical empiricists and Karl Popper do not share the assumption that
Science is unified
Scientific terms have a precise and fixed meaning
Science is non-cumulative
Observation and theory can be sharply divided
4
What school claims that: "scientific theories are not literal descriptions of the world nor do they aim to be"
critical rationalists
instrumentalists
realists
logical empiricists
5
Which theory expresses that: "natural laws connect those abstract properties, not the individuals that instantiate them"
Nancy Cartwright's theory of natural laws
Metaphysical theory
Universals Theory
Research programme
6
The problem of incommensurability is due to
epistemological incommensurability
methodologial incommensurability
conceptual (semantic) incommensurability
ontological (perceptual) incommensurability
7
Research programmes are made of
core, paradigm, positive heuristic, negative heuristic
protective belt, research tools, epistemic values
core, protective belt, positive heuristic, negative heuristic
8
Deductive inferences are X and Y
conservative and truth-preserving
conservative and non-truth-preserving
ampliative and truth-preserving
ampliative and non-truth-preserving
9
According to Weber it is a fallacy to infer descriptive statements from normative statements
True
False
10
A scientific revolution is a non-cumulative, developmental period of science
False
True
11
The subsequent periods of science are
normal science, crisis, scientific revolution, normal science
pre-paradigmatic state, normal science, crisis, normal science
pre-paradigmatic, normal science, crisis, scientific revolution, normal sci
crisis, scientific revolution, normal science
12
According to Popper...
The most important tool is deductive logic
we can distinguish between scientific and extra-scientific problems
There is no value-free science
criticism should not be the motor of the sciences
13
When talking about social constructivism, the thing at stake is...
contingency, nominalism, ontology
metaphors, nominalism, necessity
essentialisation, necessity
nominalism, contingency, stability
14
Constructive empiricism was invented by...
Ian Hacking
Larry Laudan
Bas Van Fraassen
Nancy Cartwright
15
Is it true? The normative dimension of something - what is; the descriptive dimension - what ought to be
True
False
16
Popper emphasised that scientific practices are part of the social division of labour
False
True
17
The covering law model is based on
explanation is a deductive argument, explanandum-why the explanans occurs
explanation is an inductive argument, explanandum-why the explanans occurs
explanation is an inductive argument, explanans-why the explanandum occurs
explanation is a deductive argument, explanans-why the explanandum occurs
18
The question was...
Is Popper a marxist?
Is Popper a positivist?
Is Adorno cute?
Is Adorno an idealist?
19
According to Hempel...
The explanandum must be empirically testable
The explanation must be a valid inductive argument
The explanation must be a valid deductive argument
The sentences in the explanans must be false
20
Social constructivists could claim that
As it is, X is very problematic in some respect to be qualified
X is natural and has always existed
X need not have existed, or need not be at all as it is
We would be better off without X, or should at least radically transform X
21
A paradigm consists of
Exemplars, symbolic simplifications, models, values
Exemplars, symbolic generalisations, models, values
Exemplars, symbolic simplifications, metaphors, vices
Exemplars, symbolic generalisations, metaphors, vices
22
Lakatos agrees with Kuhn that the normal business of scientists is not to refute the core of their research programme
True
False
23
Falsification was the method of... and it was based on
Karl Popper, falsifying bold and progressive theories
David Hume, falsifying bold and progressive theories
24
The positivist dispute started with a discussion between
Weber and Kuhn
Popper and Weber
Adorno and Popper
Weber and Adorno
25
The ideal of value-free science is based on scientific practices as
autonomous
neutral
partial
theory-ladden
26
"Science as social knowledge" is a view introduced to philosophy of science by
Sally Haslanger
Naomi Oreskes
Sandra Harding
Helen Longino
27
Induction is the core of the following idea of science: Observation, Generalisation, and Experimental Verification
False
True
28
Ian Hacking stated that...
the Peggy II experiment leads to experimenter’s realism about electrons
We can call something real without knowing its causal properties
Scientific realism is divided into realism about entities and other matters
Experimental physics provides the strongest evidence for scientific realism
29
Who said that science needs to have a place in society and advocated for a well-ordered public knowledge system?
Longino
Peterson
Kitcher
Oreskes
30
Naomi Oreskes argues for "consensus view" which places an individual scientist's expertise in the position of authority
True
False
31
The Positivist dispute was about value judgements and political questions based on scientific investigations
True
False
32
What are the features of natural laws?
Natural laws are general, not analytic, global; they express a necessity
Natural laws are specific, analytic, global; they express a necessity
Natural laws are general, analytic, global; they express a necessity
Natural laws are specific, not analytic, global; they express a necessity
33
The value judgement controversy was a dispute between
Horkheimer and Laudan
Kuhn and Laudan
Weber and Adorno
Schmoller and Naumann
34
Which type of inferences relies on something Hume calls the "uniformity principle"
deductive inferences
neither
both
inductive inferences
35
X said: scientific practices are an autonomous and closed domain + the distinction between facts and values is contested
Popper
Foucault
Weber
Adorno
36
X and Y values important for Kuhn's paradigm are...
accuracy, consistency
simplicity, pragmatics
complexity, fruitfulness
broad explanatory scope, complexity
37
The uniformity of nature principle is...
"The future will be like the past"
"The future will be like the present"
"The present is like the past"
"The past was like the present"
38
Who said these words: we cannot justify inductive inferences at all hence we can have no knowledge of the unobserved?
Hume
Locke
Descartes
Bacon
39
What is Naomi Oreskes' argument in the text "Why Trust Science"?
there is no identifiable, singular scientific method
science is a unified enterprise
scientific truths are perishable
scientific truths are permanent
40
X and Y are the two of five cornerstones of logical empiricism are
Theories and Observations, rejection of analytic a priori knowledge
Falsification, theory-ladenness
Rejection of synthetic a priori knowledge, metaphysics is meaningless
Verfication, theory-ladenness
41
Novel predictions must be empirically corroborated—then, we can call the research programme “empirically progressive"
False
True
42
Inductive inferences cannot guarantee the truth of the conclusion, even if the premises are true
True
False
43
"Starting research from the lives of women actually strengthens standards of objectivity" is the view called
weak objectivity
strong objectivity
strong subjectivity
weak subjectivity
44
How can we distinguish the sciences from pseudo-sciences?
Descartes-verification
Kuhn-research programmes, Lakatos-paradigms
Feyerabend-we cannot
Logical Empiricism-verification, Critical Rationalism-falsification
45
Induction was a method applied by... who focused on...
rationalists; abstract/formal aspects
rationalists; observational/experimental aspects
empiricists, abstract/formal aspects
empiricists, observational/experimental aspects
46
What did Feyerabend mean by "anything goes"?
He believed in methodological pluralism
There is no single, universally applicable method that guarantees progress
It's his scientific method
All the answers are correct
47
What are the different ideas of science?
demonstration, comprehension, classification, explanation
demonstration, experimentation, classification, explanation
demonstration, comprehension, classification, understanding
demonstration, experimentation, classification, understanding
48
The core of a research programme is made of auxiliary hypothesis, methods, models; it stands and falls with it
False
True
49
According to Nancy Cartwright, in case of natural laws there is a trade-off between...
Truth and explanatory power
Truth and falsity
Explanatory power and physics
Explanatory power and metaphysical properties
50
Normal science is a "puzzle-solving" activity because...
It is conservative
It is a highly structured activity
51
Research programmes can
progress, stagnate, degenerate
progress, stagnate
progress, degenerate
stagnate, degenerate
52
The further away from the core, the less frequently the elements of the protective belt will change
True
False
53
Natural laws express X necessity
logical, metaphysical, nomic, practical
logical, epistemic, nomic, practical
logical, metaphysical, epistemic, theoretical
logical, metaphysical, nomic, theoretical
54
Imre Lakatos' scientific method is
puzzle-solving
research programmes
falsification
research methods
55
"Progress in the sciences depends on scientists breaking the rules." Who said that?
Feyerabend
Lakatos
Kuhn
56
Is it correct to say that "everything is socially constructed"?
False
True
57
Some of the feminist values of science are, according to Longino
empirical adequacy, simplicity, fruitfulness, applicability to human needs
empirical inadequacy, explanatory power, applicability to human needs
empirical adequacy, complexity, ontological heterogeneity, fruitfulness
empirical adequacy, complexity, novelty, decentralisation of power
58
Nancy Cartwright claims that the laws of nature accurately and objectively describe reality
False
True
59
The following author-method matches are incorrect
Fleck-thought collectives
Logical Empiricism-OGrE
Kuhn-under-determination
Karl Popper-verification
60
The "Werturteilsstreit” (value judgement controversy) was
epistemological
methodological
political
cultural
61
The dimensions of scientific realism are:
metaphysical, semantic, epistemological
ontological, semantic, epistemological
metaphysical, practical, semantic
metaphysical, practical, epistemological
62
According to Adorno...
Criticism is the motor of science but not identical to deductive logic
The distinction between evaluative and valuefree behaviour is a reification
The problem of value judgements in science is a “pseudo-problem”
Problems often are contradictions of our theories with reality
63
Negative heuristic is made up from all the tools, methods or concepts that help scientists to overcome problems
True
False
